فهرست مطالب fatemehsadat sajadi

Self-assessment (SA) means assessing or judging efficiency, and identifying strengths and weaknesses to improve learning outcomes.

The present study aims to investigate the knowledge, and attitude of the students of Kerman Dental Faculty regarding practical self-assessment skills.

This cross-sectional descriptive-analytic study included 220 residents, and general students of Kerman Faculty of Dentistry. Data was collected using a questionnaire consisting of two parts. In the first part, the demographic information was recorded. The second part questioned students' knowledge and attitude toward practical self-assessment skills. The intra-class coefficient and content validity index of the questionnaire were 0.72 and 0.83, respectively. Data were analyzed using a T-test, analysis of variance, and multivariate regression in SPSS 21 software. P-value<0.05 was considered as the statistical significance level.

The results indicated that the average score of questionnaire was 44.45 ± 6.58 for women and 42.60 ± 5 for men, which was significantly higher in the female students (P-value=0.02). Moreover, the average score of residents was 46.4±6.21, considerably higher than general students (42.99 ± 5.80) (P value = 0.01). Finally, the average score of students at public colleges was equal to 44.48 ± 6.10, higher than that to those studying at private colleges (41.56 ± 5.35) (P-value = 0.01), which shows better self-assessment skills.

The study highlights the critical role of self-assessment skills to improve the dental students learning ability, performance, and independency. Moreover, it is recommended that regular self-assessment skills be considered significantly in dentistry curricula.

Due to the complexity of health services, evaluating the aspects of quality in the healthcare sector is very important. Measuring the quality of dentistry school services of Kerman Medical Sciences University (KMU) in 2019–2020 is the main  purpose of the present study.   This cross-sectional and descriptive-analytical study was carried out on 200 patients at KMU Dentistry School during  the 2019–2020 academic year. The data collection was done by using the SERVQUAL standardized questionnaire, which evaluates the service quality in six dimensions. The data were analyzed by implementing three non-parametric tests, including the  Wilcoxon signed-rank test, the Kruskal–Wallis test, and the Mann-Whitney test using SPSS 26.   the participants’ perceptions and expectations concerning the six-fold dimensions of service quality in the KMU Dentistry  School indicated significant differences (P < 0.001). In other words, the entire dimensions showed a positive gap, meaning the  perceptions exceeded expectations.   The consequences showed a meaningful relationship between the perceived service quality and the satisfaction of  participants which can be enhanced by paying more attention to the service quality so that participants are satisfied and the motivation to continue using the services of such medical centers increases.

Statement of the Problem:

 Camelia Sinenis or green tea (GT) and Teucrium polium (TP) are known to have a great antimicrobial potential on salivary Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans).Their efficacy should be examined compared to the gold standard antimicrobial agents.

To evaluate the effects of Camelia Sinenis or green tea (GT) and Teucrium polium (TP) extracts in comparison with chlorhexidine gluconate (CHG) on salivary S. mutans levels.

This double-blinded randomized clinical trial study was conducted on 90 preschool children aged 4 to 6 years and assigned randomly (simple randomization) to three groups as GT, TP, and CHG. Unstimulated saliva samples were then collected in three times as before application of agents, after half an hour, and after one week. To determine S. mutans levels, quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) technique was additionally utilized. Statistical analysis was also fulfilled using Shapiro-Wilk test, Friedman test, Chi-square test, paired sample t-test, repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA), and Mann-Whitney U test at a significance level of 0.05.

The results of this study established a significant difference between mean salivary S. mutans levels after administration of the three compounds. Although the mean of S. mutans levels reduced significantly following the application of CHG and TP after half an hour, the mean salivary S. mutans levels in the group receiving GT declined in a significant manner only one week later (p< 0.05).

The results of this study indicated that GT and TP extracts had considerable effects on salivary S. mutans levels compared with CHG.

 Assessment plays a great role in encouraging learning and evaluating whether the learning objectives have been achieved.

