f. abdollahi

Onion (Allium cepa L.) is a species of the Alliacea family. It is of great economic importance in Hormozgan province, Iran, which is ranked the second among the largest producers of onion in Iran in terms of cultivated area (8147 ha) (Agricultural statistics, 2021). Conventional Irrigation have undoubtedly helped in improving both bulb yield and quality of onion, but lately, it was arising many novel trends in Irrigation. Using of chitosan as an antiperspirant compound is one of these trends, as it can improve the water use efficiency (Geries et al., 2020). Chitosan is a member of the polysaccharides which is considered a useful natural polymer and is produced by alkaline N-deacetylation of chitin. Ahmed et al. (2019) reported that positive effect of chitosan nanoparticles on onion, as it significantly promoted seed germination and radical length under salt stress. The best treatment on germination was 0.3% of nano chitosan. Growth variables (plant height, leaf area, fresh and dry weights of the shoot and root) were increased significantly. Nevertheless, data on the utilization of chitosan for onion are meager in Iran. In this way, this study was carried to consider the impact of irrigation periods and chitosan as a biological elicitor on onion cultivar of Taki yellow, uniquely the adjustment in yield and quality properties.

This study was carried out at the private farm in Sohrabi village, Shamil district, Hormozgan province, Iran, conducted during 2020-2021 growing season. The experiment was carried out as autumn planting. This experiment was conducted as split-plot arrangement based on a complete randomized block design with 3 replications. Treatments were three irrigation periods and three doses of chitosan as main and sub plot, respectively. In this experiment 3 irrigation periods (such as two days, four days and six days) and 3 doses of chitosan (including zero, 1000 and 2000 ppm) with constant density of 63 plants m-2 yield and yield components (such as mean onion weight, length and diameter, onion shape index and dry matter content) and harvest index of onion were measured.

This study was conducted to assess the potential effects of irrigation periods and foliar spraying with chitosan, on the growth, yield quality of onion bulbs. In this experiment, nearly all measured traits were significantly (P<0.01) affected by irrigation periods and doses of chitosan. Results showed two forms of chitosan treatments (chitosan 1000 and 2000 ppm) were the most effective treatments for vegetative growth characters (plant height and Dry weight of shoot per plant), yield and its components (bulb dry matter %, bulb length, bulb diameter and total bulb yield) while chitosan at 0 ppm gives the highest values for harvest index in each irrigation periods. Also, results showed more irrigation (Two days) was the most effective treatments for vegetative growth characters, yield and its components. Therefore, according to these results, under deficit irrigation conditions, chitosan can reduce the effects of drought stress on onion more than No foliar application. In this regard, Shamekh, Jafari & Abdollahi (2021) the effect of proline, chitosan and its derivatives on photosynthetic pigments, chlorophyll fluorescence indices, qualitative characteristics and yield of greenhouse tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) under deficit irrigation conditions and these researchers reported in their studies that under deficit irrigation conditions, chitosan and its derivatives can reduce the effects of drought stress on tomatoes more efficiently than proline.

The obtained results indicated that foliar application with chitosan had an important role in promoting and improving plant vegetative growth, and this led to improve in yield and yield components of onion in higher irrigation periods (four days and six days). The examination inferred that using chitosan to deliver highest yield in good quality with great the economic benefit was gotten from foliar application at 2000 ppm.

Moringa oleifera is an important herbal plant with a valuable source of major essential nutrients and nutraceuticals. In this study, we supplemented the diet of Litopenaeus vannamei with different levels of M. oleifera leaf powder (MLP) and extract (MLE) and evaluated the growth, survival, body and fatty acid composition, hemolymph biochemistry, antioxidant status, and salinity stress resistance after six weeks of feeding. In total, 840 shrimp (2.6±0.02 g) were divided into seven groups including the shrimp fed with the basal diet (control), and the diets containing different levels of MLP [25 (MLP25), 50 (MLP50), and 100 (MLP100) g kg-1] and MLE [0.25 (MLE0.25), 0.5 (MLE0.5), and 1.0 (MLE1.0) %]. The results showed a lower FCR value in MLP25 and MLE0.5 fed shrimp as well as a higher survival rate in MLP100 and MLE0.5 fed shrimp than those of the control group. Dietary MLP enhanced the body contents of lipid and fatty acids (i.e., the pentadecanoic acid and the omega-3 and -6 polyunsaturated fatty acids). The MLP100 diet remarkably enhanced the hemolymph total protein, albumin, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels of shrimp. On the other hand, the AST and ALT activities were significantly reduced in the shrimp fed with MLP25, MLE0.25 and MLE0.5 diets. MLP and MLE in the diet of shrimp also led to a significant increase in the hemolymph antioxidant enzymes activity. Moreover, the shrimp fed with MLP50 diet showed a significantly higher survival rate in response to the high salinity stress compared to the control group. In conclusion, the supplementation of both MLP and MLE in the diet of L. vannamei showed beneficial effects on the performance of the shrimp farming industry.

