فهرست مطالب n. amani

The purpose of this research is to analyze the energy of a residential building in the city of Tabriz with a cold and dry climate using energy simulation to provide a model to minimize energy consumption. A comparative model of energy consumption analysis in a three-story building unit with dimensions of 181 square meters is presented using 5 layout modes in the wall, floor, ceiling, window and door. The number of 5 designs with different arrangement of rooms and different number of windows were compared in terms of energy conservation in 51 different diagrams and the optimal energy saving design is selected. In the next step, according to the obtained results, the design of the building in the desired site is discussed. At the end, in order to check the amount of energy absorbed in the building, energy diagrams will be obtained for the thermal region of the coldest day of the year. The results show that the most optimal energy consumption of the residential building is related to the design of plan B with the fabric gains value of 41767 Wh. After that, the designed plan A show the most optimal energy consumption in the building with fabric gains value of 41028 Wh in the month of July. The results of this research are useful for energy ‎efficiency of residential buildings and environmental management in future.

The building sectors are recognized as one of the essential contributors of global warming and climate change because of their high energy use. The building sector is responsible for 40% of all energy usage and 40% of the CO2 emissions in the developed countries. Researchers in the world are working on energy management and conservation using simulation software to develop strategies that lead to an overall reduction of energy consumption in the buildings. This review is considered a modeling and simulation approach with a specific focus on residential building. Modeling and simulation methods reviewed are presented categorically as per the strategic approach adopted by the researchers. Simulation results available for residential building energy are also introduced. This research has reviewed the capabilities and performances on Ecotect simulation and modeling, including daylighting, solar radiation, thermal analysis, and shading for energy management and conservation of residential building. Different modeling and simulation approaches, from various building and climate, were reviewed and discussed. The analysis of present work greatly help the researchers' decision-making and selection of software to perform various simulations in energy management of residential buildings.

According to the latest energy balance sheets, the average energy consumption in the residential sector of Iran is about 41% of the total energy consumption in the country. Increasing the energy efficiency of buildings can decrease the annual energy consumption in the residential sector and, thereby, the energy costs of families. The objectives of this study were to evaluate and prioritize the effective factors in reducing the energy consumption in residential buildings in the north of Iran using the climatic conditions analysis. In the first step, the amount of energy consumption in the cooling and heating section was estimated in the base conditions, and in the next step, the amount of energy consumption was calculated. The obtained results were compared with each other with the help of optimization strategies for energy consumption using the Design Builder software. Finally, a set of effective factors were determined to be involved in decreasing the energy consumption. The results showed that application of the LED lamps instead of the conventional fluorescent lamps could decrease the energy consumption by 980.4 kWh. Moreover, changing the materials of the walls and ceiling, using the polyurethane foam insulation with the thickness of 20 mm, and using the double-glazed UPVC windows reduced the energy consumption by 770 kWh. Energy reduction of about 101.5 kWh was also obtained after external movable awning and internal blind. The most commonly used materials were analyzed by the Design Builder software. The analysis was done by integrating building architecture engineering (the best form of orientation and facade) based on the reasonable costs of consuming common materials in the area. The obtained results can be used for both evaluating the energy efficiency in residential buildings and producing a comfortable living environment in a moderate and humid climate.

Building information modeling can help in predicting the energy efficiency in future based on dynamic patterns obtained by visualization of data. The aim of this study was to investigate the effective parameters of energy consumption using BIM technology which can evaluate the buildings energy performance. First, three forms of general states in the building were modeled to evaluate the proposed designs in Autodesk Revit Software. Then, the main building form for energy modeling and analysis was selected. Autodesk Revit 2020 software was also used to obtain the results of climate data analysis and building energy consumption index. Finally, the most optimal mode was selected by examining different energy consumption modes. The results showed that the use of building information modeling technology in adjusting the parameters affecting energy consumption can save energy cost up to 58.23% in block D. Energy cost savings for block C and the western lobby were obtained as 51.03% and 43.05%, respectively. Based on energy use intensity, energy cost savings for blocks C, D, and the western lobby were estimated as 16.67%, 16.30%, and 11%, respectively. The results of parametric studies on alternative schemes of energy use intensity optimization showed that 16.30% savings could be achieved by the base building model in a 30-year time horizon. Therefore, it was concluded that optimization of energy consumption would reduce the environmental pollutants emission and contribute to preservation and sustainability of the environment.