 This study aimed to assess the knowledge and attitudes of dental faculty members toward Patient Management Problem (PMP) and Multiple-Choice Question (MCQ) tests.

 In this descriptive-analytic cross-sectional study, a questionnaire was used to collect information from 54 faculty members of the dental school of Kerman University of Medical Sciences from 2019 to 2020. This study’s questionnaire consisted of two parts: the first part included demographic information, and the second included questions related to the faculty members' knowledge (10 questions) and attitudes (8 questions) towards MCQ and PMP tests. Cronbach’s alpha was considered to be 0.8. Content validity was assessed to determine the validity of the questionnaire. SPSS 20 was used to analyze the data, which included descriptive statistics such as percentage, mean, and standard deviation, as well as non-parametric tests such as the Kruskal-Wallis and linear regression tests.

 Fifty four dentistry faculty members returned the completed questionnaires in this study. Amongst them, 34(63%) were female, and 20(37%) were male. The mean scores of the knowledge and attitudes questionnaire toward the MCQ and PMP tests were 7.20 and 27.83, respectively. The Mean scores of the knowledge and attitudes had no significant relationship with age, gender, and teaching experience.

 Based on the results, it can be concluded that the dental faculty members had good knowledge about MCQs and PMPs structures and their strengths and weaknesses. There was also a good awareness of the shortcomings of the MCQ test in the assessment of clinical reasoning and the lack of transparency of this assessment tool.

Molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) is a developmental enamel defect of the incisor and molars that can lead to fear of dentistry in children. This study aimed to compare the dental fear of children aged 8 to 12 years with MIH and children with permanent first molars without hypoplasia in 2020 in Isfahan, Iran. In this descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study, the participants included 200 students aged 8-12 years old in Isfahan, who were randomly selected from the second to sixth- grade students referred to the clinics. The examination was performed by a dentistry intern using a disposable dental mirror and dental probe on the unit. Fifty-two children with MIH and 148 children with permanent first molars without hypoplasia were enrolled. The Dental Subscale of the Children’s Fear Survey Schedule (CFSS-DS) questionnaire was used to collect information, which includes two sections: demographic information and 15 questions on different areas of fear of dental treatment in children. Data were analysed through SPSS 20 software and using descriptive-statistical tests (frequency and percentage, mean), t test, chi-square test, and logistic regression test. P < 0.05 was defined as a statistically significant level. The mean score of dental fear was 15 ± 35 (ranged from 15 to 75) which indicated moderate level of dental fear in the participating children. In whole, 62.5% of children were afraid of dentistry. The rate of dental fear in girls was 9 times higher than in boys (P < 0.05). Also, the rate of dental fear in children with MIH was 46 times higher than in children who did not have this disorder (P < 0.05). The frequency of dental fear in children with severe disorders was significantly higher than in children with mild defects (P = 0.000). There was no statistically significant difference in terms of dental fear among different age groups (P = 0.313). Also, with increasing the number of dental visits, dental fear increased by 1.2 times (P < 0.05), which was statistically significant. Fear of dentistry in children with MIH was significantly higher than in children with molar teeth without hypoplasia.

Mandibular condyle fractures are the injuries to the head and face in various accidents, especially traffic accidents, which have a significant impact on the quality of life, jaw bone function, and beauty. The present study aimed to determine the prevalence of condylar fractures in patients who referred to Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery in Al-Zahra Hospital in Isfahan, Iran, during 2005-2016.

In this cross-sectional study, all patients with a maxilla fracture who were admitted to and treated at Al-Zahra Hospital in Isfahan from March 2005 to March 2016, were included. The data were collected through reading medical records. The prevalence of mandibular condyle fractures, demographic factors and epidemiological characteristics of patients, and performed diagnostic and therapeutic measures were recorded. Finally, the data were entered into SPSS software and analyzed using Fisher's exact test and chi-square test.

