mahdi maleki

The physiological changes with increasing age make older adults more prone to acquiring chronic diseases, and their treatment needs multiple drug regimens. However, the extensive use of medications is accompanied by an increased risk of adverse drug reactions (ADRs), partly due to polypharmacy (concomitant use of multiple drugs). Both polypharmacy band medication adherence are considered major public health concerns, which are growing worldwide.

This study was conducted to determine drug adherence in older adults with polypharmacy referred to selected educational medical centers of Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran City, Iran, in 2021.

The present study is a descriptive cross-sectional analytical study. The sample consisted of 243 older people. The participants were selected using a non-probability sampling method (continuous method with categorical proportional allocation). The inclusion criteria were older adults taking polypharmacy (five or more prescribed drugs). Data collection tools were a demographic personal and clinical characteristics form, a drug compliance questionnaire, and a 10-point visual analog scale (VAS) of self-perception of health. After the participants had completed the questionnaires, the raw data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics methods, including analysis of variance, independent t-test, and the Pearson correlation coefficient. The significance level was considered P<0.05.

The mean age of the subjects was 69.38±6.6 years; their mean perception of health was 5.83±2.33, and the mean number of underlying diseases was 2.3±1.19. The study participants showed moderate drug adherence, which was insufficient. No significant relationship was found between demographic and clinical variables with drug adherence. The Pearson correlation test results showed a weak correlation between age and medication adherence (r= 0.029, P=0.001), as well as age and number of underlying diseases (r=0.031, P=0.001).

This study demonstrated moderate drug adherence in older adults with polypharmacy, which is not optimal. Healthcare professionals involved in patients’ medication use play a key role in providing essential education to older adults with polypharmacy to improve drug adherence.

Lithium-oxygen (Li-O2) battery is considered the system with the highest theoretical specific energy density among all other energy storage devices. Therefore, it can be a suitable response to the increasing demand for the energy. Due to the fact that the cathode is one the of key components, this research represents a practical investigation on the impact of utilizing molybdenum disulfide as an electrocatalyst in the cathode on specific capacitance of Li-O2 battery.To do so, at the first step, graphite/MoS2 composite was synthesized via one-pot hydrothermal approach. Then, different analysis of X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR), N2 adsorption-desorption, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were applied to study phase characteristics, covalent bonds, porous structure, and to observe the surface morphology of the synthesized composite. Finally, it was employed as the cathode of the Li-O2 battery and could exhibit the specific capacitance of 912 mA h g-1, which illustrates the significant effect of using MoS2 on increasing the specific capacitance by about 17.5 times than the sample without it.

The data are stored on the memory of the classical computer in small units of classical bits, which could be either 0 or 1. However, on a Quantum Computer, The Quantum States of each Quantum Bit (Qbit), would be every possible number between 0 and 1, including themselves. By placing the photons on a special state, which is a spot located at the middle of the two-dimensional space vectors (1 0 ) and (1 1 ) on the Unit Circle, which is called Superposition and we can take advantage of properties of this state when we place lots of vectors of N-dimensional spaces in superposition and we can do a parallelization and factorization for getting significant speedup. In fact, in Quantum Computing we are taking advantage of Quantum Dynamic Principles to process the data, which Classical Computers lack on, by considering the limitations of logical concepts behind them. Through this paper, we expand a quantum algorithm for the number of n Qbits in a new way and by implementing circuits using IBM-Q Experience, we are going to have some practical results, which are more obvious to be demonstrable. By expanding the Quantum Algorithms and using Linear Algebra, we can manage to achieve the goals at a higher level, the ones that Classical Computers are unable to perform, as machine learning problems with complicated models and by expanding the subject we can mention majors in different sciences like Chemistry (predicting the Structure of proteins with higher percentage accuracy in less period), Astronomy and so on.

Human resource Changes in the last decade, aiming at increasing dynamics and flexibility, instead of focusing purely on presenting strategies, have shifted to identify the causes of failure of strategic human resource functions, so that the analysis of factors other than human resource has led to identifying the roots of the disorders associated with human resource development. One of the disruptive approaches of the development of human resource competencies involves layers of hegemonic structural power. These structures aiming at developing hegemony in the functions of power in the organization, have deteriorated the development of human resource competencies. The purpose of this study is to identify and prioritize interpretively the decline in the competencies of human resources on the basis of hegemonic structural power layers according to the interpretive ranking process (IRP). This study is carried out for identifying the components (competencies of human resource) and research propositions (layers of hegemonic structural power), through a hybrid analysis. The sample included 14 experts in the field of human resource management at the university level. Matrix questionnaires were evaluated through interpretive ranking process by 25 managers with an organizational background subject to Article 44 of the law. The results revealed that the proposition of power hegemony based on the policy of “Z9” is known as the most influential layers of power in these organizations, which results in the decline of two competencies including participatory (“Y6”) and self-leadership (“Y5”). This outcome shows that the effects of layers of hegemonic structural power, especially political power, make the level of competencies of human resource lose their effective functions, and this, in turn, affects organizational productivity.

