h. maleki

To improve any educational system systematic evaluations of curricula are a must. However, this necessary activity is faced with many barriers in Iran which need to be first identified and ranked if they are to be remedied or removed. To this end, the opinions of two groups of teachers and administrators were sought using a questionnaire with assumed validity and internal consistency of 0.94. The first group consisted of 30 accessible individuals, and the second a randomly selected sample consisting of 350 such individuals. Data analysis revealed that in the opinions of the participants, five major barriers confronting curriculum evaluations in Iran can be identified: five internal software barriers, seven external barriers, barriers related to implementation of the evaluation results, international barriers, and internal hardware barriers.

Given that education, in general, is preparation for future life, moral training programs should also be geared towards students’ future needs. In order to explore the extent to which currently used programs adhere to this tenet, or should, a sample of 39 articles from among all articles published on the subject during the 2000-2021 period was accumulated to the point of saturation and plentifulness of the data. The criteria for article selection were the year of publication, being research-based, and containment of relevant material needed for categorization. Categorization of the contained concepts is based on their being either open or central/pivotal. Based on the deduced concepts a three dimensional framework for students’ moral training, with the objective of highest achievement on the cognitive, affective, and behavioral levels, was developed. This framework clearly shows the implications of the moral training programs as they relate to a range of concepts from different types of cognition, to responsibility and desired citizenship.

In any society, schools have crucial importance when it comes to improving social and interpersonal relationships and solving social problems. One of the best ways to solve social problems is to identify communication problems and provide training in communication skills from lower ages, particularly in primary school. Therefore, the present study poses the question: what interpersonal and social problems can be found in second-grade primary schoolchildren? This study has been conducted using the qualitative content analysis method with a summative approach. Analyzing interview transcripts with 20 teachers from three different school districts in the city of Tehran (Districts 15, 16, and 19) led to eight different categories identified for students' interpersonal and social problems: 1. problems regarding controlling emotions and creating tension, 2. problems arising in discourse or getting one's message across, 3. collaboration and teamwork problems, 4. problems in problem-solving and thinking, 5. character-wise problems, 6. self-protection problems, 7. problems in intrapersonal communication, and 8. weaknesses in making friends. From teachers' point of view, communication problems cannot be solved by providing students with instructions alone; some variables need to be taken into consideration and changed and revised significantly, such as harmony among different institutions (i.e. families, neighborhoods, school, the media, etc.), teachers' skills, the number of students, students' grade, how long training lasts, the adequacy of school personnel as well the education content itself.

Based on the theoretical foundation of the study, it was hypothesized that the combination of curriculum with different types of tourism can help with the attainment of educational goals in different areas. A sample of 108 students and professors in three fields of Curriculum Planning, Educational Administration, and Tourism Management at Allameh Tabataba’i University provided the needed data. Descriptive and inferential analyses of the collected data revealed that all research hypotheses were supported at a confidential level of 0.95. In other words, combining religious tourism with the curriculum can help with the goals of moral and religious education, just as scientific and occupational tourism can do the same in the areas of economic, vocational, and technological education. Furthermore, socio-historical tourism, once combined with the curricula in socio-political education can help with the realization of the goals in this area, just as recreational and nature tourism on the one hand, and art and culture tourism, on the other, can do the same in the related areas.

Patience is one of the most essential religious teachings that play an important role in preventing and treating students' mental disorders. The Qur'an's great attention to patience is due to its religious and moral value. Patience is both a worldly necessity and a religious necessity that contributes to human growth and development. In this regard, this study aimed to develop a patience-based model in elementary school based on Islamic teachings using the Delphi technique.

The documentary analysis section analyzed related Islamic sources and teachings, including the Qur'an and Nahj al-Balagha, and the available articles. In the Delphi technique section, the statistical population included professors, doctoral students, and faculty members of the related field of study who were selected by purposeful sampling (31 data satellites). Participant review and expert review strategies have been used to validate. For this purpose, the coding of the analysis was provided by three researchers with a coefficient of agreement of 0.89.

