m. raoof

Happiness is one of the basic human needs and a component of mental health which is the cause of increase of social capital. The aim of this study was to investigate the status of happiness in students of Kerman Dental School.

In this descriptive study, the statistical population included students of Kerman Dental School in the academic year 2017-2018. Oxford Happiness Questionnaire was used to collect data and 241 students who were selected randomly with the proportionate stratification method participated in the study. Data analysis was performed using Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal-Wallis H tests.

151 (62.7%) of the students were girls and 90 (37.3%) were boys. The mean score of student's happiness was 40.04±0.78. Students' happiness status in different demographic variables such as gender (p=0.779), academic year (p=0.092), marital status (p=0.865) and residence (p=0.425) did not show any significant difference.

The happiness status of Kerman Dental students was at an acceptable level, but necessary measures must be taken to upgrade it to the excellent level.

The aim of this study was selecting the most suitable interpolation method to estimate the spatial variation of maximum daily rainfall at the Atashgah basin, Ardabil. For this purpose, data of 9 rainfall gauge stations of Ardabil Province Water Regional Company were used. Homogeneity and independence of data were tested. Universal and ordinary Kriging and Cokriging interpolation methods were evaluated by circular, spherical, exponential and Gaussian regression models and Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW), Radial Basis Function (RBF), General and local estimators using Arc GIS software. To compare and evaluate the mentioned methods, statistical parameters of Mean, RMS, ASE, MS and RMSS were used. In each method, the lowest rank was devoted to the lowest statistical error and the highest rank was devoted to the highest statistical error, and then sum of the ranks was used to compare the interpolation methods. Results showed that, in the case of 2 years return period, ordinary Cokriging by circular regression model and for 5, 10, 25, 50 and 100 years return periods, ordinary Cokriging by Gaussian regression model, with the lowest ranks, were the most suitable interpolation methods in estimation of spatial variation of maximum daily rainfall. The weighted average of the maximum daily rainfall of Atashgah basin for the return periods of 2, 5, 10, 25, 50 and 100 years were determined equal to 37.5, 48.19, 49.41, 53.32, 54.14 and 57.69 mm, respectively.

Soil hydraulic conductivity and water retention curves are the most important factors that effect on water flow in soil. The aim of this study is investigation the effect of land use changing on soil hydraulic properties. Tension disk infiltrometer was used for measurement of in situ soil hydraulic properties. Infiltration experiments were conducted at 3 land uses (including range، Horticulture and Agriculture lands) in 5 tensions (including 0، 3، 6، 10، 18 cm H2O) and 3 replications for each land uses. Horticulture and Agriculture land use have been created of rang land use changing. Hydraulic conductivity and water retention curves were simulated by inverse method using Hydrus 2D software and 3 model of Rosetta، then compaired with observation data. Results showed، SSC+BD is the best model to predicting hydraulic conductivity curve in all 3 land use. Simulation of water retention curve showed، for all 3 models of Rosetta (including Textural class، SSC and SSC+BD)، GMER parameter was less than 1، for therefore، inverse method underestimated the water content. Statistical parameters amount showed، in range land-use textural class model، in horticulture land use SSC model and in agriculture land use SSC+BD model are the best models for simulation retention curve. RMSE and MAE amounts for mentioned land uses and models are 0. 055، 0. 048 (range land use)، 0. 046، 0. 03 (horticulture land use) and 0. 05، 0. 041 (agriculture land use) respectively.