javad naserian

In the era of technological explosion and complexity of social relations in organizations, educational systems have the highest number of social interactions and require the development of social capital, especially in their management department. Developed and competent managers with social capital index standards are more successful in fulfilling their role. Therefore, the current research aims to investigate the structural role of social capital in the professional development model of managers using thematic analysis, interviews and document studies as data collection tools, with a statistical population of elementary school managers in Alborz province and a targeted sample of twelve people. The results of the research indicate the existence of the following components: individual competencies, interpersonal competencies, personality and motivational competencies, creative competencies, social competencies, and managerial competencies, which, in the field of social and managerial competencies, witness the greatest role of social capital, especially in the communication dimension.

Increasing awareness and concerns about environmental damages has led communities to take solutions to this problem. Taxation of pollutant emissions is one of the strategies recommended by economists to achieve some of the environmental objectives and eliminate contamination. The purpose of this study is to estimate the willingness to pay an environmental tax on gasoline.

In this study, a conditional valuation method (CVM) is used to measure individuals' willingness to pay for goods and services. The statistical population of this research is gasoline-fueled cars in Mashhad in 2017, due to the lack of information on the number of vehicles, the number of unlimited society has been considered. In this study, 500 people were selected by simple random sampling method. A researcher-made questionnaire was used to collect data. It’s validity was confirmed using content validity.

The results indicate that 77 percent of all respondents tend to pay environmental taxes on urban air, while 22 percent of the population are not willing to pay any amount under the name of the pollution tax. Approximately 3% have not been self-reported regarding their willingness to pay.

Based on the research findings, environmental beliefs has a positive and significant effect on the willingness to pay tax on gasoline; therefore, it is suggested that cultural and informational platforms be developed before clarifying the need for environmental taxes before planning for such a tax.

Obesity in childhood can cause obesity and its related complications in adulthood. This study was aimed to determine the correlateion between obesity among female adolescents and its related complications of Tehran schools in 2011. In this cross-sectional study, 810 female adolescents, aged 12-16 years old, studying in schools of Tehran University of Medical Sciences were selected using multi-stage random sampling. Height and weight of the participants were measured and their BMI calculated. Data were collected using a questionnaire. Validity and reliability of the questionnaire was confirmed using content validity and test-retest. Using BMI, the participants were categorized into obese(BMI>95 percentile for age and gender) and overweight(BMI between 85 and 95 percentiles for age and gender) individuals. Data were analyzed using the Chi-squared test, Fisher's exact test, ANOVA, and multivariate logistic analysis. The prevalence of overweight and obesity in our study were 4.4%(95% CI 4/2-6/4) and 14/1%(95% CI 10/25-15/3), respectively. There was a statistically significant relationship between obesity and TV watching(p<0.001). Based on our findings, further investigations are recommended to determine factors affecting overweight.

Normal values of cardio-pulmonary and hematic parameters are not the same in different populations rather these reference values are influenced by a variety of factors including age gender genetics and geographical region of living. The aim of this study was to identify the physiological values of pulmonary system in Iranian adult population and obtain the reference equations for these parameters. Sample subjects were randomly selected from cities in different regions of the country. Having been identified the healthy individuals were sent to laboratory. There vital pulmonary parameters including tidal volume forced vital capacity slow vital capacity respiratory rate and forced expiration volume were separately measured in men and women using standard methods and devices by expert researchers observing bioethics. Laboratory conditions were the same for all people in sedentary position and after rest. The obtained results were classified for different age groups of men and women. Applying regression formulas mean values for different age groups were calculated and then reference equations were derived for each parameter as below: TV= -0.035+0.031(sex)+0.003(height) FEV1= -0.651-0.004(age)+0.020(height) RR= 44.791-0.033(age)-0.108(height)-0.035(weight) SVC= -0.424+0.019(height) FVC= 0.842+0.083(sex)+0.010 (height) +0.003(weight). Regarding the obtained reference equations for healthy Iranian population one can calculate and predict pulmonary parameters for an individual using his/her personal features such as age sex height and weight. In other words the mean value of each parameter provides the appropriate standard for that individual. Therefore these values are criteria for normality or abnormality of the measured parameters in that individual.