mostafa montazeri

This study investigated the effect of applying cyanoacrylate adhesive on clinical indices involved in the healing process of the palatal wound following free gingival graft (FGG) harvesting.

In this randomized controlled clinical trial, 15 patients who required bilateral FGG harvesting were randomly assigned to two groups. In the suture group, the wound was closed by Vicryl 4-0 sutures; whereas in the control group, the wound closure and hemostasis were attained by applying a concentrated mixture of n-butyl and 2-octyl cyanoacrylate. The primary outcomes included pain according to a visual analog scale (VAS), discomfort, healing rate, early and late bleeding, ease of feeding, wound epithelization rate, and sensory disturbances within one week and three months following the surgery. Statistical analysis was performed with the Chi-square and Mann-Whitney U tests (alpha=0.05). 

Cyanoacrylate application on the wound was significantly faster than suturing (2.12±1.23 minutes vs. 8.42±2.24 minutes, P<0.0001). The mean postoperative pain score (P=0.015), patient discomfort (P=0.017), and healing rate (P=0.024) were significantly more favorable in the cyanoacrylate group compared to the control group during the first week after surgery. Rate of wound epithelialization showed no significant difference between the two groups (P>0.05).

Application of cyanoacrylate adhesive to enhance the healing of palatal donor site wound decreased pain and discomfort and enhanced healing during the first postoperative week. In general, cyanoacrylate application is comparable to suturing in palatal wound healing and may be used for faster (by 6 minutes) closure of FGG wounds.

In this paper, for the first time, a numerical code based on the Levenberg–Marquardt method is presented to solve the inverse heat transfer problem of an annular jet on a cylinder with uniform transpiration and estimate the time-dependent wall temperature using temperature distribution at a point. Also, the effect of noisy data on the final result is studied. For this purpose, the immediate task is to solve the temperature with no dimensions and convection Heat transfer in a cylinder with a radial incompressible flow numerically. The free stream is steady, and the initial strain rate of flow is . The equations of momentum and energy are transformed into semi-similar equations using similarity variables. After discretizing the new equation system using the finite difference technique, it is solved by using the tri-diagonal matrix algorithm. After that, the wall temperature is calculated throughout using the Levenberg–Marquardt approach. This is a collaborative technique aimed at minimizing the least-square summation of the error values, where the error indicates the difference between the predicted and observed temperatures. This method exhibits considerable stability for noisy input data. In most cases, surface blowing decreases the prediction accuracy by displacement of the boundary layers from the surface, whereas suction acts vice versa. The main reason for this study is that in many industrial applications, it is not possible to insert the sensor on the wall to measure the temperature of the wall the sensor can be inserted in another place and the wall temperature distribution can be obtained by inverse analysis (Determining of unknown boundary condition).

The pursuit of establishing a new Islamic civilization and countering prevailing deviant discourses requires a nuanced understanding of power, firmly rooted in religious principles and aligned with authentic human experiences. This necessitates the development of a comprehensive theoretical framework. This research leverages the jurisprudential teachings of Imam Khomeini (may his soul be sanctified) and his interpretation of the hadith "The Three Knowledges" to explore the meaningful relationships among the three levels of humanity, the three domains of jurisprudence, and the three principal areas of vital sciences. The interconnections among these elements and their multifaceted impacts form the foundation of this study and contribute to the construction of a "jurisprudential theoretical framework." By integrating power within this framework, the concept of "jurisprudential power" is introduced, providing the basis for the "formulation of jurisprudential power." This article elaborates on the definitions of the various fields of jurisprudence, examines their thematic elements, and delineates their respective missions and functions in both individual and societal contexts. Additionally, it analyzes the six-dimensional effects of these fields of jurisprudence, addressing both their reinforcing and diminishing influences. The findings yield a novel conceptualization of the semantic system, hierarchies, missions, objectives, examples, and effects of power, collectively referred to as the "theoretical framework of jurisprudence," with the aim of promoting humanization and civilization. The study employs a descriptive-analytical methodology supported by comprehensive library research.