The findings showed that in the document analysis section, 45 codes were extracted from the Qur'an, Nahj al-Allah, and scientific papers and documents. Following the document content analysis, the extracted codes were merged and a questionnaire was prepared to implement the Delphi technique. Based on the Delphi method, out of 45 indexes of content analysis, 42 key indices remained in 4 components. The four components consisted of the target component of 21 indicators, the content of 8 indicators, the method of 7 indicators and the evaluation of 6 indicators. This model provides the grounds for human growth and excellence on the one hand and resistance to the issues and problems facing students, so I recommend the implementation of this model for elementary school.

Formalizing goals and objectives within any organization is influenced by many socio-historical factors. To identify the trend in which educational goals and objectives within the Iranian educational system have evolved in terms of the approach, pattern, performance, and attending to individual differences, a historical analysis was undertaken. Findings are indicative of four eras: first, the compulsory formal schooling era from 1909-1952, second, the compulsory, and free schooling era from 1953-1964, third, the social/educational reform era from1965-1987, and fourth, the Islamic era from1988-2018. The approach taken in almost all eras, and unlike the second stage of the fourth era, has been one in which competencies are not emphasized. The pattern, too, has been hierarchical and single directional. As a result, in practice, the goals and objectives have leaned mostly towards being reductionist and solely used for the purpose of determining what needs to be done in different school subjects. Although in all eras, the development of individual abilities has been, more or less, the main focus of the curriculum planners, but the hierarchical and single directional formalization of the goals and objectives has been the main obstacle on its achievement. The main reasons for this failure are the gap between decision makings at the higher levels of the organization and the practice arena, limited experience and expertise, lack of understanding the implementation complexities, and not having enough attention paid to the role played by the implementers as the main players.

In this article, the structural, magnetic, morphological and optical properties of Cobalt ferrite nanoparticles are investigated and compared with Cobalt ferrite thin film. Cobalt ferrite nanoparticles were prepared by auto-combustion Sol-gel method and Cobalt ferrite thin film was prepared by Sol-gel and Spin-coating methods. Structural properties of the samples were investigated using X-ray diffraction spectroscopy and followed by Rietveld and Williamson-Hall analysis. The magnetic properties of the samples, were investigated using the .vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) and the Faraday magneto-optical effect tests. The morphology of the samples were performed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and field emission electron microscopy (FESEM). Finally, the optical and band gap of the samples were calculated using UVVis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy.

The stability analysis of slender structures requires carrying out geometrically nonlinear analysis. Following the nonlinear equilibrium path, it is possible to understand the phenomenon of collapse or buckling, or the total bearing capacity of structures. Nonlinear equilibrium equations in analysis structures are often solved using the Newton-Raphson method, which is an incremental / iterative procedure. However, the method diverges when it reaches a limit point; therefore, only a part of the curve is obtained. To overcome the diculties with limit points, displacement control techniques were introduced, and the arc-length method is among those displacement control methods developed in an eort to enable solution algorithms to pass critical points. The arc-length control method often fails to draw the equilibrium path after passing bifurcation and turning points. This is mostly due to the fact that the corrector steps are not carried out in the proper direction around such points "To overcome this issue, several criteria have been presented to predict the correct direction of the predictor step. Some of these methods have been investigated and discussed by means of numerical experiments; in this research, simple two-dimensional truss structures were chosen in order to keep analysis time short. The criterion recently introduced by Feng, Owen and Peric, showed itself to be insensible to bifurcation and turning points, and, therefore, has been successfully applied to draw entire equilibrium paths containing such points. In this research, the criteria of the sign of predictor solution methods and the eects of these methods for the arc-length control method were studied and implemented using Matlab software. In addition to existing methods, a new method was proposed, whose verication by these examples is investigated. The choice of a proper scaling parameter, , was demonstrated to have a great in uence on the performance of the arc-length method. In the analyzed problems, the use of = 0 produced the best performance of the method, regarding convergence and computing time.