To investigate the response of transplant and whole plants of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) to the type of substrate and fertilizer, a factorial experiment was conducted as a randomized block design in Minab city of Hormozgan province with three replications. The first factor included four types of substrates and the second factor included five fertilizers levels. The results of the greenhouse experiment showed that the substrate type and fertilizer had a significant effect on the transplant traits. The results showed that the maximum leaf number and root dry weight of transplants were obtained in the cocopeat + vermicompost substrate. In each substrate, fertilizers improved the transplant traits, and organic and biological fertilizers were more effective. Thus, the maximum transplant height was determined in the cocopeat + vermicompost with algae fertilizer, and the maximum fresh weight and root volume were measured in the same substrate but with phosphozite fertilizer. The results of the field study showed that the evaluated traits were affected by the substrate type and fertilizer, and the seedlings previously grown in the substrates that improved their traits, had better growth after transferring to the field. The results showed that the highest number and yield of fruit, total soluble solids, and ascorbic acid were obtained in the seedlings produced in cocopeat + vermicompost substrate and organic fertilizers.

Illness perception has a predictive value in the health-related behaviors of people with chronic illness and its impact on quality of life and disease management is important. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between perceived disease and health-related behaviors in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). This descriptive-correlational study was performed on 100 patients with MS selected by convenience sampling. Data collection tools were included demographic information, health related behaviors and a brief illness perception questionnaire (BIPQ). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Anova inference, t-test and linear regression test using SPSS-22 software. The mean age of participants and mean duration of the disease were 33.43±8.53 and 4.4±3.48 years, respectively. The mean illness perception score was 35.53±1.31 (moderate). Regarding to health-related behaviors, only a quarter of participants had a regular and appropriate level of activity, and behaviors related to alcohol, cigarette and tobacco consumption were in acceptable level. Based on the linear regression test physical activity (p=0.007) and smoking (p<0.001) were among the predictors of illness perception. The results of this study showed that the illness perception in people with MS was related to health behaviors. Therefore, efforts to improve the health-related behaviors can promote illness perception in patients with MS.

Postpartum Depression (PPD) is the common psychological problem after child's birth that could affect women's health. The limited studies have assessed the relationship between PPD and quality of life. This study aimed to determine this relationship in a sample of Iranian population. In a longitudinal cohort study, 618 pregnant women referred toMazandaran primary health centers(2015-2016) were recruited to this study via cluster sampling. Data were collected using Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) and 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF36) during 6-8 weeks ofpostpartum. The mean scores of whole SF36 and all domains of it in two groups of postpartum,i.e., depressed and non- depressed women were compared. Data were analyzed using T-test, ANOVA, person correlation and linear regression. The prevalence of postpartum depression was 22.7%. There was a significant difference between mean scores of whole SF36 of postpartum depressed and non- depressed women (64.65 ,11.59 and 74.42 ,10.77, respectively). Also, depression during pregnancy and postpartum were the predictor factors of women' quality of life (p<001). The mean scores of physical functioning, mental health, social role functioning, physical role functioning, emotional role functioning, vitality and general health perception domains of SF36 in depressed women were lower than that in non-depressed ones(P<0.05).Moreover, the mean score of bodily pain in depressed women was more than the non-depressed counterparts. Due to the high prevalence of postpartum depression and its effect on quality of life during an important period of women’s life, the screening and intervention programs to prevent postpartum depression and education of women on improving their quality of life are suggested. Conflict of interest: non declared

The main aim of this paper is to construct an orthonormal wavelet on H2(D), the Hardy space of analytic functions on the open unit disc with square summable Taylor coefficients

The high prevalence of obesity and overweightness has been a major focus during past decades.

