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فهرست مطالب نویسنده:

mohammadjavad eslami

  • MohammadJavad Eslami, Mehri Khoshhali, Roya Kelishadi*
    Objectives

    This study aims to assess the zinc deficiency prevalence in Iran during the past two decades and compare it with other countries.

    Methods

    We searched PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Sciences, Scientific Information Database (SID), and Magiran for English and Persian reports on zinc deficiency prevalence in Iran. The search terms were “zinc”, zinc deficiency”, “low zinc level”, “low zinc concentration”, “prevalence”, “epidemiology”, “status”, “Iran”, “Iranian”, and “Persian”, using Boolean operators ‘AND’ or ‘OR.’ The preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis (PRISMA) checklist were applied during the review. Two authors reviewed the articles independently. We included all articles published from 2001 to 2021 that reported zinc deficiency prevalence based on serum zinc levels (μg/dL) in the Iranian population. We excluded clinical intervention studies and studies on pregnant women, children with stunting or malnutrition, and patients with a particular disease. The effect sizes of prevalence rates were extracted from original studies. Meta-analysis with the random-effects model was used to estimate the pooled prevalence of zinc deficiency. Publication bias was evaluated by Egger’s test and the Funnel plot.

    Results

    This systematic review and meta-analysis included 20 studies (12 for males, 13 for females, and 18 for both that involved 16138 participants; 8424 males and 9053 females). Using the random effect model, the overall prevalence of zinc deficiency in the general population was 16% (95% CI, 11%-20%), and in males and females, 18.4% (95% CI, 0.12%-0.24%) and 15% (95% CI, 10%-20%), respectively. In subgroup analysis, the prevalence rates of zinc deficiency for 6 years old children and adolescents were 29% and 12%, respectively. 

    Conclusions

    The overall prevalence of zinc deficiency in the Iranian population was 16%, lower than the 20% set by IZiNCG (the International Zinc Nutrition Consultative Group) to indicate the need for national intervention programs. However, the COVID-19 pandemic and climate changes threaten this fragile margin. Dietary diversification/modifications, supplementation programs, fortification, and bio-fortification can be used to minimize the problem in high-risk populations. Since this study evaluates the adult healthy population of Iran, we should be cautious about generalizing its results on other population groups like children.

    Keywords: Zinc deficiency, Iran, Prevalence
  • Farzad Allameh, Afshin Moradi, MohammadJavad Eslami, MohammadReza Hajian, Seyyed Ali Hojjati, Saba Faraji, MohammadEsmaeil Akbari
    Introduction

    Urethral, penile, and scrotal cancers are rare and represent less than 1% of all malignancies. However, they are associated with a high mortality rate and have a significant effect on patients’ quality of life. Penile and urethral cancers comprise 0.6% of all urological cancers. Because of ethnic, geographical, and cultural diversity, risk factors and cancer patterns vary in different communities. We aimed to provide valid information on the prevalence, incidence, and epidemiology of urethral, penile, and scrotal cancers using the National Registry on Cancer of Iran.

    Methods

    This retrospective study of 465 patients included all known cases of urethral, penile, and scrotal cancers from the Department of National Registry on Cancer at the Ministry of Health and Medical Education in Iran during 2004-2015. This study examined the demographic characteristics of patients and discussed the risk factors and possible causes of the above-mentioned cancers.

    Results

    The mean ±SD age at the time of registration was 58.49±20.82 years. The highest and lowest proportions of cases belonged to Tehran/Alborz (14.2%) and Mazandaran (0.65%) provinces, Iran, respectively. Regarding the distribution of records according to a year of registration, these cancers were more prevalent in 2014, and less prevalent in 2004.

    Conclusion

    Urethral, penile, and scrotal cancers were more common in Tehran and Alborz. There was a strong possibility that the prevalence of these cancers is linked to the industrial nature of Tehran and Alborz and the prevalence of human papillomavirus.

