n. samadi

Nursing is viewed as a profession with a high prevalence of occupational, physical, and psychological problems. This study aimed to determine and compare subjective rumination and impulsivity among nurses working in psychiatric and non-psychiatric wards in Zare and Imam Hospitals, Sari.

This is a descriptive-analytic study done on 279 nurses of Sari, Zare and Imam Hospitals’ psychiatric (186) and non-psychiatric (93) wards, selected by simple random sampling. Research tools included demographic-occupational questionnaires, the short version of Ruminative Response Scale (RRS), and Barratt Impulsiveness Scale and Minnesota job satisfaction questionnaire (MSQ). Data were analyzed by SPSS-24 software through Chi-square, t-test, and Pearson’s correlation coefficient with significance.

The mean score of cognitive, motor, non-planning impulsivity of nurses working in psychiatric wards’ nurses were 13.98±2.15, 11.61±2.67 and 15.50±1.88; and at non-psychiatric wards’ those variables were 14.75±2.50, 12.84±3.14, 16.21±2.49 (p=0.01). Moreover, the mean score of rumination of psychiatric and non-psychiatric wards’ nurses were (24.81±4.47) and (25.85±4.68), respectively, being statistically significant (p=0.05).

According to the obtained results, rumination and all dimensions of impulsivity were higher than average among nursing staff in non-psychiatric departments and lower than average in psychiatric department. According to the results, based on the presence of rumination and impulsivity among the nursing staff of different departments of the hospital, interventions can be designed to control rumination and impulsivity and provide safe and quality services to patients.

Growth and survival rate in the larval stages of marine fish are influenced by the live feeds. Different methods were used for enrichment of the live feeds with vitamins and fatty acids, however, those methods cannot be used for soluble materials such as zinc. So, in this research, the effects of zinc-threonine enriched Saccharomyces cerevisiae, on growth factors and mineral composition of marine rotifer, Brachionus plicatilis was investigated. For this purpose, rotifers in four groups including: 1) yeast without enrichment (the control), 2) yeast containing 18.22 mg g-1 of zinc 3) yeast containing 23.76 mg g-1 of zinc and 4) yeast containing 46.15 mg g-1 of zinc were cultured for 10 days. Based on results, in group with 46.15 mg g-1 of zinc-threonine the specific growth rate (SGR) and mineral composition of rotifers significantly improved (p<0.05). Maximum number of rotifers and eggs were 219.3±2.0 and 30.3±11.0 number ml-1, respectively. The eggs ratio (the number of eggs/total number of female rotifers) and SGR is related to the group of 23.76 mg g-1 and 46.15 mg g-1 of zinc-threonine, respectively. Highest amount of zinc in treatment 4 was 977± 4.99 mg kg-1 of rotifers. Also the amount of Cu in treatment 4 was significantly higher than other groups. Conversely, by increasing zinc content, other ions levels like Fe and Mn were significantly decreased (p<0.05). In conclusion, zinc-threonine enriched yeast could improve the growth, reproduction and mineral composition of marine rotifers, Brachionus plicatilis.

 Squill [Drimia maritima (L.) Stearn] is an important medicinal plant that has been used for medicinal purposes such as cardiovascular diseases and asthma since ancient times. Bufadienolides are the main compounds of this plant and are responsible for some reported adverse effects. In order to reduce adverse effects, different methods like boiling with vinegar were applied by traditional practitioners. In the present study, the acute oral toxicity, cytotoxic effects, proscillaridin A content and antibacterial properties of methanol and vinegar extracts of squill white variety were compared for exploring the efficacy of traditional processing method.

Different doses of extracts (1000-5000 mg/kg) were administered during oral gavage in rats to analyze the acute oral toxicity. Cytotoxicity against HT-29, Caco-2 and NIH3T3 cell lines and antibacterial activity (Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli) were investigated using MTT assay and conventional agar dilution method, respectively. Proscillaridin A content was evaluated in the extracts (vinager and methanol) by a validated high performance liquid chromatography method.

During the in vivo research no death or observed effect occurred in animals that received the extracts. Our results showed that all of the extracts exhibited no cytotoxic effects in experimented cell lines (IC50>1000 μg/mL). Proscillaridin A was only detected in the methanol extract and no significant antibacterial effect was detected in methanol extract.