This study assessed the prevalence of obesity/overweightness, its trend and related factors among adolescent students, in Mazandaran province.

In a descriptive study and using stratified, random sampling method, the students’ documents in the first degree of three educational levels; primary, lower secondary and upper secondary were assessed during 2005-2014 years. Body Mass Index (BMI) was calculated.  BMI Z-Score was categorized into three grades; normal (1≤z<- 2), over weight (1≤z<2), and obese (≥2). The prevalence of obesity at each level was investigated.

Based on BMI Z-score, 3.1%, 4%, and 2.9% of the sample popualtion at ages 7, 12 and 15 years were obese, respectively. Moreover, the rate of overweightness increased from 8.3% (98) at age 7 to 10.1% (121) and 10% (119) at ages 12 and 15 years, respectively. At the age of 15years, the rate of obesity and overweightness in girls was double that much of the boys (1.9% vs. 1.1% and 7% vs. 3%). There were no significant relationships between obesity/overweight and parent occupation and education, kind of school as well as students’ living places.

In this study, the prevalence of obesity in Mazandaran in comparison to national adolescents’ obesity was low but the prevalence of overweightness was high at each educational level. Intervention programs for the prevention of overweightness should be initiated at primary or secondary school ages. 

Conflict of interest: None declared.

Considering the high prevalence of Tricomonas vaginalis (TV) in women and the known side effects of Metronidazol, the focus has been concentrated on herbal therapy in order to reduce drug side- effects in the recent decades.

To determine of M.communis effect on Trichmonas Vaginalis infection.

This study has been carried out as double blind in test and control groups. Methanolic extraction was performed by percolation and essential oil prepared by hydrodistillation. The parasite was isolated from vagina and determined directly. Samples were collected from vaginal discharges. Identification were done through direct smear preparation. Parasite was added to the 5 test tubes containing Drosse medium, metronidazole, Dimethyl sulfoxaide (DMSO) myrtus extraction with concentration of (0.1, 0.01 ml and essential oil with concentrations of (0.1, 0.01, 0.001, 0.004, 0.0002 and 0.0001) in order to determine the effect of these concentrations within 72 hours.

Findings suggested that Trichomonas could be alive in Drosse medium for 72 hours, in presence of Metronidazole for one hour and in Drosse medium for 6 hours. Also, the results revealed that methanolic extract at concentrations of 0.1 and 0,01 and essential oil at concentrations of 0.1, 0.01, 0.001 and 0.0004 were effective at the beginning of the inoculation and at concentrations of 0.0002 and 0.0001 after 2 and 9 hours respectively.

Considering the significant effect of essential oil and methanolic extract of M.communis on Trichomonas in-vitro condition, it is recommended that the therapeutic effects of the substance from this plant be studied in- vitro condition and if having positive effect, to be used as a drug.

Background and

Since bleeding due to the prolongation of the third stage of labor is one of the most common cause of mortality in the developing countries, we decided to conduct a comparative study on the effect of oxytocin and normal saline injected into umbilical vein on the shortening of the third stage of labor. Ïn referrees to Ïmam Khomeini delivery center of Sari in 1375.

This research was an experimental, done on 300 normal delivery cases of single. The samples were collected randomly and divided in three groups of oxytocin (100 cases), normal saline (100 cases) and control (100 cases). Ïn oxytocin group 30 units of it was added in 27 ml of normal saline, and in saline group 30 ml of it was injected in Ümbilical vein after delivery, But in control group no injection was done. X2 and T test were used to interprete the obtained data.

The results indicated that the mean duration of the 3rd stage of delivery in oxytocin group was (1.81 ± 0.96), normal saline group (2.64 ± 1.2) which both were shorter than the control group. Ând also in oxytocin group it was shorter than the normal saline group so shows a significant difference (P<0.05) Çonclusion: Ïnjection of oxytocin and normal saline in umbilical cord vein is a simple, cheap but effective in management of the 3rd stage of delivery.