javaher kooti

The formation of housing has been influenced by cultural, social, economic and political patterns that has evolved in relation to its environment. With the arrival of modernity in Iran from the end of the Qajar period, residential buildings underwent changes in the form, space and body of architecture. The historical context of Tehran has valuable elements that, considering the importance of open and semi-open spaces in the traditional residential architecture of Iran, the analysis of physical developments of open and semi-open spaces in the residential buildings of old Tehran late Qajar and early Pahlavi can be used to achieve the components and Common physical elements in the architecture of traditional buildings in Tehran should be a way forward. By physically documenting the elements of the entrance spaces, it is possible to further examine the field of research and analysis of the dimensions hidden in it. The purpose of this research is to analyze and investigate the physical evolution of the semi-open space in traditional houses in Tehran. This research is based on the descriptive-analytical method, taking into account the spatial background and time position of the research and using the method of field studies in order to identify the physical elements under analysis to divide and identify the houses into 16 cases of houses in the late Qajar and Pahlavi periods. In the continuation of the discussion, SPSS22 software is used to investigate open and semi-open spaces. The findings of the research indicate that in the Qajar period, the use of open and semi-open space in the form of a central courtyard and porch in the architectural spatial structure of traditional houses in Tehran is seen more than the early Pahlavi period. Also, the proportion of open to semi-open spaces and the homogeneity of these spaces in late Qajar houses, despite the influence of modernism, can be seen more than in the early Pahlavi period, which due to the expansion of extroverted forms in the first Pahlavi, the presence of a central courtyard and a semi-open space such as a porch is less noticeable.

Problem statement: 

The role and position of the house in Iranian architecture have been of paramount importance since ancient times, and various patterns influenced by factors such as climate, religion, and culture can be observed in the design of each of them. The principle of privacy, which is one of the valuable principles in Iranian architecture, has also been used in the structure of historical houses. In Iranian houses, this principle is derived from religious, cultural, social beliefs, and other factors in the integration of architectural structure.

This study aims to evaluate the hierarchy of access with an emphasis on privacy and attention to patterns and spaces in the architecture of historical houses in Iran within the framework of the integration of architectural structure and lifestyle, and its impact on the examined samples. According to the research hypothesis, it seems that by using spatial arrangement based on the principles of privacy preservation in houses in Tehran during the late Qajar and early Pahlavi periods, it is possible to achieve functional patterns emphasizing private space and changes in human needs over time.

This research involves examining the privacy hierarchy in the entrances of 8 historical houses in the late Qajar and early Pahlavi periods in Tehran, as well as quantitative analysis and evaluation of spaces. To investigate the principles of indigenous architecture and compare the existing regulations, the mentioned data were collected through field research and analyzed using Spss 22 and Depth Map software. By employing logical reasoning, the correlation between the research criteria in these houses was examined.

The results of this study indicate that attention to the hierarchy of access, entrance, and spatial relationships based on responding to the human needs of the two periods under study are among the most important elements in the design of houses of the mentioned era, leading to the definition of patterns for these houses.which led to the definition of patterns.

Problem statement: 

The Iranian concept of ‘home’ goes beyond the physical aspects and is intertwined with the spiritual characteristics of the audience. In the structure of traditional Iranian houses, the design of the small spaces of the house has been based on the needs of the residents, and these needs have influenced the spatial relationships of the house. Investigating the entrance hierarchy in traditional Iranian houses leads to a better understanding of its design principles for contemporary houses.

This study attempts to investigate the spatial structure of the entrance in the late Qajar and early Pahlavi traditional houses to extract the most important factors affecting the quality of the entrance through the space arrangement technique. What items are important and practical for the analysis and configuration of the entrance space so that they can answer the residents’ need for psychological and identity security?

In the first step, after selecting and examining 8 houses from two different periods, in the next step, the selected samples were analyzed using the space arrangement technique and by DEPTH-MAP software. This method is based on the use of graphs that describe the relationships between spaces through concepts such as connection, depth, integration, selection, and control.

it shows that the structure of traditional houses provides better solutions in the field of entry hierarchy and deprivation, and the spaces around the entrance, especially the courtyard, play a communicative role in the entry system. This study shows that the entrance and its spatial relationships respond to human needs. The two periods in question are the most important physical factors in the Qajar houses and the Pahlavi period, which has analyzed these spaces to achieve the issue of deprivation, which is one of their basic foundations.