ladan shafiee

The main purpose of this study was to explain the factors affecting the adoption and development of durum wheat cultivation in rural areas of five provinces of Fars, Khuzestan, Kerman, Ilam and Tehran in Iran using structural equation model. The required data were collrcted through a questionnaire, the reliability of which was determined by Cronbach's alpha coefficient and composite reliability index (CR); and the extracted mean variance index (AVE) was used to determine the convergent validity of the components. The statistical population of the study included all wheat farmers in the mentioned provinces. Statistical sample size was determined as 274 people using Krejcie and Morgan sample size table and statistical samples were selected using multi-stage sampling method with proportional assignment. The results indicated that the studid indices were desirable. Data analysis was performed in a structural equation modeling method using LISREL8.5 and SPSS22. The study results confirmed the positive and significant effect between the explanatory components affecting the willingness to adopt durum wheat cultivation; in addition, the structural equation model predicted, in total, 47 percent of the variable variations in the tendency to adopt durum wheat cultivation. Finally, the results of this study are expected to be useful in developing strategies for extension and development of durum wheat cultivation. In addition, this research can be useful for breeders to breed varieties appropriate to the wheat farmers` conditions and needs.

information. The overall objective of this study is to evaluate the educational effectiveness of selection farmers in the province in improving production, unit yield, cost per unit area and technology utilization, and in general the effect of increasing quantitative and qualitative efficiency of agricultural products in Kerman province.The present study is a quantitative research in which a structured questionnaire was used as the main data collection tool. Document and library studies were also used to collect data.The statistical societyof the study includes the producers of horticultural products and the selection producers of horticultural products in Kerman province selected as top producers at the rural, county, provincial and national levels;this statistical population includes 4215 people. The statistical sample was estimated to be 229 according to Cochran formula.The face validity of the questionnaire was evaluated by several experts in the field and the Ordinal Teta method was used to assess its reliability statistical and inferential descriptive and inferential statistics statistics (T-test, Pearson correlation coefficient, Mann-Whitney and Spearman correlation coefficient). Data were analyzed using SPSS 23. The results showed that selection agricultural producers can be effective in different educational aspects.The highest impact of selection producers is on increasing yields and reducing costs, followed by the application of new technology (modern irrigation, new machines, etc.) and the least impact on environmental protection and optimal use of inputs.Therefore, it is recommended to use the selection producers as educational and extensionalworkers and to organize educatioval classes and field visits in the organization's programs.

Traditional dairy farms play important role to obtain dairy and rural household income. Rural woman are managers these units. Unfortunately, they havent educated because of social and cultural problems. Milk production contain high microbial count endanger community health and also producers economic in traditional farms. The project has studied educational needs of rural women regarding safe milk production, using correlation descriptive methods. Statistical community includes all rural women in Bam city that using two stages cluster sampling method was selected 90 numbers to complete questionnaire. The results showed that there are significant relationship between variables age, studies level, cow keeping record times of presence of participants in educational class, visiting selective cow dairy farms and study extensive issues whit dairy farmers women knowledge. Finally, it was concluded that traditional dairy farmers women need largely to educate about feeding, disease and health of animal.