ghadim

Selection of appropriate pavements deicing materials is one of the main concerns of roads maintenance officials. Investigations show that many researches have been carried out on effects of deicing/anti-icing materials on concrete, however a few researches have evaluated the effects of these materials on asphalt mixtures and these few researches have generally concentrated on moisture susceptibility of asphalt mixtures. In the current study, asphalt mixtures specimens were compacted by gyratory compactor and then were cut into semi-circular specimens. Each of specimens was subjected to water and sodium chloride (NaCl), calcium chloride (CaCl2), calcium magnesium chloride (CMA) and potassium acetate (KA) solutions. Fracture toughness of specimens was measured at three temperatures of 0, -10 and -20 °C using semi-circular bending (SCB) specimen test. Tests results showed that the effects of deicing materials on fracture toughness of asphalt mixture specimens were different at three temperatures. At the temperature of 0 °C, the destructive effect of deicing materials on the fracture toughness of the asphalt mixtures was not observed, while at the temperatures of -10 °C or -20 °C, some of deicing materials could decrease the fracture toughness of the asphalt mixtures. Meanwhile the moisture susceptibility tests results indicated that the deicing materials had no destructive effect on the moisture susceptibility of the asphalt mixtures.        

Geomorphic indices of active tectonics are useful tools to analyze of the active tectonics in a large area. These indices have the advantage of being calculate from the software and remote sensing packages over large area as a reconnaissance tool to identify geomorphic anomalies possibly related to active tectonics. This is particulary valuable in Ajichai basins where relatively little work on active tectonics based on this method was done, so this method is new and useful. Based upon valuable of the stream length-gradient index(SL), drainage basins asymmetry(Af), hypsometric integral (Hi), ratio of valley-floor width to valley height (Vf), drainage basins index shape (Bs), and index of mauntain front sinuosity (Smf), we used an overall index (Iat), that is a combination of the other indices that divides the landscape into four classes of relative tectonic activity. The moderate class of Iat is mainly in the class 2 (high), with 1045.46 Km2 ,11.26 percent, class 3 (moderate), with 2940.67 Km2 ,31.67 percent and with 5297.30 Km2 ,57.06 percent occupying of all zone. The stream network asymmetry (T) was also studied using morphometric measures of Transverse Topographic Symmetry. Analysis of the drainage basins and sub-basins in the study area results in a field of T-vectors that defines anomalous zone of the basins asymmetry. A comparison of T index clearly consist with the values and classes of active tectonics indices and the overall Iat index.

This research try to deal with Review the performance measurement in supply chain management (Case Study: IKCO, Iran) and the main question of the research has raised as following: what are the affective factors on performance measurement in supply chain management and how will their prioritization be based on Friedman's Test? The methodology of this research is a kind of applicable descriptive – survey. Statistical population of this research is 63 related managers, top experts and experts of IKCO. After choosing the sample size, validity of questionnaire was appraised by using Cronbach's alpha coefficient that it was efficient and useful. For examining the normality of data distribution of statistical group, Kolmogorov – Smirnoff test was used. Obtained results from examination of conceptual model of research and testing of its hypotheses showed that the distribution of data in statistical group is abnormal. Ranking of examined main factors in conceptual model was conducted on Friedman test. Then for examination of level of main effective factors t-test was used.

In this study, fatty acid (FA) composition of aerial parts of selected Salvia species from Iran was analyzed by Gas chromatography. The amount of FAs was quantified for leaf and shoot of species as mg per kg (mg/kg) of dry weight. The results showed that FA contents of aerial parts for studied plants varied significantly and changed between 73.05 and 739.50 mg/kg of dried weight. Caprylic (C8:0, 1.00-380.49 mg/kg), elaididc (C18:1n9t, 0.73-97.29 mg/kg), stearic (C18:0, 1.1-62.97 mg/kg), palmitic (C16:0, 1.19-36.48 mg/kg), and α-linoleic (C18:3n3, 1.34-19.36 mg/kg) acid were major identified FAs. The numerical analyze was applied on FA composition of shoot and leaf of specimens and the shoot FA composition was selected to identify the systematic position of studied species. The UPGMA (Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic Mean) dendrogram showed that the species were grouped in two clusters. Caprylic acid (C8:0), behenic acid (C22:0), and lignoceric acid (C24:0) were chief characters in the infrageneric grouping the species in the genus. S. chloroleuca and S. atropatanawere placed in cluster I and separated from other species based on shoot FA composition. The discrimination of Salvia species based on their botanical classification was supported by results. The results confirmed that FA composition of shoot are distinguishable and can be used as chemotaxonomic markers.

Every organization, which is a provider of services or products, is always responsible for seeking the client’s comments as feedback in order to identify the shortcomings. On the basis of such comments, organizational plans can go through growth and improvement phases. The present study, from the point of view of client tendency, is aimed at measuring the rate of satisfaction of students of Ardabil University of Medical sciences with faculties, educational management, student-cultural management, and counselling units.
As many as 705 students from all faculties of Ardabil University of Medical Sciences participated in this descriptive study. The main instrument for data collection was a questionnaire whose validity and reliability were examined and approved by the face validity method and Cronbach’s alpha coefficient (0.816). In the first step, data was investigated through descriptive statistical methods, while independent t-test and ANOVA analysis were used in the next stage to determine the difference between group comments.
The results indicate that in terms of student satisfaction, the following dimensions have gained a higher score than average: colleges (female: 4.13 and male: 4.09), educational administration (female: 4.01 and male: 4.5), and counselling centre (female: 3.39 and male: 3.35). Also, student cultural management indicated a below-average satisfaction score (female: 1.85 and male: 1.99).
Student dissatisfaction with the practices of student-cultural management and the counselling unit is a shortcoming, which requires the people in charge to take necessary measures to improve the quality of affairs.

