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سال بیستم شماره 123 (شهریور 1402)

Problem statement: 

Globalization is an ongoing process whose effects on cities and their micro spaces have not been specified yet. Globalization makes the actions and evolutions in one part of the world affect the other parts. In the contemporary globalized world, where the local (and somehow closed) community has changed to a trans-local, global, or local-global one, many indicators affect our urban life. Therefore, this process is observed with its special dimensions and indicators in the public space arena (both physically and behaviorally).

The present study aims to analyze the most influential components on public spaces and examin how globalization impacts on citizen behavioral patterns in public spaces.

To answer the above questions, the most important effective dimensions of globalization in public spaces have been specified with a macro, critical view, by using the meta-analysis method. The expert questionnaire and statistical analysis have been used to evaluate the reliability and normal distribution of data (with SPSS version 26). The ranking of the components was done by the Fuzzy Delphi method.

The conclusions show that globalization affects the behavioral patterns of contemporary man indirectly, due to its effect on the most important aspects of life. Information technology has catalyzed this by changing the spiritual frontiers in the resultant of three behavioral aspects (necessary, social, and optional) and has made inevitable effects on both two qualitative dimensions of urban space. Virtual communication is the continuous flow of information, values, and according to their effect on public spaces. Therefore, technology development and its subsequent information and communication revolution have had the most effect on urban public spaces during globalization. This in turn clarifies considering the mentioned indicators while designing public spaces in a globalized world.

Issue expression: 

Human image context in Iran's surrealist posters and knowing their designers point of view in ideation, the structure of present study with assumption of creating new images of human as a modern connection way with audience has established.

The purpose of this article is to study human image in Iranian's surrealist posters and interpretation the indexes of expression in their ideation.

Utilizing the descriptive-analytical way in the analysis direction of statistical society of this research, the indexes ideation of those Iran's surrealist posters kind that has been created based on the human image and most of the distinguished instances in 1989 till 2019 period of solar hijri time that has been printed, examines in the terms of structural and content.

The findings indicate that the surrealistic use of human images has been the focus of Iranian artists since ancient times. Consequently, it can be considered that the impacts on modern visual expression in Iran’s surrealistic posters are derived from this view of Iranian artists. The posters, which are often illustrated with various techniques and have a high visual appeal, have emerged in a dreamy way and an innovative combination of visual factors. Therefore, due to their conceptual nature, their understanding of the audience depends on the influence of the works on their inner feelings.

Problem statement: 

The Iranian concept of ‘home’ goes beyond the physical aspects and is intertwined with the spiritual characteristics of the audience. In the structure of traditional Iranian houses, the design of the small spaces of the house has been based on the needs of the residents, and these needs have influenced the spatial relationships of the house. Investigating the entrance hierarchy in traditional Iranian houses leads to a better understanding of its design principles for contemporary houses.

This study attempts to investigate the spatial structure of the entrance in the late Qajar and early Pahlavi traditional houses to extract the most important factors affecting the quality of the entrance through the space arrangement technique. What items are important and practical for the analysis and configuration of the entrance space so that they can answer the residents’ need for psychological and identity security?

In the first step, after selecting and examining 8 houses from two different periods, in the next step, the selected samples were analyzed using the space arrangement technique and by DEPTH-MAP software. This method is based on the use of graphs that describe the relationships between spaces through concepts such as connection, depth, integration, selection, and control.

it shows that the structure of traditional houses provides better solutions in the field of entry hierarchy and deprivation, and the spaces around the entrance, especially the courtyard, play a communicative role in the entry system. This study shows that the entrance and its spatial relationships respond to human needs. The two periods in question are the most important physical factors in the Qajar houses and the Pahlavi period, which has analyzed these spaces to achieve the issue of deprivation, which is one of their basic foundations.

respond to users’ needs is essential. With the advent of the second wave of urban development in developing countries, part of urban fabrics affected by modernist interventions has changed and metamorphosed to the point that they have lost their meaning and function, consequently leading to the degradation of biological values and weakening of the identity of the place. With this continuing trend and the lack of attention to the background, these neighborhoods are being transformed into places devoid of meaning and identity fathomable by citizens.

 This study aims to extract the quality components of urban streets systematically by formulating the process of regenerating urban streets with a focus on promoting identity and analyzing Chaharbagh Street to propose complementary interventions to further promote its identity.

This study used a mixed approach using the descriptive-analytical method. Triangulation was used to strengthen the research and increase the validity of the findings. The focus group method and a public questionnaire were used to collect the data. The data from the focus group were analyzed using coding, and the data from the questionnaire were analyzed using the Friedman method and Pearson correlation coefficient in SPSS.

 The theoretical results revealed essential components of urban streets: access, spatial continuity, safety, and security, inclusiveness, and social mixing, quality of the public space, enclosure and transparency, diversity, mixed land uses, and supporting stakeholders. Modifying accessibility and adjusting the size of urban blocks and mixed land uses, designing urban furniture, and strengthening citizens’ perceptions of space (by increasing legibility, the proportion of new forms, and spatial unity) can improve the identity of Chaharbagh Street in Herat.

Problem statement: 

Children are required to continuously experience and learn, and the space of classrooms should be able to govern the sensory and mental powers of students and improve their learning ability. The research question addresses the shape and design of the elementary classroom and its effect on the quality of teaching methods to determine the most appropriate one.

The study aims to investigate the current classroom environment of elementary schools and its influence on the quality of modern educational methods in Iran.

This is descriptive-analytical research using the content analysis method to analyze the data from library resources, and interviews from the field. The sample included four primary schools in Tehran during the years 2001–2021. The theoretical foundation of the study also points to the influence of spatial design and the shape of the classroom on teaching methods.

According to the results, the elementary classrooms in Iran during the years 2001-2021 have had square and rectangular shapes with vertical and linear directions; the teaching methods in these classes are mostly based on individual, lecture, and discussion methods, which among them, group discussion is considered as the most appropriate one. But unfortunately, due to the linear and axial position of tables, benches, and other equipment in elementary classrooms, this method is not often used by teachers, and the two other individual and lecture methods are more applicable. Moreover, classroom furniture, as one of the architectural components of the classroom, had a significant influence on education. Therefore, it can be concluded that the geometrical shape and the space layout of elementary school classes have a significant role in improving the quality of teaching methods to choose the best one.

Problem statement: 

using art education programs –compiled with defined goals and appropriate approaches would make a positive influence on children. On one hand, it could help them to receive continually the beauties and wonders of the universe to which the art is a suitable implement for this perception growth and promotion. On the other hand, discipline-based art education can be effective in designing educational programs with this goal, focusing on artworks; hence, the research question is what effect does the educational package designed with a discipline-based approach have on children’s perception of aesthetics?

to evaluate the effect of an educational package compiled based on the discipline-based approach on the aesthetic perception of children from 7 to 9 in Isfahan city.

In terms of purpose, it is practical and in terms of method it is mixed. At first, the educational program was designed with a qualitative method of exploratory type with a discipline-based approach, and then to evaluate the effect of this program with a quantitative method of semi-experimental type with a pre-test-post-test design, using Pearson’s Aesthetic Test (which was designed based on Parsons’ Aesthetic Evolution), was conducted on 10 children aged 7 to 9 years. Children were randomly selected and participated in the research. The intervention program was conducted for 12 training sessions, each session lasting 90 minutes. The obtained data were analyzed by paired t-test mean statistical method.

The statistical findings show that there is a significant difference between the children’s performance in the pre-test and post-test stages (p<0.01) and it can be concluded that the present educational program affects growing children’s aesthetic perception.