A Reading on the Physical Evolution of Open and Semi-Open Spaces in Buildings in Tehran Late Qajar and First Pahlavi

The formation of housing has been influenced by cultural, social, economic and political patterns that has evolved in relation to its environment. With the arrival of modernity in Iran from the end of the Qajar period, residential buildings underwent changes in the form, space and body of architecture. The historical context of Tehran has valuable elements that, considering the importance of open and semi-open spaces in the traditional residential architecture of Iran, the analysis of physical developments of open and semi-open spaces in the residential buildings of old Tehran late Qajar and early Pahlavi can be used to achieve the components and Common physical elements in the architecture of traditional buildings in Tehran should be a way forward. By physically documenting the elements of the entrance spaces, it is possible to further examine the field of research and analysis of the dimensions hidden in it. The purpose of this research is to analyze and investigate the physical evolution of the semi-open space in traditional houses in Tehran. This research is based on the descriptive-analytical method, taking into account the spatial background and time position of the research and using the method of field studies in order to identify the physical elements under analysis to divide and identify the houses into 16 cases of houses in the late Qajar and Pahlavi periods. In the continuation of the discussion, SPSS22 software is used to investigate open and semi-open spaces. The findings of the research indicate that in the Qajar period, the use of open and semi-open space in the form of a central courtyard and porch in the architectural spatial structure of traditional houses in Tehran is seen more than the early Pahlavi period. Also, the proportion of open to semi-open spaces and the homogeneity of these spaces in late Qajar houses, despite the influence of modernism, can be seen more than in the early Pahlavi period, which due to the expansion of extroverted forms in the first Pahlavi, the presence of a central courtyard and a semi-open space such as a porch is less noticeable.