The issue of security has always been one of the most essential human needs and the most important concern of rulers and one of the most challenging topics for scientists. The main question of this research is, what security strategies did the Imams of Masoomin (AS) use? In other words, this article has sought to achieve strategies for providing security, based on the perspective of Imams Masoomin, peace be upon them, who are considered the best examples in all aspects of human life. In order to achieve this goal, the books of Arba'ah, which are one of the most important Shia sources in the knowledge of the Imams of the Infallibles (AS), have been used as the text and the content analysis method has been used to analyze the data. The independent variable is mainly their time and place conditions, which is the reason for the difference in the characteristics of Ahl al-Bayt's strategies, and security is also considered as a dependent variable. The results of the research show: "According to their historical conditions, the innocents have used four security strategies of restraining power and exercising legitimate power, the security strategy of expediency, the security strategy of enjoining good and forbidding evil, and the security strategy of taqiyyah."

Merit-based selection for positions, especially within the judiciary, is considered as a paramount strategies for promoting good governance and advancing a modern Islamic civilization. To attain this objective, leveraging the invaluable experiences of Islamic civilization is of utmost significance. Given the pivotal role of the Court of Justice in upholding social justice, public security and welfare, it has always held a sensitive position within the administrative framework of Islamic civilization. Rulers have consistently prioritized appointing individuals of the utmost suitability for this role. Therefore, this research endeavors to address two fundamental questions: firstly, were there specific criteria and strategies for appointing judges? If the answer is affirmative, the subsequent question pertains to the methods and processes for equipping qualified individuals for this role. This research adopts a descriptive-analytical approach and relies on library documents. it begins by tracing the historical development of the judicial role and subsequently delves into explicating the responses to these questions, drawing inspiration from texts related to the state administration. Within this context, various requirements, encompassing qualifications for sound judgment and personal attributes, have been meticulously considered by the leaders. These include elements such as field research, face-to-face interviews, reviews of past experiences, among others, aimed at achieving the most judicious selection.

All solving methods available in the literature are formulated for direct solution of stagnation point flow and its heat transfer impinging on the surfaces with known boundary conditions. In this study for the first time, an anumerical code based on Levenberg–Marquardt method is presented for solving the inverse heat transfer problem of an annular jet on a cylinder and estimating the time-dependent heat flux using temperature distribution at a specific point. Also, the effect of noisy data on the final results is studied. For this purpose, the numerical solution of the dimensionless temperature and the convective heat transfer in a radial incompressible flow on a cylinder rod is carried out as a direct problem.In the direct problem, the free stream is steady with an initial flow strain rate of k. Using similarity variables and appropriate transformations, momentum and energy equations are converted into Semi-similar equations. The new equation systems are then discretized using an implicit finite difference method and solved by applying the Tri-Diagonal Matrix Algorithm (TDMA). The heat flux is then estimated by applying the Levenberg–Marquardt parameter estimation approach. This technique is an iterative approach based on minimizing the least-square summation of the error values, the error being the difference between the estimated and measured temperatures. Results of the inverse analysis indicate that the Levenberg–Marquardt algorithm is an efficient and acceptably stable technique for estimating heat flux in axisymmetric stagnation flow. This method also exhibits considerable stability for noisy input data. The maximum value of the sensitivity coefficient is related to the estimation of exponential heat flux and its value is 0.1619 also the minimum value of the sensitivity coefficient is 5.62´10-6 which is related to the triangular heat flux. The results show that the parameter estimation error in calculating the triangular and trapezoidal heat flux is greater than the exponential and sinus–cosines heat flux because the maximum value of RMS error is obtained for these two cases, which are 0.481 and 0.489, respectively the reason for the increase in the errors in estimating these functions is the existence of points where the first derivative of the function does not exist. The problem is particularly important in pressure-lubricated bearings.

This study aimed to evaluate the amount of bone regeneration in critical defects of rabbit calvaria filled with magnesium‑ and strontium‑doped bioactive glasses.

In this rabbit critical‑size calvarial defects study, 12 male New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into two groups. On the calvaria of each rabbit, four lesions (two lesions in the frontal bone and two lesions in the peritoneal bone) were created with a diameter of 8 mm spaced apart. Each lesion was filled in with (1) strontium‑doped bioactive glass,(2) magnesium‑doped bioactive glass,(3) 45S5 bioactive glass, and (4) empty lesion (control). Six rabbits were sacrificed at the end of 4 weeks, and six rabbits were randomly sacrificed at the end of 8 weeks. Bone sections with a 5‑µ thickness of rabbit calvary bone were prepared, and the percentage of new bone, connective tissue, and residual material were calculated in microscopic images. Statistical analysis was performed by two‑way ANOVA and Bonferroni additional tests, and the level of significance was set at P < 0.05 in all categories.

