Eurasian Chemical Communications
Volume:5 Issue: 4, Apr 2023

Today, due to the industrialization of human societies and the need to use fossil fuels as much as possible, the face of most cities in the world has become black and dirty due to pollution and fats from these fuels. In proportion to the progress of societies, the discovery of nano-sized materials can be the solution to many problems. Among them, two types of self-cleaning and hydrophobic coatings have been developed, which are based on hydrophobic properties, but with the difference that self-cleaning coatings are possible. Clean surfaces only by sunlight. By creating a coating of this material on the exterior of buildings and various structures, it is possible to decompose existing pollution, which are mostly hydrocarbon compounds, only by using sunlight. In addition to creating anti-water properties, nano self-cleaning solutions are very effective with the use of statin light that removes dust from surfaces. One of its applications is to use as anti-fog and self-cleaning materials. The hydrophilic properties of its materials allow water to spread completely on the surface instead of remaining as small droplets. Therefore, it can achieve anti-fog and self-cleaning effects. In these compounds, the catalyst can have self-cleaning and anti-fog effects. The complementary combination of PEG and 2SiO2 can improve such catalyst efficiency as crystal structure, crystal size, porosity level, and surface area.

Herein, five Schiff base molecules derived from para-nitrobenzaldehyde and different aniline derivatives are studied theoretically from the structure and energy perspectives. Density functional theory DFT method with 6-31+g(d,p) basis set is utilized to determine the optimized structure with the lowest energy in terms of the internal coordinates such as bond lengths, bond angles, and torsion angles. The study includes investigating the electronic indicators of the title molecules, such as frontier molecular orbital, electron affinity, ionization potential, and other parameters to predict the sites of reactivity and obtain an insight of the main properties of the molecules. Moreover, the electrostatic potential maps were determined and illustrated for the studied compounds to investigate the reactivity of charges on the surface of the molecules whether being of an electrophilic or nucleophilic nature. The study aims to examine the effect of changing the functional group in para-location of the aniline moieties on the molecular and geometrical properties of the molecules.

Curcumin (CUR) acts as a strong protector against various diseases, including HIV, cardiovascular infection, cancer, and neurological and skin diseases. CUR, a polyphenols with pharmacological function, was successfully encapsulated in algae (Alg) cell (Chlorella Vulgaris) as confirmed by fluorescence microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The effects of molar ratio, salutation, loading capacity, drug release rate, and selective toxicity were investigated in this study. After obtaining C. Vulgaris with entrapped CUR, this mixture was centrifuged and re-suspended in 10 mL of water along with the ultra-sonication. This step was carried out twice to remove methanol. Finally, the CUR-loaded C. Vulgaris was prepared to perform further experiments to determine the role of this algal species as a carrier. Thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) showed that 83% of Chlorella microalga and 64% of CUR were destroyed at 600 °C. DPPH was used to evaluate CUR, which was more than 85% pure CUR. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectral data were derived from all samples, including the control C. Vulgaris, CUR, and CUR-loaded C. Vulgaris using a Perkin-Elmer Lambda 30 UV/VIS spectrophotometer (AH and Aysel 2003) in the 200-400 nm UV region. Then, the FTIR spectrums of the items mentioned above were determined using a Shimadzu IR-470 plus device and were plotted. This study provides an overview of an effective nano-formulation of CUR for a targeted treatment option for various human diseases. In conclusion, the data proved that the C. Vulgaris cell could be used as a new stable carrier for CUR.

Maximizing the yield of synthesizing compounds is as a serious production concern. Therefore, developing a new and more effective synthesis method is necessary for practicable research. In this study, a novel approach was described to the synthesis of 5,5’-methylenebis (salicylaldehyde) (MBS) using a sonochemical technique. Response surface methodology (RSM) under Design of experiments (DOE) using central composite design (CCD) was developed to acquire a high yield through optimizing three practicable parameters. The quadratic model resulting from processing analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed a good agreement between the experimental and predicted responses, as (R2 values of 0.9970 with adjusted and predicted R2 values of 0.9944 and 0.9806, respectively) implying good conformity between predicted and experimental values. The highest yield (19.3%) approach was obtained after 8 hours at 80 °C with a S:F ratio = 1.4%. Furthermore, the characterization, such as FTIR, 1H-NMR, 13CNMR, and EI-Mass spectrometry results support the MBS structure achieved through the sonochemical method.

In this work, 2-amino pyridine was mixed with biphenyl bromide under refluxed to give the product of 2-biphenyl imidazo [1,2-a] pyridine (1). Compound (1) was treated with 4-amino acetophenone with formaldehyde dissolved in absolute ethanol to yield Mannich base (2). Schiff bases [3I-3K] were also prepared by condensed compound (2) dissolved in absolute ethanol with few drops of glacial acetic acid and different aromatic amines. After that, Schiff bases were cyclized using three reagents such as marcapto acetic acid, succinic anhydride, and 3-Nitrophthalic anhydride dissolved in absolute ethanol under refluxed at certain temperature to form thiozolidinone (4I-4K), (1,3)oxazepine-4,7-dione (5K-5I) and 4-Nitro benzo (1,3) oxazepine-4,7-dione (6I-6K) compounds. All compounds were characterized by FT-IR, 1H-NMR, and 13C-NMR spectra. Some new compounds were evaluated as antioxidant and anticorrosion agents.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative conditions and a major contributor to dementia in the elderly and its prevalence is rising quickly. There are currently 50 million AD sufferers globally, according to the epidemiological data. The most noticeable signs of AD are nearly nonexistent, and they typically include forgetting of recent events. The development of extracellular Amyloid-beta 42 plaques, intracellular hyperphosphorylated Tau tangles, oxidative overload because of mitochondrial malfunction, and genetic abnormalities are just a few of the mechanisms that contribute to AD. Through temporary palliative therapy, which reduces the rate of cognitive damage linked to AD, the current treatment primarily addresses symptoms. In numerous studies, medicinal plants have been linked to potential anti-AD effects. This review aims to explain the underlying pathways of action of various plant-mediated extracts, plant-secondary metabolites, and herbal remedies preparations tested against AD as published in various preclinical and clinical research studies.

In recent years, there has been growing interest in using Nanosystems in different biomedical applications. Among all metal nanoparticles, selenium nanoparticles have attracted the attention of many researchers due to its low toxicity and nutritional supplementation value. The purpose of the current study was designed to examine the possible effect of selenium nanoparticles in combination with fenugreek leaves extract (an edible herb with good medicinal properties) in the treatment of oxidative stress status-related to polycystic ovary syndrome in letrozole-induced PCOS (an imbalance of reproductive hormones that causes infertility) in adult female rats. Cold plasma was used in the preparation of selenium nanoparticles subsequently the produced nanoparticles were characterized. Thirty rats were divided into six equal groups, including a healthy rat handled with distilled water given orally. To induce the PCOS, rats were given letrozole (1 mg/kg) B.W daily for 21 days, (the letrozole was dissolved in 1% carboxymethylcellulose. The second group was left without any treatment (PCOS group), and the rats in the other 4 groups were treated orally and daily for 30 days using the following treatments: metformin, fenugreek extract only, SeNPs only, and fenugreek extract with SeNPs, where used SeNPs at 10 min of exposure to plasma. Biochemical tests (amylase, superoxide dismutase, and malondialchehyche) levels as well as histopathological examination were performed. The outcomes of the present study show the effective effect selenium nanoparticles in combination with fenugreek leaves extract for the PCOS treatment which can be suggested as a new drug in the PCOS management.