During 2005 to 2016, a total of 908 patients with jaw fractures were admitted to and treated in the hospital, of whom 214 (23.7%) patients were with mandibular condyle fractures, 121 (56.5%) with subcondylar fractures, 42 (19.6%) with bilateral fractures, 35 (16.4%) with condylar neck fractures, and 16 (7.5%) patients with condylar head fractures. Besides, the most common cause of fractures was traffic accidents with a frequency of 53.7%. The frequency distribution of dental involvement was significantly different in terms of the cause of fracture (P < 0.050); however, no significant difference was found in terms of the fracture site (P = 0.070).

According to the results of the present study, the prevalence of mandibular condyle fractures was more than 20%, which was associated with dental involvement in some patients. In addition, dental involvement had a significant relationship with the cause of fracture. Considering the effect of mandibular condyle fractures on the patients' quality of life, it is necessary to raise the level of public awareness about the causes and factors affecting maxilla fractures, especially condylar fractures, pay careful attention to initial examinations of traumatic patients, and do essential therapeutic measures for these patients.

One of the main complications of wisdom tooth surgery is postoperative pain. Thus, various methods have been used to reduce postoperative dental pain. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of the methanolic extract of green tea and chlorhexidine gel on pain after impacted wisdom tooth extraction.
The participants in this double-blind clinical trial study were 72 patients aged 18 to 40 years who had impacted wisdom teeth in the mandible requiring surgery. To reduce postoperative dental pain, 5% green tea extract and 0.2% chlorhexidine gel were used for one week after surgery. The collected data were analyzed using mean, standard deviation, frequency, and repeated measures ANOVA at a confidence level of 0.95.
The intensity of postoperative pain was at the highest level in both green tea and chlorhexidine gel groups on the first day and the pain intensity gradually decreased until the seventh day. The pain score reported by the patients using green tea was slightly lower than the pain score for the patients using chlorhexidine gel. However, there was no statistically significant intergroup difference in terms of the mean pain score (P = 0.21). There was a statistically significant difference between the groups that used green tea and chlorhexidine in terms of the number of analgesics used after surgery (P = 0.04). The mean number of analgesics used by the participants in the chlorhexidine group was higher.
Green tea extract can be recommended as an effective compound in reducing the severity of pain after impacted wisdom tooth extraction.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of chlorhexidine, fluoride and green tea gel on salivary S. mutans and Lactobacillus in children.

The present single-blinded clinical trial was conducted on 60 children aged 4- 6 years in pediatric dental clinic of Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran, in 2019. Children randomly were divided into three groups of 20. In each group, one of green tea 5% gel, chlorhexidine 2% gel or fluoride 0.2% gel was applied to teeth of children for five minutes before spitting out. Unstimulated saliva samples were taken from children before intervention, 30 minutes and one week after gel applications. Real-time quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction method was used for counting bacteria. Flavor acceptability of each gel was also recorded using the Visual Analogue Scale. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 21.0.

Participants were equally distributed in terms of gender and the mean DMFT score was not different between three groups. Green tea 5%, chlorhexidine 2% and fluoride 0.2% gel reduced the count of salivary S. mutans and Lactobacillus at 30 minutes and one week after intervention (P=0.000). Bacterial count increased one week after the application of chlorhexidine gel. However, a week after the application of green tea gel, the bacterial count was still less than what it was 30 minutes post application. The flavor acceptability of green tea was higher than chlorhexidine (P=0.007).

The gel form of green tea, fluoride and chlorhexidine reduced salivary S. mutans count. However, the durability and flavor acceptance of green tea was more than chlorhexidine and fluoride gel.