    Keywords: Penile Neoplasms Urethral Neoplasms Urogenital Neoplasms
  • Ramin Sami, Maryam Karbasi *, Somayeh Haji Ahmadi, Marjan Mansourian, Mehrnegar Dehghan, Nilufar Khademi, Mohammad Javad Eslami, Khojasteh Ghasemi
    Background
    The clinical and paraclinical symptoms of COVID-19 differ across age groups. This study investigated the differences between these parameters and their outcomes in young, middle-aged, and elderly patients admitted to a COVID-19 referral center.
    Materials and Methods
    This retrospective study encompassed patients with COVID-19 hospitalized at Khorshid Hospital (Isfahan, Iran) during February 23 to April 30, 2020. The patients' predisposing conditions, clinical and paraclinical findings, and outcomes were compared among three young, middle-aged, and elderly groups.
    Results
    Of the 1185 hospitalized patients with suspected COVID-19, 1065 were discharged or died at the end of the study. Among these 1065 patients, 654 patients with the mean age of 57.7 years had positive PCR results or typical CT scans and were included in the study, of whom 77 (11.8%), 353 (54%), and 234 (34.2%) patients were assigned into the young, middle-aged, and elderly groups, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference among the three groups regarding the prevalence of clinical symptoms. Moreover, CRP, ESR, WBC, BUN, Cr, and lymphocytes were higher in the elderly group. The ground-glass opacity (GGO) (24.1%), GGO-consolidation (27.4%), and consolidation (10.3%) were the most common CT scan findings in the young, middle-aged, and elderly groups, respectively. Fifty-three patients (8.1%) died, and the mortality rates were 10.36%, 7.27%, and 3.8% in the elderly, middle-aged, and young groups, respectively.
    Conclusion
    COVID 19 symptoms do not depend on age; however, paraclinical findings differ across young, middle-aged, and elderly patients.
    Keywords: COVID-19, age, Outcome, Prognosis
  • Saeed Abbasi, Zohre Naderi, Babak Amr, Abdolamir Atapour, Seyed Amir Dadkhahi, Mohammad Reza Hajian, Mohammad Javad Eslami, Marzieh Hashemi, Seyed Taghi Hashemi, Bijan Iraj, Farzin Khorvash, Samane Madadi, Hossein Mahjoubi Pour, Marjan Mansourian, Majid Rezvani, Ramin Sami, Forough Soltaninejad, Shahrzad Shahidi, Sahar Vahdat, Zahra Zamani, Firouzeh Moeinzadeh *
    Background

    The new coronavirus outbreak quickly filled hospital beds and stunned the world. Intensive care is required for 5% of patients, and the mortality rate for critically ill patients is 49%. The “cytokine storm” is considered as the main cause of pathogenesis for coronavirus disease‑19 (COVID-19)‑related respiratory failure, hemoperfusion may be a modality for treatment of disease.

    Materials and Methods

    Thirty-seven an patients with positive real‑time polymerase chain reaction for SARStions2 in an upper respiratory tract sample or typical chest computed tomography lesion were eligible for this case–control study. Patients meeting the criteria for hemoperfusion including clinical and laboratory indices, were evaluated for outcomes such as hospitalization length and mortality. Patients were divided into three groups, i.e., patients who received hemoperfusion without a need for mechanical ventilation (MV), patients who received hemoperfusion before MV, and patients who received hemoperfusion after MV.

    Results

    Among 37 patients with COVID-19 respiratory failure, 32% were female with a mean age of 55.54 (standard deviation 14.1) years. There was no statistically significant difference between the three groups in terms of length of hospital stay and intensive care unit (ICU) stay (P-tayns: 0.593 and 0.243, respectively, confidence interval [CI]: 95%). Heart rate, respiratory rate, PaO2 /FIO2 , high‑sensitivity C‑reactive protein, and ferritin significantly improved after the application of hemoperfusion in all groups (P < 0.05, CI: 95%).

    Conclusion

    It seems that applying hemoperfusion in the inflammatory phase of the disease, especially before the intubation, reduce the need for MV. However, hemoperfusion does not have any impacts on the duration of hospital and ICU stay.

    Keywords: COVID‑19, hemoperfusion, respiratory failure
  • Farzad Allameh, Morteza Fallah-Karkan, Shahrzad Zadeh Modarres, Amir Reza Abedi*, Mohammad Javad Eslami, Mohammad Reza Hajian, Mehdi Dadpour, Leyla Zareian
    Introduction

    Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART) has been widely utilized for infertility management. De-spite its low success rate, Intra-Uterine Insemination (IUI) is one of the first alternatives and most importantapproaches regarding many cases of infertility treatment. Given the numerous influencing factors and limita-tions associated with time and resources, the development of a reliable model to predict the success rate of ARTmethods can significantly contribute to decision-making processes.

    Materials and methods

    We reviewed thedemographic, clinical, and laboratory data regarding 157 IUI treatment cycles among 124 women using theirpartner’s sperm from May2017 to June2019. Primary outcome measures were clinical pregnancy and live birth.Some prediction models were constructed and compared to the logistic regression analysis.

