h.r. moradi

This paper intends to establish several inequalities employing the Cartesian decomposition of the operator. We used the results to determine the Berezin number inequalities. Our results extend and improve some earlier inequalities. 

‎We obtain some new Jensen-Mercer type inequalities for log-convex functions‎. ‎Indeed‎, ‎we establish refinement and reverse for the Jensen-Mercer inequality for log-convex functions‎. ‎Several new Hermite-Hadamard and Fej\'er types of inequalities are also presented‎.‎

Estimation of actual evapotranspiration (ET) in large areas is an important part of water resources management. In recent years, remote sensing has been successfully used in ET estimation, which is supposed to be more accurate for estimating ET on regional and agricultural scales. The main aim of this investigation is to evaluate the efficiency of two algorithms namely Surface Energy Balance Algorithms for Land (SEBAL) and Mapping ET at high Resolution with Internalized Calibration (METRIC) algorithms for estimating actual ET from agricultural lands in Davarsen County, Iran. Accordingly, six Landsat 8 OLI/TIR satellite images and Lysimeter data installed in these lands were used. The amounts of actual ET were estimated using two algorithms and the obtained results were compared with Lysimeter data. Based on the results of evaluation, Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) of 0.54 and 0.64 mm day-1, Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE) criteria of  0.85 and 0.79, Mean Bias Error (MBE) of 0.04 and 0.02 mm day-1, Mean Absolute Error (MAE) of 0.42 and 0.48 mm day-1 and coefficient of determination  (R2) of 0.86 and 0.82 were estimated for SEBAL and METRIC algorithms, respectively. These statistical indices show that these algorithms have a high accuracy for estimating actual ET in the study area. The executive applications of this study can be used to determine the exact amount of evapotranspiration in irrigated lands for water allocation planning, optimization of crop production, irrigation management and assessment of land use change on water efficiency.

This paper is mainly devoted to studying operator Jensen inequality. More precisely, a new generalization of Jensen inequality and its reverse version for convex (not necessary operator convex) functions have been proved. Several special cases are discussed as well.

Investigate variation of groundwater resource is very important in planning and sustainable management of water resource in each region. Quantitative and qualitative properties of ground water are changed in spatial and temporal scales; therefore it con not presumed fixed these properties. The goal of this study was investigate temporal and spatial variation ground water level in Kermanshah plain in annual، season and month in a 20 years period from 1991 to 2011 by using groundwater data of 61 piezometric wells. After was controlling of quality، accuracy and normality of data and Reconstruction of the statistical deficiencies، we used Kriging interpolation method for zoning variation of annual، season، and month، As well as Thiesson Polygon Method was used for variation of average height of piezometric level in Kermanshah plain. The diagram of height variation of piezometric level in each wells showed that preference of interpolation method compare to Thiesson Polygon Method. Assessment of results showed that average height of table groundwater during statistical period was felled 9. 9 meter (0. 49m in year)، whereas fall variation in some of wells showed fall is upper 30m.

One of the effects and consequences of air pollution is acidic rain phenomenon. In the past two decades in some industrial areas and factories on the activities of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide in air has increased. These two materials in the atmosphere with oxygen and water vapor create a chemical reaction and to nitric and sulfuric acid are converted. In this study, in order to investigate the sensitivity of erosion and sediment yield of Aghajari Formation to acidic rainfall, parts of Margha watershed area in Izeh Township are selected with the area of 1609 hectare. This investigation in order to determine productivity runoff and sediment in 8 points and with 3 replicates in aghajari formation in different intensities 1, 1/25 mm in min and in the intensities of distilled water and 4, 5 acidic water in four aspects of northern, southern, eastern, western with using kamphorst rain simulator was done. In order to analyze statistical was used SPSS and EXCEL packages. The highest of runoff and sediment rates in aghajari formation in 1, 1/25 mm in min are related to 4 acidic rainfalls. The rainfall of 5 acidic also runoff and sediment is more than the rain of distilled water. The rates changes in infiltration and threshold runoff in rainfall different intensities also showed significant difference.

The aim of present research is landslide hazard zoning using Bayesian theory in a part of Golestan province. For this purpose, landslides inventory map was created by landslide locations of landslide database (392 landslide locations). Then, the maps of effective parameters in landslide such as slope degree, aspect, altitude, slope curvature, geology, land use, distance of drainage, distance of road, distance of fault, stream power index (SPI), sediment transport index (STI), and rainfall were prepared in GIS environment. Relationship between effective factors and landslide locations were considered using Bayesian probability theory. In the next step, parameters classes weights were found and the landslide susceptibility mapping was achieved by fourteen modeling approaches (using whole parameters and deleting parameters one by one). The verification results by ROC curve and 30% landslide locations showed that the Bayesian probability model has 71.37% accuracy for the second approach of modeling in the study area.

In this study landslides occurred in a part of Haraz watershed were determined using aerial photos and field studies, then landslide hazard zonation was determined using geomorphological factors (slope, aspect and elevation) and geological factors (lithology and distance fault) as the most important effective factors on landslide hazard. So each of the effective factors as information layer was used in ILWIS environment for analysis based on fuzzy set theory using MATLAB 7.1 software before that membership functions were determined for each effective element on landslide. Then output of software computed hazard for each pixel inacase study map transformed to ILWIS software environment and landslide hazard zonation was made using fuzzy Gaussian and Triangular membership functions. Evaluation of results showed that landslide hazard mapping using gaussian membership function QS (0.23) is more accurate in comparison with map made by using triangular membership function QS (0.0515).

