mohammadreza mohammad alizadeh

Aristotle considered the subject predicate structure and the simple proposition, based on his categorical and ontological view, predicating the sentence on the subject and its existence, and the Stoics, by denying the objective existence, introduced the contents of this atomic proposition as the coexistence of the subject and the predicate. The result of these two different views on this structure is the formation of a predicative argument in Aristotelian logic and the inefficiency of the Stoic atomic proposition. Avicenna and his followers, on the other hand, by abandoning the categorical and philosophical view on the meanings of singular, introduced another structure. This approach to the content of the predicate structure leads to the formation of the predicative conditional argument in Avicenna's logic, which does not contradict the conditional arguments in this logic. Therefore, in this logic, in addition to predicative argument, conditional arguments are also presented. The combination of the predicative and conditional reasoning in Avicenna's logic has led scholars of logic to question whether the Avicenna's logic is a combination of Aristotelian logic and Stoic conditional logic or it has an independent nature? Because Aristotelian and Stoic logic are incompatible with each other. In the face of this question, some logicians have adopted the view of combination. Using a descriptive-analytical method this paper studies the difference between the Avicenna predicative proposition, Aristotelian simple proposition and Stoic atomic proposition to distinguish Avicenna's logic from the other two logics.

In the Holy Quran, God, the Glory, introduces the Prophet`s mission as reciting the verses, teaching the Book and wisdom, and as purifying human souls from sins. What may be taken as the being included in all these missions lies in inviting people to God. The Holy Qur'an, having expressed this fundamental mission, introduced its methods, namely wisdom, good preaching, and best controversy. God, the Glory, has taught the Prophet (s) various ways of invitation Prophet, and He Himself has employed them in explaining and teaching Qur'anic teachings. In this research, acknowledging the existence of rational reasoning in terms of form and matter in the Qur'an, we seek to examine some formal patterns of reasoning in the Quran, that is, the syllogistic model. Examining all forms of reasoning, such as explicit and implicit forms, simple and compound form, the form of syllogism, induction and analogy, and detailed study of all the syllogistic forms as well as surveying the method of demonstration, rhetoric and topic in the Qur'an requires numerous and independent researches, and is not included in this brief study. For this reason, in this study, we will briefly examine some forms of reasoning, that is, the syllogistic forms, and leaves other topics.