According to results of the present study, processing squill with vinegar according to traditional experiences can reduce possible the side effects of bufadienolids.

Ferula assa-foetida (asafoetida) is a native Iranian species which grows in different regions and climates in Iran. The plant is well known in Iranian Traditional Medicine as well as folk medicine for treatment of diseases. Several studies have been carried out on the essential oil of this species collected from different areas of Iran. This study is the first report about the essential oil of the plant collected from Neishabour mountains that is a potent area for growing this valuable plant species.

Essential oil of the aerial part of Ferula assa-foetidawhich wascollected from Neishabour, Iran, was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC/MS). The minimum inhibitory concentrations of the essential oil was investigated against both Gram-positive (Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis) and Gram-negative (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumonia) bacteria using microdilution method.

Twenty three components representing 97.06% of the total oil were identified. (E)-1-propenyl sec-butyl disulfide (53.77%), (Z)-1-propenyl sec-butyl disulfide (35.6%) and α-pinene (3.4%) were identified as major components. The MICof the essential oil ranged from 12-24 mg/mL against all tested bacteria.

The results indicated that among various compounds identified in the essential oil of F. assa-foetida L. from Neishabour mountains, disulphide compounds were the major constituents of the oil. In comparison to other reports of this plant around the country, disulphide compounds could be the reason of its moderate antibacterial effect.

Breast cancer is one of the most common leading causes of cancer–related mortality in women. Silibinin, a natural flavonolignane and the main component of milk thistle (Silybum maianum), has conventionally been overlooked as anti-hepatotoxic and anti-cancer agent. In this study, we assessed the effects of Silibinin on breast cancer cell viability, growth, apoptotsis and expression level of P53 gene in MCF-7 cells. The MCF-7 cells were treated in the medium of RPMI1640 and silibinin (control and 25–800 μM) for 24, 48 and 72 hours. Cell proliferation was assessed by MTT (Methyl-Thiazol-Tetrazolium) assay. The percentage of apoptosis was determined by flow cytometry analysis using Annexin-V fluorecence isothiocyanat (FITC). The fold changes of P53 expression were determined by Real-Time PCR. The results showed the maximum inhibitory effect of silibinin on the inhibition of cell growth and induction of apoptosis at a concentration of 200 μM after 24 hour incubation (p<0.05). Incubation of the cells with silibinin for 48 hours descended IC50 value to 148 μM (p<0.05). The flowcytometric analysis showed that silibinin-induced apoptosis is independent of its cytotoxic effects on the cells. Increase in the percentage of apoptosis was associated with significant increase in P53 mRNA level. Silibinin inhibited cell growth and induced apoptosis in a time-dose depending effect. Furthermore, Silibinin treatment resulted in apoptotic effects on MCF-7 cells. These results sug-gested that Silibinin could be an affective component to induce cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in vitro.

Type 2 diabetes is a chronic metabolic disease and a major global health problem. Individuals with this disorder commonly suffer from feelings of failure and despair. Therefore struggling with this illness and treatment procces affects their mental and social well-being. This study aimed to determine the relationship between self-esteem and quality of life in people with type 2 diabetes.

This cross-sectional study was performed on 280 type 2 diabetes patients admitted to clinic of diabetes in Imam Khomeini Hospital at Ardebil، Iran in 2011. The questionnaires were composed of socio-demographic information، Farrell & Grant and Rosenberg’s Self-Esteem questionnaires. The data were analyzed using SPSS and descriptive analysis، Chi-square test was used.

This study showed that 106 patients with type 2diabetes، (37. 4%) had low self-esteem and 123 (43. 9%) had low quality of life level. But the results of the chi-square test (P=0. 001) and Pearson correlation (r=o. 89) indicated that there was a significant statistical relationship between quality of life and self-esteem in these patients.

Our study showed that quality of life and self-esteem have direct and positive relationships. It is suggested that whit educational programs and upgrading the quality of life for these patients، the level of self-esteem will increase and it can prevent the complications of low self- esteem such as lack of follow-up treatment، lack of blood sugar control and inadequate care in these patients.