Acrodermatitis enteropathica (AE) is a rare and severe genetic disorder with autosomal recessive inheritance, which is usually diagnosed with deficiency of zinc intestinal absorption. This disease is classified into hereditary and acquired forms that the hereditary form is much rare. AE can be characterized by triad of periorificial and acral dermatitis, alopecia, and diarrhea. The present study aimed to report the dentistry treatment of two boys with hereditary AE and special considerations about this disease. Patients included two brothers aged 6 and 8 years with AE, and they were examined at a health center. Three days after the birth, the erythematous, erosive, and crusted lesions were seen on their mouths, perianal areas, feet, and hands. The serum zinc levels were normal. The preventive treatment like fissure sealant on four first permanent molars was performed on the 8-year-old patient, and for the other patient, two mandibular deciduous anterior teeth were extracted. AE is a rare genetic disease which can be along with dental anomaly and oral infections. Despite the fact that there are cases with normal serum, the clinical and radiographical examinations will be helpful for the final diagnosis. This study presented two male siblings with normal zinc serum who demonstrated hair and skin lesions without dental disorders.

Dental caries is a multifactorial disease with a complex etiology. The social-behavioral factors play an important role in development of dental caries. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of social-behavioral factors on dental caries in 3-6-year-old children in Kerman, Iran. This cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study was conducted on 857 children aged 3-6 years. Data collection tools were clinical examination and a form which contained two sections. The first section included demographic characteristics of children and record of their decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT) index, whereas the second section contained questions on social-behavioral factors of children and parents, which were designed in four areas of oral health service system, as well as environmental, social-cultural, and risk behaviors factors. Data analysis was performed by SPSS software using statistical tests, analysis of variance (ANOVA), t-test, and multiple linear regression model. In addition, P-value of 0.0500 was considered significant. In this research, 456 subjects were female and 401 were male. Moreover, mean age of the children was 4.76 ± 1.04 years. A significant relationship was observed between the mean DMFT index and level of education and marital status of parents (P = 0.001). Children of parents with higher education and occupational status had lower mean DMFT index. On the other hand, a significant association was found between mean DMFT index and the variables of milk consumption at night (P = 0.001), consumption of sweets and biscuits (P = 0.038), and use of toothbrush (P = 0.005) and dental floss (P = 0.001). Furthermore, a significant relationship was observed between the mean DMFT index and age of children (P = 0.001). Despite the advancements made in social, cultural, economic, and health aspects of treatment over the past few years, there is still a direct relationship between social-behavioral factors and dental caries in preschool children.

Dental caries is the most infective microbial dental disease. Basic Screening Survey is an epidemiologic index for determination of caries prevalence. The aim of this study was assessment of Caries Free prevalence in 6, 12 & 15- year old school children in Kerman during 5 years. In this cross-sectional, descriptive –analytic study, 15369 school children aged 6, 12 &15 years old were selected by multistage sampling method. Data collection was done through clinical examination and a questionnaire. Clinical examination was performed with use of the ball-point explorer and dentistry mirror. The questionnaire included the age, sex, parent's educational level, tooth brushing and dental visit frequency. Data were analyzed by t and χ2 tests. Mean Caries Free prevalence in female and male subjects were respectively 17.8% and 15.6% (in 6 year old group), 24.5% and 24.1% (in 12 year old group) and 21.5% and 25.3% (in 15 year old group). There was a statistically significant relationship between caries free prevalence and age so that, in 6 year-old student's caries free was more prevalent than other age groups. The Caries Free index in 6, 12 & 15- year old school children of Kerman was lower than WHO standards.

Streptococcus mutans is the main pathogenic agent involved in dental caries, and may be eliminated using mouthwashes. The objective of this study was to compare the effects of fluoride, chlorhexidine, and fluoride-chlorhexidine mouthwashes on salivary S. mutans count after two weeks of use and determine the prevalence of their side effects on the oral mucosa. In this clinical trial, 120 12-14 year-old students were selected and divided into three groups. Each group was given one of fluoride, chlorhexidine, or fluoride-chlorhexidine mouthwashes. They were asked to use it twice a day for two weeks. Salivary samples were collected at baseline and after two weeks. Data were analyzed by Wilcoxon and Kruskal-Wallis tests. In all the study groups, there were statistically significant reductions in salivary S. mutans counts two weeks after using the mouthwashes (P < 0.05). In addition, fluoride-chlorhexidine mouthwash had a significant effect on the reduction of S. mutans count in comparison with fluoride alone. The prevalence of oral side effects in fluoride-chlorhexidine mouthwash was more than 90%. Adding fluoride to chlorhexidine mouthwash can significantly decrease salivary S. mutans count after two weeks. Fluoride-chlorhexidine has the highest rate of oral side effects between the evaluated mouthwash compounds.

