gh. khalilzadeh

Kamal, is a new winter bread wheat cultivar developed by the national rainfed bread wheat breeding program for the cold and temperate dryland areas of Iran. New cultivar created by crossing between Sbn//Trm/k253 and 88Zhong218//Ctk/Vee/3/Kvz/Gv//Prl in Maragheh Research Station. Kamal was selected from segregating population from F2-F7 in Maragheh (2002-2008) based on agronomic characteristics. Based on results, Kamal grain yield means in preliminary and advanced regional yield trail was 2234 and 1719 kgha-1, respectively. Results of elite trail in cold and moderate research stations (2012-2015) showed that the grain yield mean of Kamal was 2120 and means of Azar2 and Ohadi cultivars were 2066 and 2083 kgha-1, respectively. Kamal cultivar in East Azerbaijan province was compared with conventional control cultivars in the farmer fields for 3 years and the results showed that the average grain yield of Kamal and checks were 2604 and 2230 kgha-1 respectively. Kamal is a winter type variety with time to heading of 143 days, 67 cm plant height, 40, gr. 1000 kernel weight, 11.4% protein content, 20 ml Zeleni numer, 41 degree of hardness, 27% wet gluten and 15 unit of gluten index. Results revealed that Kamal cultivar is tolerant to cold and drought stresses, with suitable earliness, and good bread quality but susceptible to yellow rust and leaf rust, this xultivar way and released in 2019 under the name of Kamal for cold and moderate cold dry areas of Iran.

With the help of mathematical models, complex hydraulic conditions and especially the presence of two-phase flows over spillway chutes can be simulated in three dimensions with acceptable accuracy. By establishing different flow flows, the possibility of vacuum generation in this structure can be examined. In the present study, the possibility of cavitation and cure on the service spillway of Aghchai dam using numerical methods in Flow-3D software is evaluated. The flood flow regime has 4400 and 1065 cubic meters per second rate, which is provided by the project consultant. The free flow level in this model is calculated by volume of fluid (VOF) method. The results of flow simulation at a flow rate of 4400 cubic meters per second show that cavitation is very likely to occur at the ogee and the angle change of the chute channel where should be prevented by taking some actions. However, in lower flows, such as 1065 cubic meters per second, due to lower speed and lack of separation of flow from the bed, the occurrence probability of vacuum generation is low and not very significant. The results obtained are in good agreement with the results of the project consultant.

Release of new wheat cultivars with good characteristics such as high yield performance and resistance to diseases for specific regions under rainfed condition is an essential task for sustainability of wheat production. Saein was generated by crossing between: Azar2 and 87Zhong291 (with facultative growth type, high yield performance, good thousand kernel weight and resistance to diseases) in 1999-2000 in Maragheh Research Station. Grain yield means of Saein and Azar2 (as check cultivar) during 2006-2013 cropping seasons in Maragheh Research Station were 2601 and 2493 kgha-1 under rainfed condition and 3529 and 3223 kgha-1 with a supplementary irrigation at the sowing time, respectively. Results showed that Saein had also a specific adaptability in Ardabil regions and grain yield means of Saein (new cultivar), Ohadi and Azar2 (as check cultivars) in Ardabil were 1604, 1267 and 1355 kgha-1, respectively. Results of an on-farm study, in the farmer field in Ardabil province, showed that grain yield means of Saein and Azar2 during 2013-2014 cropping season were 2307 and 2275 kgha-1, respectively. The new cultivar is resistant to yellow rust, resistant to moderately resistant to leaf rust and also resistant to common bunt and dwarf bunt as well as resistant to cold damage, lodging and seed shuttering. New cultivar has winter growth type, white grain color, 76 cm plant height and 33 gr 1000 kernel weight. Based on its good characteristics, this line was released as a new wheat cultivar with the commercial name of Saein in 2015 and was recommended for cultivation in rainfed regions in Ardabil province, in the cold dryland areas in the north west of Iran and also in areas with the potential of supplementary irrigation.

Kohdasht is a new improved spring bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivar suitable for warm and semi arid areas of Iran. In 1990-91 cropping season, line Tr 801020029 R-1R-6R-0R was received from ICARDA under 9th Semi Arid Area Screening Nursery. Based on agronomic characteristics, resistance to diseases and abiotic stresses under field conditions, Tr 8010200-29R-1R-1R-6R-0R was selected for further evaluations. It was included in yield trials in main Research Stations in warm and semi arid areas of the country, together with other 24 wheat lines, as well as the widely grown improved cheek cultivar Zagros. Results revealed that this line is more tolerant to drought, yellow rust, leaf rust and produces significantly higher and stable yield. This line is earlier in spike emergence and maturity than Zagros, with mean grain yield of 3.77 tha-1. Its plant height and thousand kernel weight are about 90 cm and 37g, respectively. Its grain color is white and its grain protein content is 10.5%. Based on these superiorities and good performance, the new line was released in 2000, under the name of Kohdasht.