    Result

    Woman’smean age was 30.1 ± 5.2 years and the infertility had a female cause in 24.3% of the cases, male cause in 32.6%of cases, and combined causes in 32.6% of the cases. Concerning the first IUI cycle, the clinical pregnancy rateper cycle was 16.9% (N= 21). Data were prepared according to cross-industry standard process for data mining(CRISP-DM) methodology, and the following models were fitted to the data: J48 Decision Tree, Perceptron Mul-tilayer (MLP) Neural Network, Support Vector Machine (SVM) with radial basis function (RBF) kernel, K-NearestNeighbors (KNN) with one neighborhood, and Bayesian Network. J48 Decision Tree, with a sensitivity of 95%and specificity of 98%, had the most optimal performance, and the KNN model was the weakest one.Conclu-sion:To predict the results of IUI as a simple and less invasive therapy for infertile couples, some models wereapplied based on artificial intelligence and J48 Decision Tree was recommended

    Keywords: Artificial intelligence, Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART), Decision tree, Infertility, Insemination, neuralnetwork
  • Farzad Allameh, Fereshte Aliakbari, Shahrzad Nematollahi, Mehdi Dadpour, Arash Ranjbar, Mohammad Javad Eslami, Jalil Hosseini*, Mohammad Ali Ghanbari
    Introduction

    The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the prevalence and the risk factors of urinary inconti-nence following radical prostatectomy in Iranian population. This study is conducted based on the availabledata from the National Cancer Registry.

    Methods

    In this retrospective study, we extracted the information ofall the patients with organ-confined prostate cancer who underwent radical prostatectomy from 2010 to 2014.All the patients were interviewed face to face or via telephone to collect additional data. Urinary incontinencewas evaluated by a questionnaire using the definition based on pads use. The effects of risk factors were eval-uated using logistic regression models.

    Results

    The details of 13,583 registered patients with prostate cancerwere collected. Overall, the prevalence of urinary incontinence was estimated as 10.5% (n=1424). It is impor-tant to mention that the highest proportion of cases with urinary incontinence belonged to the age group of71-80 years old (n=502, 35.2%), as well as patients with elementary education (n=458, 32%) or no education atall (n=333,23.5%). Furthermore, more cases lived in urban settings (n=1159,81.7%), one-fourth of them (n=365)smoked tobacco, and nearly 11% of them reported having been diagnosed with diabetes (n=152). The oddsof having urinary incontinence increased by 20% in patients who had undergone radiotherapy as part of theirtreatment for prostate cancer (AOR=1.20, 95%CI: 1.07,1.36).

    Conclusion

    We estimated the prevalence of urinaryincontinence after radical prostatectomy as 10.5% among prostate cancer patients. We found that having beenexposed to education, having been diagnosed with diabetes, and receiving radiotherapy, are amongst the signif-icant risk factors for urinary incontinence. We also suggested that more predictor variables should be recordedin the National Cancer Registry.

    Keywords: Urinary, Incontinence, Cancer, Prostatectomy, Risk factor
  • Sarah Ghorbani, Hamadreza Hatamian, Amirhossain Mahmoudzadeh, Sina Raeisi, Mohammadjavad Eslami, Masoud Etemadifar*, Fatemeh Shafaei
    Background
    The number of patients with Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is increasing in Iran. Studies have shown that high sodium chloride (salt) and low potassium intake are associated with the development of MS. High physiological salt concentrations can lead to the induction of Interleukin-17 (IL-17) accompanied by the excessive generation of helper T-17 cells (Th-17). This cytokine plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. This is while potassium supplementation has a blocking effect on IL-17 production.
    Objectives
    Because of the role of salt and potassium in Th 17 development, we hypothesized that sodium chloride (NaCl) would be higher and potassium (K) would be lower in MS patients than healthy controls. Therefore, we investigated the association between salt and potassium intake with MS in Isfahan City population, Iran.
    Materials &
    Methods
    A case-control study containing 23 patients and 23 healthy controls was performed in Isfahan City, Iran, 2016. NaCl and K levels were measured in 24-h urine. Using the Chi-square test, the patients’ laboratory values were compared with the healthy controls. The level of significance was set at P<0.05 in all analyses. All calculations were performed in SPSS, version 23.0.
    Results
    In this study, urine Na levels were somewhat higher in cases than in controls (Interquartile Range [IQR]; 160[140-211] mEq/24 h vs. 128[83-166] mEq/24 h]) (P=0.027). These results show a significant relationship between urine-Na and MS. Urine k concentrations were lower in cases than controls [IQR; 47(27-70) mEq/24 h vs. 50(29-56) mEq/24 h] but we did not find a significant difference between two groups (P=0.807).
    Conclusion
    Based on this study, a high level of sodium intake may be associated with MS; however, we did not find a significant difference between patients and controls with regard to potassium level.
    Keywords: Multiple Sclerosis, Sodium chloride, Potassium, Th 17 cells, Interleukin-17
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