Oral hygiene in children and parental awareness have an important role in prevention of infective endocarditis. The aim of this study was to determine oral and dental health in children with congenital heart disease in comparison with a control group and its relation with knowledge، attitude and performance of parents. In this cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study carried out in 2012، 60 children، aged 3‒12 years، with congenital heart disease، referring to a private pediatric cardiology clinic and 60 healthy children، selected randomly، were evaluated. Then DMFT/dmft، plaque index and gingival index were recorded and a questionnaire was completed by parents for evaluating their knowledge، attitude and performance. Data were analyzed with SPSS 16 by descriptive statistics، 2-sample t-test، and chi-squared and regression tests (α=0. 05). The means of DMFT/dmft، PI and GI in children with CHD were significantly higher compared to healthy children (p value = 0. 001). Parents’ knowledge and attitude had no significant relationship with children’s mean PI، GI and DMFT/dmft (p value > 0. 05); however، parents’ performance and mean DMFT/dmft were significantly related (p value = 0. 01)، with no significant relationship with PI and GI (p value > 0. 05). There were no significant differences in knowledge and performance between the two groups (p value > 0. 05); however، parents’ attitudes in the patient group were significantly more positive that the healthy group (p value = 0. 004). Children with CHD had lower oral health than healthy children. Parental knowledge and performance about heart disease and the importance of oral health was low. However، the attitude of parents of children with CHD was more positive than other group، indicating the role of education in improving attitude.

In the 21 century using computers and the internet are necessary. Computers and internet provide professors and students with the possibility of accessing scientific information very quickly. The aim of this study was the evaluation of skills and use of computer and internet among professors، and postgraduate and undergraduate students in Kerman University of Medical Sciences، School of Dentistry. In this cross-sectional and descriptive-analytic study a questionnaire was given to 51 professors، 42 postgraduate and 241 undergraduate dental students of Kerman University of Medical Sciences. After completing the questionnaires، data were analyzed using chi-square test. Statistical analysis showed that the rate of access to computers at home and universities among professors، and post- and undergraduate students was 88. 2%، 84. 7%، 85. 4%، respectively. 98% of professors، 95% of postgraduates، and 94% of undergraduate students use the internet. The most rate of computer use was 0. 5-2 hours during the day. 87. 4% of professors، 71. 4% of postgraduates، and 71% of undergraduate students do not need education for using the internet. Professors and assistants use of computers for academic activities was higher than students. Skills and use rate of computers and internet was higher in professors in comparison with other groups and there were no statistically significant difference between men and women in three groups.

Behavior management of preschool children and disabled children is a challenge for dental students and dentists in dental clinics. This challenge affects the quality and quantity of the treatment options and in some cases the parents are not satisfied with the treatments. This study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of dental treatment under sedation and general anesthesia، as a novel method، in improvement of quality and quantity of education of dental students. This was achieved by the evaluation of acceptance and satisfaction of the parents of pediatric patients. In this descriptive and cross-sectional study in Kerman School of Dentistry، Iran، 30 children and adolescents، 4. 5 to 16 years of age، who had not been admitted to the dental clinics، received dental treatments under general anesthesia and by use of nitrous oxide at the department of pediatric dentistry. Then، the acceptance and satisfaction of their parents were evaluated by a questionnaire. The data were analyzed by SPSS 16 software and descriptive statistic methods. The data showed more than 80% of the parents were satisfied and believed that their children did not have anxiety in comparison to previous visits (96% of them gave 8-10 scores). Most treatments were tooth restoration and tooth extraction. This procedure، as a novel educational method، is comfortable for pediatric patients and satisfies their parents، so it is recommendable for educational dental clinics.