At 4 weeks, magnesium‑doped bioactive glass showed the highest new bone formation with a mean of 11.66 ± 2.64, followed by the strontium‑doped bioactive glass with the mean of 11.10 ± 1.69 (P = 0.0001). While at week 8, the highest amount of new bone observed in the strontium‑doped group with a mean of 28.22 ± 3.19, and then, the magnesium‑doped bioactive glass with a mean of 22.55 ± 3.43 (P = 0.0001).

Doping strontium and magnesium in the structure of bioactive glasses increases new bone regeneration in comparison with 45S5 bioactive glass.

This study aimed to compare the colonization of Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis), Escherichia coli (E. coli), Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) isolated from the oral cavity on different suture materials used in oral implantology.

Patients scheduled for implant surgery were included in this study. After flap approximation, the surgical site was sutured using silk, nylon, polyglactin 910 (Vicryl®) and triclosan-coated polyglactin 910 (Vicryl® Plus) sutures in a randomized order. Seven days after surgery, the sutures were removed and incubated in bile esculin agar (for E. faecalis), MacConkey agar (for E. coli), mitis salivarius agar (for S. mutans), and mannitol salt agar (for S. aureus) at 37°C for 24 h. The colonies were then counted. Data were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests.

Vicryl® sutures showed the highest accumulation of E. faecalis, followed by Vicryl® Plus, nylon, and silk. There was no significant difference between nylon and silk (P=0.5) or between Vicryl® and Vicryl® Plus (P=0.4). Vicryl® Plus sutures showed the highest accumulation of E. coli followed by Vicryl®, silk and nylon (P<0.01). Vicryl® sutures showed the highest accumulation of S. mutans, followed by Vicryl® Plus, silk, and nylon. Vicryl® Plus sutures showed the highest accumulation of S. aureus, followed by Vicryl®, nylon, and silk.

Nylon sutures showed the least microbial accumulation. Vicryl® and triclosan-coated Vicryl® Plus sutures had no advantage over the commonly used silk sutures in decreasing the number of bacteria.

In the course of periodontal diseases, polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) produce oxidative agents and free radicals, thus triggering oxidant-antioxidant disequilibrium in the saliva. Due to the reduction of antioxidant protective effect, oxidative stress is induced, destroying periodontal tissues. This study aimed to investigate the consequences of the non-surgical phase of periodontal therapy on the level ofsalivary antioxidantsin patients with generalized moderate-to-severe chronic periodontitis.

Un-stimulated salivary samples were collected from 43 patients with generalized moderate-to-severe chronic periodontitis for 5 minutes. Clinical parameters, including clinical attachment loss (CAL), bleeding on probing (BoP) and pocket depth (PD), were recorded in each tooth and subsequently, scaling and root planing (SRP) was carried out. After four weeks, salivary samples were collected once again, and the above-mentioned clinical parameters were recorded. Following centrifugation and freezing at a temperature of -80°C, salivary samples were examined simultaneously in a single day, and the level of their antioxidants was measured with ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) method using a spectrophotometer.

The concentration of salivary antioxidants significantly increased four weeks following the non-surgical periodontal therapy (P<0.0001). Moreover, the clinical parameters of CAL, BoP and PD showed a significant decrease in 4 weeks as well (P<0.0001).

The level of salivary antioxidants in patients with generalized moderate to severe chronic periodontitis significantly increased after etiotropic periodontal therapy, indicating the possible beneficial influence of periodontal therapy on the level of salivary antioxidants in patients suffering from periodontitis.