Construction of underground dams in mountainous stream is an appropriate solution for water resources development and provision. The aim of this study is to select suitable sites for underground dams in the West Tehran Province. The integrated system of a multi- criteria decision making (MCDM) by use of geographic information system (GIS) in the form of measured spatial decision support system (SDSS) was used for this study. Based on these criteria, with the help of the analtical hierarchical process(AHP) method, the land surface divided into smaller components. The criteria in each component (level) were prioritized using paired comparison method. Layers of information needed to prepare the weight of each factors were calculated in the GIS environment.Then, by use of SMCE Module in ILWIS 3.6 software, the decision tree employed and finally based on mentioned criteria, prioritization has been performed. Results show that water criterion in comparison to other criteria is the most important one.

The Clark method is one of the most applicable techniques for development of instantaneous unit hydrograph whose efficacy depends upon the accuracy in estimating storage coefficient. The present study was conducted in Kasilian watershed in Mazandaran Province to determine the efficiency of developed hydrograph using Clark's method and to compare the Muskingum storage coefficients obtained through graphical, Clark, Linsley, Mitchell, Johnstone-Cross and Eaton methods. To this aim, the time-area histogram of the study watershed was initially developed. The 3h-unit hydrograph was then derived using the data collected in Sangedeh climatological and Valikbon hydrometric stations. The efficiency of Clark’s instantaneous unit hydrograph developed based on 6 methods for calculation of Muskingum storage coefficient was ultimately compared with the observed average 3h-unit hydrograph of the study area. The results of the study revealed that the Clark’s instantaneous unit hydrograph obtained from graphical method for estimation of storage coefficient with estimation error of less than 33.33% and efficiency coefficient of 83% could suitably simulate different components of the observed average unit hydrograph for the study watershed.

Using of different systems of soil plough after changing unconsciously and non-scientific of land use, other soil physical and chemical characteristics affected. This fact, especially in marginal lands and mountainous regions is more visible. This research compared with the purpose of studying land use changing on some soil physical and chemical characters like very tiny sand percent, pH, Ec, clay percent, sand percent, silt percent, soil moisture, calcium carbonate in Gachsaran and Aaghajari formation. So that in aghajari formation 7 points and with 3 replicates and in gachsaran formation 6 points and with replicates in three land uses range, residential and agricultural land uses sampling of soil was done. Sampling of the depth 0-20 cm soil was done. After tests implement are concerned, the results were investigated. According to the results, range land in two Aghajari and Gachsaran formations in terms of clay percent, sand, EC, pH, moisture and Calcium Carbonate a meaningful difference have, and in other cases was not seen any disagreement. between agriculture land use in two Aghajari and Gachsaran formations in terms of very tiny sand percent, sand, clay, moisture and calcium carbonate meaningful difference have, and in other cases was not seen any disagreement. In residential land use in two Gachsaran and Aghajari formations only in clay percent and EC, there are a meaningful difference, and in other cases was not seen any disagreement. In each formation also land uses had effective role in soil physical and chemical characteristics.

Flood Damage is one of the most important problems in many countries. There are different methods for flood controlling by using indentification of flooding areas. Because most of the watersheds have different flooding seasons, the present study is going to comparison of temporal prioritizing of flooding of Kooshkabad sub-watersheds in Razavi province using HEC-HMS model. In this study we used of SCS hydrologic simulation method at Rainfall-Runoff transformation on sub-watersheds area, and Muskingum routing method on main channels for abtain of watershed outlet flood hydrograph after determination of data for flood hydrograph. Than we calculated prioritization of sub-watersheds to point of flooding conception using HEC-HMS model and we calibrated it on initial adsorption and curve number and lag time parameters in springal and Summer-Autumnal hydrologic priods. Than we prioritized particitation amount of sub-watersheds on peak flood discharge and flood volume in every hydrologic period, using one to one delet of sub-watersheds in flood routing. Paired samples t-test have used for indication of significant difference to point of statistical in temporal prioritizing of sub-watersheds flooding.The results of this research show that participitation amount of sub-watersheds on outlet peak flood discharge and flood volume in different periods is significant.

Discharge routing as a mathematic process to forecast the changes of greatness, speed and form of flood wave is function of time in one or more points along drainage, canal or reservoir. Hydrologic and hydraulic methods are used to accomplish the flood routing. Although hydrologic method is less accurate than hydraulic methods but it is simpler to use in flood control and designing works with acceptable confidence. This study has been conducted for flood routing in Lighvan River from Lighvam hydrometric station to Hervy hydrometric station in eastern Azerbaijan Province in a distance the 12 Km. The discharge for different return periods (2, 10, 20, 50 and 100 years) was calculated by using upstream stations data. Then routing of every flood discharge was studied with different return periods by Muskingum and Muskingum-Cunge methods. Results showed significant difference between calculated discharges routing by two methods with discharge values to relate that return period in Hervy hydrometric station. The reasons of exist this different, is numerous for example mountain location this area and to exist sub drainage in between two stations and etc.