mohammed mohammed

Spray pyrolysis was used to create nanocrystalline cadmium sulphide thin films on glass substrates in this study. Researcher looked examined how substrate temperature 400 oC affected the thin films’ structural, morphological, optical, electrical, Photodetection Analysis, and NO2 gas sensor characteristics. Analyses of the thin films’ optical absorption, X-ray diffraction, and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) have been conducted. The thin films, according to the X-ray results, were polycrystalline and had a hexagonal phase crystallite. The thin films’ surface is homogenous, consistent, and crack-free.The grains typically have an average size of 37.86 nm. The optical band gap values that have been found fall within the 2.4 eV range.  Based on Hall effect testing, the thin films were found to have n-type conductivity. The generated CdS sheets were also used to create a photodetector, which worked admirably. A high photoresponsivity and external quantum efficiency were achieved using a 400 oC substrate temperature. At 40 ppm, the CdS film had a maximum reaction of 60% and was determined to be extremely sensitive to NO2.

Dyspepsia is a disorder characterized by difficulty in digestion and represents a major health concern. Therefore, it is crucial to identify functional dyspepsia linked to Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori). This research aimed to determine the prevalence of H. pylori among patients with dyspepsia and to examine the potential risk factors associated with the infection.

From August 14th to September 21st, 2024, a total of 105 patients with dyspepsia, who attended the Central Laboratory of Baghdad Medical City Complex (Iraq), were enrolled in this study. Data on nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), smoking, family history, fasting habits and frequent fast food consumption were collected through participant interviews.

Based on the urea breath test results, dyspeptic patients were categorized into infected (63.8%) and non-infected (36.2%) groups. Factors that influenced these patients included the intake of NSAIDs (48.6%), smoking (21.9%), family history (29.5%), fasting habits (36.2%) and regular consumption of fast food (57.1%).

Dyspeptic patients exhibit a high prevalence of H. pylori infection, indicating the significant impact of H. pylori on this population. However, the intake of NSAIDs, smoking, family history, fasting habits and regular fast food consumption have no significant effects on the presence of H. pylori.

The current research aimed to improve the structural, optical, and sensing properties of vanadium pentoxide (V2O5) thin films produced via spray pyrolysis on varying substrate temperature (300–500 °C). Findings demonstrate that increasing the temperature drastically enhanced the crystal structure, as demonstrated by increased X-ray diffraction (XRD) peaks with the development of orthorhombic crystal structure. An increase in grain size is noted from approximately 16.5 nm at 300 °C to approximately 28.7 nm at 500°C according to the Scherrer equation, with a reduction in density of crystalline dislocations. The films showed quite low absorption in the visible region, with the optical energy gap (Eg) increasing from 3.15 eV to 3.7 eV as the temperature increased. This was attributed to quantum confinement and improved crystal development, and shown by AFM images of atom beam microscopy of a smooth surface with larger grain size and less defect on the surface at higher temperatures. In gas sensing tests, films deposited at 400 °C exhibited very significantly increased sensitivity to propane (C₃H₈) and carbon monoxide (CO) at 150 °C but had the highest sensitivity to nitric oxide (NO) at 50 °C. This is due to the process of redox reaction occurring on the surface of V2O5 in which reducing gases like CO enhance the conductivity by liberating electrons while oxidizing gases like NO lower the conductivity by capturing electrons. The thus research established that substrate temperature control during fabrication is necessary to achieve optimal features of V2O5 with a potential promising application for nonlinear optical devices, lithium batteries, and high-performance, low-cost gas sensors.

Benzimidazole is an isostere of purine nucleosides so; it is widely used as a basic nucleus in the development of different anticancer agents. Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTK) was found with high overexpression in many of aggressive cancer types. So, they are considered as important targets in cancer therapy. However, many of molecular mechanisms of resistance have been identified leading to multi-drug resistance thereby, as increase the need to discover new anticancer therapies. In this study, a set of 2- (amino methyl) benzimidazole derivatives were designed and docked virtually then were synthesized, characterized and studied their preliminary structure-activity relationship for cytotoxic activities for two cancer cell lines (breast and lung cancer) as well as Vero normal cells, using gefitinib as a reference standard. Most of the synthesized compounds were active against T47D cell line, and both 4g and 2g compounds give higher cytotoxicity than gefitinib, while A549 cell line showed a highly resistance to all compounds even gefitinib. More interesting, all synthesized compounds were inactive against normal cells. The docking score results of the synthesized compounds were compatible to their cytotoxic activity, this evidence gives a good explanation that they could act as receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (RTKIs). ADME study of the highly cytotoxic compounds with gefitinib was done with good drug likeness and pharmacokinetic results.

The Patient Safety Huddle (PSH) is a daily brief multidisciplinary meeting to discuss patient safety threats and actions to mitigate risk. This paper reports on frontline staff perspectives from five UK hospitals across three National Health Service (NHS) trusts (provider organizations) on the impact of PSHs on communication and teamwork. Perspectives were collected at two points– before and after PSHs had been embedded.Frontline teams from 25 wards were invited to complete a paper-based Evaluation Survey. In the first survey, 21 wards participated, generating 137 responses, and in the second survey, five wards participated, eliciting 32 responses. Additional group interviews with five ward teams were conducted (n=19 participants).PSHs improved teamwork and communication, both in terms of quality and quantity. The evaluation survey reported improved teamwork (108/137 answered positively) and communication (121/137). In facilitating a non-hierarchical, easily accessible, and fear-free space for discussing patients at risk of harm, the PSH was perceived as engendering a supportive environment for all staff and contributing to an enhanced safety culture.Patient Safety Huddles – at both pre and post-embedded stages - were perceived as improving communication and teamwork, resulting in a safe and collegiate environment that facilitates successful information sharing, improved multidisciplinary working, and the development of collective situational awareness. These factors may contribute to enhanced patient safety and quality of care.