The volume of advanced cyber attacks is increasing today; hence the use of intrusion detection systems in networks is inevitable. One of the major problems by using these systems are considered as the high volume of low-level alarms produced. In the present paper, one of the data mining techniques called Attribute-Oriented Induction is utilized. The basis of this approach is to generalize low-level data to high-level concepts. By the development of this strategy in the field of cyber attacks, the volume of intrusion detection alarms has been decreased. This reduction not only disrupts the detection of attacks but by more focusing on the common features of the attacks, it will increase the accuracy of detection. Moreover, one of the basic foundations of this method is a generalized hierarchy designed for effective attack features. Another highlight of this investigation is to provide an intuitive approach to selecting features for generalization. The new CICIDS2017 data set was employed to evaluate the proposed method, which overcame the shortcomings of its previous data set. In conclusion, the results show a 99% decrease in alarms at the lowest generalization level and an average of 25% at the other generalization levels. In addition to the normal traffic, 14 different attack types were identified, with the Dos Hulk attack being the most frequent with 8.16% and the Heartbleed attack having the lowest frequency 0.0004%. Other capabilities were offered in the proposed method include the possibility of online analytical processing and multidimensional data mining in cyber attack space by moving at different levels of generalization..

Soft grounds amplify the earthquake motions and the peak ground acceleration increases when passing through them. Thus, the response of structures constructed on such sites would be more severe than others. The deep excavations are one of the most vulnerable geotechnical structures during earthquakes particularly when performed in soft grounds. Hence, they have to be stabilized and restrained for these circumstances. Using the anchorage system is one of the most common methods to stabilize such excavations. The influence of different factors such as soil characteristics, and anchors' geometry and properties on seismic response of so-called restrained deep excavation is an important issue that needs to be focused on. In the present paper, the results of quasi-static finite element analyses of deep excavations performed in soft and stiff grounds during earthquake loadings have been presented, compared and discussed. The results show that considering adequate values for the anchor parameters (such as; angle, length and distance between the anchors and the amount of pre-stress force in them) leads to accurate and satisfactory design safety and deformation controls of the excavation.

Many managers and scholars have found that the availability of capable human resources is the only sustainable competitive advantage of the organization. Therefore, the main purpose of this research is to identify, rank and explain the contextual, structural and behavioral factors facilitating psychological empowerment. In this applied, descriptive and correlational study 270 participants selected from among 745 employees of a military organization randomly. Data analyzed through a confirmatory factor analysis to confirm the relationship between indices and components. Path analysis examines the assumed relationships, and one-sample T test examines the status quo of empowerment triple determinants in the aforementioned organization. Findings reveal that all three determinants have a significant effect on the empowerment of the staff. Accordingly, improving the status quo of these factors can help to facilitate the empowerment of staff. Also, the status quo of components of organizational culture, motivation, social dignity and employee training needs improvement in the organization

Impulse buying behavior is one of main concepts in marketing. It is affected on various factors such as cultural factors, psychological factors, personal factors and positional factors. Buying can be done because of different reasons (including of needing a production) and this fact aids marketers to better understand consumers’ behavior. Impulse buying is one of Pervasive aspect of consumer behavior and main aspects in marketing activities. Also, impulse buying is one of attractive issues in consumer behavior context. Studying this behavior aids us to know consumer behavior reasons in the moment of buying.This study investigates the role and effect of cultural values on consumers impulse buying. This study is descriptive and correlation and data is collected by questionnaire. Statistical population is consumers and buyers in Tehran city. Sampling method is stratified sampling and sample includes 307 individuals. This study, 8 hypothesis are tested and structural equations model is used.
Findings show that personal improvement is positively correlated with emotional and cognitive dimensions of impulse buying. These dimensions are increased with decreasing of consumers and buyers conservatism. Cognitive dimensions of impulse buying are increased with improving the openness to changes of consumers and buyers.