Nowadays, a wide-range of EOR methods are used to enhance oil recovery from carbonate reservoirs. They arethe most scattered reservoirs all over the world.Smart water injection is one of the popular and newest methods in EOR. It controls the wettability of rocks. In this study, wettability alteration and the rate of wettability modification are investigated by zeta potential and contact angle experiments. Smart water is a kind of water with controllable salinity and ion concentration. In this regard, five different samples of smart water were synthesized by different concentrations of SO42-, Ca2+, Mg2+ ions, based on Persian Gulf seawater TDS. Then, the results were compared to those obtained from formation water and seawater, as the blank samples. The ability of the smart waters in controlling rock wettability was examined by pursuing of zeta potentials in the presence of different water samples at ambient condition. According to the results, the zeta potential of carbonate sands in the presence of water samples SW#4SO4, SW#2SO4, SW, and formation water was -9.61,-7.13,-1.25 and15.8, respectively. The data suggested that the samples SW#4SO4 and SW#2SO4 are the two most effective smart water samples in wettability alteration. After that, the most capable smart water samples with the most negative zeta potential was selected to be used for the contact angle experiment. The results showed that, in the presence of SW#4SO4, SW#2SO4, SW and formation water, the final contact angle decreased from their initial values (144.23˚, 149.68˚, 136.63˚, and 139.89˚) to 87.10˚, 105.17˚, 135.66˚, and 143.13˚, respectively, which is in a good agreement with the results of zeta potential. These data showed that the amount of sulfate ions in the smart water can control the wettability of rock from oil to water-wet state.

 This study aimed to determine the long-term survival rate of implants placed in fresh sockets of extracted maxillary molars with simultaneous sinus floor elevation and early loading protocol.

Nineteen maxillary molar teeth were extracted by tooth sectioning, and the sockets were debrided. Drilling for implant placement (Either Xive, Dentsply or Axiom, Antogyr) was terminated 1 mm short of the sinus floor with a pilot drill. Then, according to Summers’ technique, elevation of the Schneiderian membrane and bone grafting were performed. The implants were placed according to non-submerged procedure after sinus grafting and preparation of the desired osteotomy site.

The implants had been in function up to 5 years and the mean time of loading was 33.12 months. Analysis of crestal bone loss records indicated a mean of -0.054±0.56 mm of bone resorption (with a range of –0.86 to +0.90 mm). The amount of crestal bone resorption on the mesial and distal surfaces of implants was -0.02±0.559 mm and -0.09±0.59 mm, respectively (P=0.232). Survival rates and success rates were 100% and 95.45%, respectively.

Immediate implant placement in the posterior maxilla with simultaneous sinus floor augmentation and early loading was a reliable and predictable approach.

Due to the integrity and divinity of the Islamic jurisprudence it plays a unique role in human life. However, there isn’t a practical and comprehensive model for the application of Islamic law in the political and social system. The importance of this matter moved the author of this paper to study the process of achieving jurisprudence doctrine of Imam Khomeini (RA).First, the jurisprudence system is analyzed with regard to the recognition at law and with emphasis on Imam Khomeini (RA) thoughts. Then three layers of jurisprudence, philosophy and mysticism, ethics and common law, are introduced and entitled: major jurisprudence, mediocre jurisprudence and minor jurisprudence. In fact, the system of jurisprudence, characterize theoretical framework. Later, the analytical framework of the doctrine, is explained as a good model to express the results of the first part in the form of instructions for governance. In this qualitative study, has been accomplished using documents and library resources.

Estrogen affects the metabolism in females. This study aimed to assess the effect of absence of estrogen on orthodontic tooth movement in rats.
In this animal study, 55 rats were randomly divided into four groups. Group 1 (n=10) had intact ovaries. In group 2 (n=15), ovaries were intact but the rats were subjected to stress due to tooth preparation. In group 3 (n=15), the ovaries were intact but the rats were subjected to stress due to tooth preparation and surgical manipulation. In group 4 (n=15), ovaries were removed and the rats were subjected to stress due to tooth preparation and surgical manipulation. Orthodontic appliances were placed after 14 days in groups 2 to 4. All groups except for group 1 were subjected to mesial movement of maxillary right first molar using NiTi closed coil spring applying 60g load for 21 days. The rats were sacrificed at 21 days and the amount of orthodontic tooth movement was measured using a feeler gauge. Data were analyzed using ANOVA.
The mean orthodontic tooth movement was 1.18±0.2 mm in group 4, which was significantly greater than that in group 3 (0.47±0.18 mm) and group 2 (0.22±0.07 mm) (P Absence of estrogen can significantly accelerate orthodontic tooth movement in rats.