The aim of this study was to determine the treatment outcome of humeral shaft fractures with a locked rigid intramedullary nail in patients indicated for surgical treatment. In this descriptive-cross sectional study, all patients were followed up for one, six, and 18 months post operatively. The Short Form Questionnaire (SF-36) and Constant Shoulder Score were applied. Of 78 included patients (mean age: 35), one patient had a soft tissue infection, one had secondary radial nerve palsy, eight had non-union, one had elbow limited range of motion in extension, and three patients had decreased shoulder range of motion. The Constant Shoulder Score and Short Form Questionnaire Score (SF-36) increased in all patients, although aged women showed lower improvement. Intramedullary nail fixation in the humeral shaft fracture may be associated with high rates of non-union.

This paper is concerned with investigation of vertical impedance function of a surface rigid circular foundation resting on a semi-infinite transversely isotropic alluvium. To this end, the equations of motion in cylindrical coordinate system, which because of axissymmetry are two coupled equations, are converted into one partial differential equation using a method of potential function. The governing partial differential equation for the potential function is solved via implementing Hankel integral transforms in radial direction. The vertical and radial components of displacement vector are determined with the use of transformed displacement-potential function relationships. The mixed boundary conditions at the surface are satisfied by specifying the traction between the rigid foundation and the underneath alluvium in a special function space introduced in this paper, where the vertical displacements are forced to satisfy the rigid boundary condition. Through exercising these restraints, the normal traction and then the vertical impedance function are obtained. The results are then compared with the existing results in the literature for the simpler case of isotropic half-space, which shows an excellent agreement. Eventually, the impedance functions are presented in terms of dimensionless frequency for different materials. The method presented here may be used to obtain the impedance function in any other direction as well as in buried footing in layered media.

Tibial shaft fracture is the most common fractures of long bones. The aim of this study was to report the short-term results of intramedullary (IM) nailing in tibial shaft fractures in emergency setting. In a prospective study، 226 cases (193 men، 33 women) treated with IM nailing during 2 years (2009-2011) in a training hospital in Rasht-Iran، and followed for two years. The mean age was 34±3 years old. We investigated for open or closed fractures، accompanied with fibular fractures، proneal nerve or anterior tibialis artery injury، degenerative changes in knee joint، knee pain، atrophy of quadericeps muscle، malunion، chronic osteomyelitis، delayed union، and nonunion. Short musculoskeletal function assessment questionnaire (SMFA) was also completed and the data were analysed by statistical software. There were 151 Open fractures and 75 closed fractures. Open procedure was used in 155 cases and closed one in 71 cases. Knee pain was the most frequenct and non union the least common complication. Musculoskeletal limitation appeared more in open fractures and in association with fibular fracture and was more in female than male patients (p<. 001). SMFA score also raised by passing time. Intramedullary nailing is a proper and effective method in emergency treatment of tibial shaft fractures.

An infinitely long hollow cylinder containing isotropic linear elastic materials is considered to be under the effect of arbitrary boundary stress and thermal condition. The two-dimensional coupled thermoelastodynamic PDEs are specified based on motion and energy equations، which are uncoupled using Deresiewicz-Zorski potential functions. The Laplace integral transform and Bessel-Fourier series are used to derive solutions for the potential functions، then the displacements-، stresses- and temperature-potential relationships are used to determine displacements، stresses and temperature fields. It is shown that the formulation presented here is collapsed on the solution existed in the literature for a simpler case of axis-symmetric configuration. To solve the equation used and evaluate the displacements، stresses and temperature at any point and time، a numerical procedure is needed. In this case، the numerical inversion method proposed by Durbin is applied to evaluate the inverse Laplace transforms of different functions involved in this paper. For numerical inversion، there exist many difficulties such as singular points in the integrand functions، infinite limit of the integral and the time step of integration. Finally، the desired functions are numerically evaluated and the results show that the boundary conditions are accurately satisfied. The numerical evaluations are presented graphically to make engineering sense for the problem involved in this paper for different cases of boundary conditions. The results also indicate that although the thermal induced wave propagates with an infinite velocity، the time lag of receiving stress waves with significant amplitude is not zero. The effect of thermal boundary conditions are shown to be somehow oscillatory، which is due to reflective boundary conditions and may be used in designing of such an element.

To determine the effect of trabeculectomy on cataract formation or progression in patients with chronic glaucoma. This controlled clinical trial was performed on patients over 50 years of age with glaucoma who were referred to Imam Hossein Hospital, Tehran, Iran, from 2006 to 2007. Trabeculectomy was indicated only in one eye while the fellow eye had well-controlled intraocular pressure with medication(s). The fellow eyes served as controls. Lens opacity was evaluated using three criteria: visual acuity (VA), and Lens Opacification Classification System III (LOCS III) photographs and scores. Overall 82 eyes of 41 patients including 53.7% male and 46.3% female subjects with mean age of 62.5±9.3 (range 50-75) years were evaluated. Cataract progression in operated eyes was statistically significant according to VA (P=0.02), LOCS III photo-graphs (P=0.05) and LOCS III scores (P=0.01). However, compared to fellow control eyes, cataract progression was significant according to VA (P=0.023) and LOCS III scores (P=0.057) but not based on LOCS III photographs. Mean VA reduction was 2 Snellen lines in operated eyes; there were 3 cases of cataract formation or progression without reduced VA. Cataracts seem to progress following trabeculectomy; therefore it might be advisable to perform a combined procedure in older patients with moderate lens opacities.