h. farahmand

Cyprinid herpes virus 3 (CyHV-3) is a significant threat to the production of common carp and koi, resulting in high mortality rates and posing a risk to the long-term sustainability of carp aquaculture. The presence of this disease in Iran has been confirmed by the veterinary organization and reported to OIE, with evidence suggesting its presence since 2021 in Iranian Koi and carp farms. Given the economic importance and rapid spread of CyHV-3, this review aims to provide a comprehensive summary of the current knowledge and research on the virus and its disease in Iran and worldwide.  The fish farmers and authorities in the country need to take necessary measures to prevent the spread of the disease and mitigate its impact on the aquaculture industry.

The evolution of fish populations and adaptation to habitat conditions cause morphological differences between them. This study was conducted to investigate morphological variations between Southern Nase, Chondrostoma regium, populations in the sub-basins of the Persian Gulf basin, including the three-border western sub-basins, Karkheh and Karun, using geometric morphometric techniques. For this purpose, samplings were performed from the rivers of Alvand by 18 specimens, 24 from Behesht-Abad, 18 from Beshar (sub-basin of Karun), 14 from Diverab, and 6 from Homeil during 2018-2020. To extract body shape data, the left side of specimens was photographed, and 15 landmark points were digitized on obtained 2D pictures using tpsDig2. The extracted data were analyzed using multivariate analysis, including canonical variates analysis (MANOVA/CVA) and cluster analysis after GPA superimposition. The results revealed a significant difference between the Southern Nase populations of the studied rivers based on the body shape (P<0.05). The main differences in the body shape between the studied populations were in the head shape and size, body depth, snout position, and pectoral fin base. The results indicate the high phenotypic plasticity of this species in diverse habitats.

The different aspects of using dietary supplements such as prebiotics in aquaculture and their effects on innate immune response, and especially their vertical transmission, are of a grave importance. To address such issues in both horizontal and vertical transmission of boosting immune system, the present study was designed to investigate the effect of different levels of dietary Agrimos® on the innate immune-related gene expression [Lysozyme (Lyz) and Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha (TNFα)], DNA methylation, and three Histone MethylTransferase [HMTs (H3K4, H3K9, H3K27)] activities as well as growth performance in zebrafish (Danio rerio). Three hundred and sixty healthy 24-days-old zebrafish were randomly distributed in twelve aquaria assigned to four groups. Zebrafish were fed with either control diet or a diet supplemented by different levels (0.2, 0.4, and 0.8%) of Agrimos® for 90 days. The offspring of each treatment was assessed to find the potential of vertical transmission of immunity by using this dietary prebiotic. At the end of the experiment, gene expression studies revealed significant up-regulation (P˂ 0.05) of TNFα and Lyz genes in 0.2 and 0.4% Agrimos® fed fish compared with the control group. Although our findings showed that supplemented diet reduced DNA methylation (P˂ 0.05) in Agrimos® treatments compared with the control, there was no significant change in all three HMTs’ activities among experimental groups (P> 0.05). The result shows the successful transmission of Lyz gene expression as an innate immune response to the offspring of the treated adults and supports a direct role of DNA demethylation in the regulation of these candidate gene expressions, suggesting possible role of diet on regulating the epigenetic processes.

Farming of the pacific  white leg shrimp (Penaeus vannamei), consists the greatest percent of aquaculture production of crustaceans all over the world. Vibriosis caused by Vibrio species such as Vibrio alginolyticus, is a serious limiting agent for aquaculture. Phage therapy is an eco-friendly alternative to antibiotics as a prophylactic measure for the growth of pathogenic bacteria. The aim of this study was isolation and characterization of Vibriophages present in Litopenaeus vannamei breeding and culture facilities and estuarine resources in south west of Iran, Choebdeh shrimp farming site of Abadan city, Khuzestan Province, based on morphological structure, biological conditions and their potential applications in lysis of Vibrio bacteria. The bacterial and phage samples were analyzed using different physicochemical parameters, 16S rRNA gene sequencing and TEM. The results showed the V. alginolyticus isolates and identified the Podoviridae family of phages. These bacterial isolates were resistant to ampicillin and penicillin. The efficacy of the Podoviridae phage against V. alginolyticus bacterium indicated that this phage has a short period of 30 minutes latent phase, possessed a desirable stability and growth in keeping for 1 hour at 30-55oC, the salinity of 0.5-10  and pH of 5-8. Based on evaluation of phage therapy, mean absorbance values (OD600), in control and treatment groups, at 12 and 24 hours after phage inoculation, were significantly different (p<0.05). According to the results, phage therapy with single-phage suspensions did not prevent bacterial regrowth after treatment. However, delay in development of resistance is a desirable success.

Siah Mahi، Capoeta capoeta gracilis، is a predominant fish in the river systems of the south Caspian Sea basin. Although there is evidence of the geographical divergence of this taxon، but no information is available on genetic differences within the subspecies populations. This study was designed to evaluate variation and differentiation in the Tajan River and investigation Shahid Rajaii dam effects upon Siah Mahi. A total 65 specimens were collected by electeroshocker set that 31 individual related to up stream station and 35 individual related to down stream station. Ten random 10-mer primers were primarily scored in 5 individuals from each of two stations and finally 6 primers، which shown polymorphic pattern repeatable، were selected and use in the final analysis of two locations. Totally 89 polymorphic band (marker) gained. Lengths of PCR products were between 50-1000 bp. Analyzing the PCR product data shown that the mean difference between the two stations was 0. 478. In view of the fact that in. /5 mean genetic distance between two species، separated those from each other، as a result related two stations in a large quantity separated from each other. Results of Principle Coordinate Analysis or PCOA showed that two stations are separated from each other. The unweighted pair group method with averages (UPGMA) dendrogram based on Jaccard´s index also showed these stations are separated. There are perfect similarities between results of morphometric factor and morphometric spacialities. Based on the results، we conclude that RAPD fingerprinting was a useful technique in genetic discriminating the population of Siah Mahi.