After the end of the war and the return of the warriors to the family, due to the stresses of the war and its devastating effect on the spirit and soul of the veterans, the adverse effects of war on the family, especially the spous, continue.The aim of this study was to investigate the mediating role of psychological security in the relationship between optimism and self-compassion with psychological well-being in veterans' spouses. In this descriptive-correlational study with the path analysis model, 226 veterans’ spouses supported by the foundation of martyrs and veterans affairs of Mashhad were selected by available sampling method in the winter of 2016. The instruments of the study included Reef’s Psychological Well-being Scales, Reis et al.’s Self-Compassion Scales, Scheier and Carver’s Optimism Scale, and Maslow's psychological security questionnaire. The data were analyzed by Amos 20 and SPSS 22 software, using Pearson correlation coefficient, path analysis method, and structural equation modeling. There was a positive and significant correlation between psychological security with optimism and self-compassion, also, there was a positive and significant correlation optimism, self- compassion, and psychological security with psychological well-being (p<0.05). The direct effect of optimism and self- compassion on psychological well-being was not significant (p>0.05), but psychological security had a mediating role in the relationship between optimism and self- compassion with psychological well-being. Indices related to the fitting of the path model indicated a fairly favorable fit of the model (p<0.05). The relationship between optimism and self-compassion with psychological well-being is not a simple linear relationship and psychological security can mediate this relationship.

Prostate cancer is the most common form of malignancy among men. Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is used to screen for prostate cancer and may vary depending on different factors, such as age. This study aimed to investigate the cut-off value for PSA in patients diagnosed with prostate cancer.

This cross-sectional study was conducted on patients with prostate biopsy diagnosis undergoing transrectal ultrasound during 2011-2014. Data collection was performed using prepared checklists.

In total, 422 patients were enrolled in this study, 180 of whom (42.7%) were diagnosed with adenocarcinoma, and 242 (57.3%) had benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Mean age of the patients was 63.03±9.62 years, and the mean PSA was 27.95±64.44 ng/ml. The mean of PSA in patients over 51 years was 28.66±65.51 ng/ml, which was significantly higher than the values of the patients under 50 years of age (p=0.005).

According to the results of this study, the risk of prostate cancer was higher in the men within the age range of 60-80 years. In addition, patients with PSA levels of 10-20 ng/mL need to be fully screened for prostate cancer.

Gastric cancer is the fourth most common cancer and the second most common cause of cancer deaths worldwide. This study was designed to compare demographic characteristics، clinical symptoms and endoscopy findings in patients diagnosed as gastric ulcer versus gastric cancer.

This cross sectional study was carried out on all patients underwent upper endoscopy in Shahid Beheshti hospital of Babol، Iran during the years 2005-2010. Demographic characteristics، BMI، smoking، opium addiction، H. pylori status، clinical symptoms like: dysphasia، weight loss، nausea and vomiting، dyspepsia، anemia، upper gastrointestinal tract bleeding، and anatomic location of lesion in different parts of the stomach were main variables for comparison.

Of these 961 patients، 601 (62. 5%) were men and 359 (37. 4%) were women. The mean age of the patients with gastric ulcer was 53. 9±17. 1 years old and in patients with gastric cancer was 66. 0±14. 3 years old (p<0. 001). The BMI of the patients with gastric ulcer was 24. 97±4. 58 kg/m2 and in patients with gastric cancer was 23. 21±4. 10 kg/m2 (p<0. 001). The most common symptoms in patients with gastric cancer were epigastric pain (44. 8%)، nausea and vomiting (15. 2%)، dysphagia (8. 7%)، weight loss (8. 8%) and upper gastrointestinal tract bleeding (23. 1%).

Clinical findings are not specific for the diagnosis of patients with cancer. Adoption of procedures for screening people in areas with high prevalence of gastric cancer should be a priority for future research.