Maximizing the yield of synthesizing compounds is as a serious production concern. Therefore, developing a new and more effective synthesis method is necessary for practicable research. In this study, a novel approach was described to the synthesis of 5,5’-methylenebis (salicylaldehyde) (MBS) using a sonochemical technique. Response surface methodology (RSM) under Design of experiments (DOE) using central composite design (CCD) was developed to acquire a high yield through optimizing three practicable parameters. The quadratic model resulting from processing analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed a good agreement between the experimental and predicted responses, as (R2 values of 0.9970 with adjusted and predicted R2 values of 0.9944 and 0.9806, respectively) implying good conformity between predicted and experimental values. The highest yield (19.3%) approach was obtained after 8 hours at 80 °C with a S:F ratio = 1.4%. Furthermore, the characterization, such as FTIR, 1H-NMR, 13CNMR, and EI-Mass spectrometry results support the MBS structure achieved through the sonochemical method.

The coronavirus disease was first discovered in Malaysia on the 25th of January, 2020. The number of positive cases remained stable until March 2020, where a large spike emerged. Different exploratory data analysis tools need to be used to easily observe the trend of coronavirus infections and ascertain the end of the pandemic. Also, the growth rate of the pandemic seems to be under-reported in many countries due to some issues. In this research, we explored the reported COVID-19 data using different discrete frequency tables. The positive cases, deaths, and recoveries were organized in general cases, cumulative cases and 14 days moving cases frequency tables. The reported positive cases were displayed according to the states as states' new cases, cumulative cases, and 14 days moving cases frequency tables. The end of the pandemic can be detected when there is no infection for 14 consecutive days and was determined in the country as a whole using the cumulative cases and the 14 days moving cases general frequency tables. Whereas in the states, the states' cumulative cases and the 14 days moving cases frequency tables were used to detect the end of COVID-19 pandemic.

The compound cadmium, magnesium and cobalt sulfide was prepared in liquid form at the concentration of each of them respectively (0.1, 0.5 and 0.5) M. Where all the films were prepared CdS, CdS:Mg , CdS:CO , CdS:Mg:CO using spray pyrolysis thermochemical technique. Solutions were deposited on glass bases at a fixed settling temperature of 450 °C and at a fixed spray rate of 15 sprays within 15 minutes. The thickness of the films that were prepared was 150 nm. Results showed that they are polycrystalline, and their grain size decreases when cobalt and magnesium are added to the cadmium sulfide compound, while the width of the curve increases with atomic FHWM because it is an inverse relationship between the grain size and full width at half maximum (FHWM). Also, the results showed that all the prepared films have high surface homogeneity and are free of cracks and needle holes that induce films during their preparation. In addition, results scanning electron microscope showed that the particle size decreases when cobalt and magnesium are added to the cadmium sulfide compound, and this result is identical to the results of X-ray diffraction. The optical properties of all the prepared films were studied, where the absorbance was measured as a function of wavelength and the absorption coefficient was calculated from the absorbance spectrum, as well as the energy gap values were calculated. The results showed that the absorbance spectrum behaves visually similar to all the prepared films and that the absorbance values decrease when cobalt and magnesium are added to the cadmium sulfide compound. While the results of the absorption coefficient showed that it behaves similar to the absorption spectrum due to the direct relationship between them, in addition to that, the values of the absorption coefficient showed that it is greater than (10000/cm), and this means that direct electronic transitions occur. By knowing the absorption coefficient, the values of the direct energy gap were calculated, and it was shown that its values increase when cobalt and magnesium are added to the cadmium sulfide compound.

The present study aimed to assess the therapeutic effect of chitosan nanoparticles and metronidazole against Giardia lamblia as well as evaluate the efficacy of loading metronidazole on chitosan nanoparticles.

This study was carried out at medical Parasitology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University and Theodor Bilharz Research institute (TBRI) from February 2019 to February 2020 on 45 hamsters. They were divided into 5 groups 9 hamsters each: Group A non-infected hamsters, Group B infected control group, Group C, D and E infected with G. lamblia and treated with Chitosan nanoparticles (CsNPs), metronidazole (MTZ) and metronidazoleloaded chitosan nanoparticles (MTZ-CsNPs) respectively.

The highest percentage of reduction in the Giardia cyst and trophozoite counts were in group that received MTZ-CsNPs (94.69%, 94.29%). Lower percentages of reduction were recorded for MTZ treated group (90.15%, 89.52%) and CsNPs treated group (63.64%, 75.24%). Histopathological examination showed marked healing of intestinal mucosa after treatment with MTZCsNPs.

CsNPs showed a therapeutic effect against Giardia infection in hamsters. Loading of metronidazole on chitosan nanoparticles enhanced therapeutic effect of both CsNPs as well as metronidazole.

One of the health challenges in Sub-Saharan countries is child malnutrition. Body Mass Index (BMI) can be defined as a measure of nutritional status. Examining the determinants of under-five children’s BMI is a significant subject that needs to be studied. For this study, quantile regression was used to identify the determinants of under-five children's BMI in Sudan.

We used the 2014 Sudan Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS) conducted by the Central Bureau of Statistics. Quantile regression was used.

Place of residence, state, mother’s educational level, gender, age of the child, and wealth index were an important effect significantly affecting under-five children’s BMI at different quantile levels.

Taking measures on the nutritional status of mothers will accordingly resolve the nutritional status of their children. Therefore, the focus of policymakers should be on the influential significant factors which were found across all quantile levels to plan and develop strategies to enhance the normal or healthy weight status of under-five children in Sudan.