Wind erosion is one of the main factors in soil and environment degradations and air pollution in arid and semi-arid areas. Existing methods of soil erosion control, including oil and chemical soil stabilizers, are too costly and they introduce toxic materials into the soil with significant environmental impact. Therefore, this research was conducted to determine the effectiveness of microbial induced calcite precipitation (MICP) as a biological and environmentally friendly method to improve the erosion resistance of loose sand dunes. For this purpose, the erosion of biocemented soil samples was measured experimentally in a wind tunnel under the wind velocities ranging from 10 to 55 kmh-1at a height of 10 cm above the tunnel floor. Results demonstrated that the weight loss of MICP-treated samples relative to the weight loss of control treatment was significantly decreased at all velocities. The effect of biological treatment on wind erosion control was even superior at the higher velocities. Erosion rate of MICP-treated samples was 2.13 against 240 kgm-2h-1 at the velocity of 55 km.h-1. The penetration resistance of the MICP-treated soil samples was observed up to three times higher than from control treatment, indicating a significant improvement of surface resistance in biologically treated samples. The result of SEM and XRD analysis shows that CaCO3 was mainly precipitated as vaterite crystals forming point-to-point contacts between the sand particles and improving surface resistance against wind shear velocity.

Attention to the position and role of faculty members in conducting research is of crucial importance. This study examined the relationship between demographic variables and job motivation alongside job burnout. This study is in descriptive-correlative research design. The population of the study comprised the faculty members of Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences in the academic year 2011-12, who were selected though available sampling. Two questionnaires were used in this study as follows: Job Motivation Questionnaire prepared by the researchers based on Herzberg two-factor motivation-health theory with a reliability coefficient of 0.82; and Geldard Job Burnout Questionnaire with the Cronbach’s alpha of 0.88. The data of the study were analyzed using SPSS15 software and the Chi-square test. The results showed that there were not significant differences in subjects’ job motivation in terms of age, sex and job experience (P> 0.05). However, there were significant differences in terms of type of membership and activity (P< 0.01). Moreover, the results showed that subject's burnout in terms of age, type of membership, and type of activity is not significantly different (P> 0.05). Nevertheless, the difference in terms of gender and level of experience is significant (P< 0.01) and (P< 0.05). In view of the fact that the motivation of permanently employed faculty members was more than that of non-faculty members, it seems that one of the most important factors in increasing the non-faculty members’ motivation is to give them research privileges. Considering job motivation in researchers involved in educational and research activities is more than job motivation in researchers involved in educational, research and treatment activities, thus it seems better to employ researchers with research and educational activities in the research center. Besides, given the higher levels of burnout among women than men due to constraints specific to military conditions, it seems better to employ female researchers in studies that are not limited as a result of military atmosphere.

The Persian mosque has been much studied، but little from geometrical aspect. The genesis of the geometry of domed four-eivan (four-veranda) mosque، called the Persian mosque، is ambiguous. Common typology of mosques in Iran، based on the number of eivans، counting from one to four، will not solve the problem، and results in several drawbacks: First، the relation between the Persian mosque and the history of Persian architecture remains ambiguous and problematic; second، some mosques in Iran are not domed four-eivan mosques، so discussed typology results some exceptions and disagreements; third، the conspicuous spatial differences between domed and non-domed mosques in their facade of eivan are neglected. If architecture can be seen as a system of organs gathered together based on a coherent order، geometry is the grasp of the relation between and، finally، the system of contiguity of the organs. Therefore، geometry is the essence of all architecture; by defining and delimiting each function، it simplifies understanding of it. So، to gain knowledge of the Persian version of mosque، studying its roots is necessary. This article analyzes the archetypal mosque، namely the Mosque of the Prophet، in its primary form. Describing the geometrical features of it، it then studies the alterations of this archetype as it has reached other Islamic lands. Reconstructing old buildings into mosques، or taking the examples of other structures in building mosques، the geometry of every domestic architecture was incorporated into mosques of each land. This added new elements to mosques making them distinguished and unique، just like the first mosque. Afterwards، by studying some of the oldest mosques in Iran and the Persian mosque’s origins، the frequency of use of shabestan، chahartaghi and eivan in the maps of initial mosques have been shown. Then، the process of emergence of these mosques and their results، have been geometrically studied. These initial experiences generated the genesis of three geometric fundamental types of mosques in the following centuries، which have been categorized and analyzed along with samples. As a result، two different consequences have been described. One was the continuity of construction in these three types; the other was the convergence of them. This convergence was a new process in a new architectural function، so it was only possible through experiment. Therefore، some of shabestan-based mosques were changed into workplaces for this experiment، some of them lasting several centuries. After that، some new mosques were built with domed four-eivan geometry. Finally، the geometrical process of Isfahan’s Grand Mosque and its resultant on the basis of its court and its old shabestan has been analyzed. This mosque is one of the first workplaces of the convergence of these three basic types. The construction of shabestan، the gonbad-khaneh (dome chamber) in it، and the eivan in the court، are the chronological process of evolution of the mosque. Evidences show that convergence and adaptation of the three fundamental geometric types in this mosque lasted three centuries to result in the geometry of the Persian mosque.