neda ahmadzadeh tori

The nursing process (NP) is an organizing framework for planning and providing individualized nursing care. Nurse educators are encouraged to pare down curricular content and integrate ingenious learning-centered education. In this contemporary period, nurse educators need improve nursing education and move beyond traditional education. In this regard, problem-based learning (PBL) has become increasingly popular and group discussion (GD) increases the focus on the topics and facilities learning. This study aimed to determine the effect of blending PBL with a GD on clinical NP education.

This educational evaluation study by quasi-experimental, one side blind methods was conducted on all 28 third-semester undergraduate nursing students by census sampling method. The students were taught all of the phases of NP and PBL at the beginning of the semester. This study was performed on the “Medical-Surgical Nursing 1”(Med-Surg 1) clinical course. Three group (n = 18) was randomly selected as the experimental group and three other groups (n = 20) were randomly selected as the control group.

The results of independent samples t-test indicated a significant difference between the mean scores of the two groups for each of the assessed nursing process stages, as well as for the all NP phases and overall score; t= 3.36 , P= 0.002, which confirmed that blending PBL with GD was effective.

This blended method might encourage students to engage more effectively in the learning process and to be considered as an influential method in teaching the clinical nursing.

The high prevalence of caesarean section is a global health concern, especially in Iran. Considering the possibility of complications caused by cesarean section and the importance of identifying the development process of this delivery method, the present research was conducted with the aim of determining the factors influencing the behavioral intention and the choice of the type of delivery by pregnant women of Bojnord city based on the theory of planned behavior.

The current cross-sectional study was conducted in 2021 on 369 pregnant women first abdomen who referred to comprehensive health centers in Bojnurd city. The sampling method was multi-stage. The data collection tool was a questionnaire based on the theory of planned behavior. The data were analyzed by SPSS 21 software by using t-test, Mann-Whitney, and Chi-square tests. 

72.6% of the participants wanted to give birth naturally and 27.4% had a cesarean birth. People who intended to have a natural birth significantly had better knowledge, a more positive attitude towards natural birth, and a better perceived behavioral control (P<0.001). The two constructs of attitude (β=-0.234) and perceived behavioral control (β=-0.215) had the most negative and significant predictors of the behavioral intention to perform cesarean delivery (P<0.001). The results of the subjective norms showed that the doctor's opinion and the mass media had the greatest and least influence on the choice of the type of delivery in pregnant women, respectively. The constructs of the theory of planned behavior together predicted 17.2 of the variance of natural childbirth intention in pregnant women.

The theory of planned behavior can be effective by identifying the factors of pregnant women's intention in choosing natural delivery. It is suitable with training and interventions to reduce the rate of cesarean section for pregnant women using this theory.

Childhood is the most important period of a child's growth and development. Considering the role of the mother, this age period is important due to the formation of eating habits and the start of complementary feeding. The purpose of this research is to determine the effect of education on improving the health literacy of mothers in the field of child nutrition.

The current research is a semi-experimental before-and-after study that was conducted on 696 mothers covered by the health center of Pakdasht city in 2017. The samples were randomly selected in two groups of 50 case and 50 control group. The tool for collecting information is the parents' health literacy questionnaire and the food pyramid scale, which were completed by mothers two times before and 3 months after the intervention. After the pre-test, educational intervention was conducted in 8 sessions. SPSS version 22 and Kolmogorov Smirnov, Wilcoxon, linear regression, Mann-Whitney, Fisher, chi-square statistical tests were used for data analysis. It should be noted that the level of significance in the present study is P<0.05.

There is a significant difference between the average knowledge scores of the case and control groups after the training, which shows the effect of the training. Before the intervention, the average scores of the two intervention groups were 37.43, attitude 20.03, and behavior 8.45. The intervention had increased by 40.25, 20.52 and 8.53, respectively.

According to the findings of this study, education can be an effective tool to improve the knowledge, attitude and practice of mothers towards children's nutrition.

Couples’ childless and one-child intention is one of the crucial challenges in all societies. Considering the aging of the world's population and the need to review birth control policies, it is necessary to take evidence-based measures. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the influencing factors on the tendency of couples to be childless and have only one child.

The present study is the first part of a mixed (qualitative-quantitative) study. The study is qualitative with a conventional content analysis approach. The research population consists of all couples aged 15-49 in 2021 in Babol city, who were single or childless and had no intention of pregnancy in the future. Sampling is based on the purpose, and the number of samples is 40 couples. To collect data, face-to-face and semi-structured interviews were conducted with the participants. Sampling continued until data saturation. The data were analyzed by the conventional content analysis method.

The results of the analysis include 140 codes, 30 sub-categories, 9 categories (family economic problems, uncertainty in the future security of the child, threatened priorities, uncertainty about the continuation of life, Fear of becoming a parent, lack or weakness of support, diminishing religious beliefs, social role modeling and negative experiences of childbearing) and two themes (individual limitations and social limitations). These factors indicate the mandatory conditions for childlessness or one-child choice or voluntary child-free.

The results revealed that voluntary childlessness and single-child depend on various individual and social aspects. Some of these factors have made couples choose a childless or one-child lifestyle against their will and under forced circumstances. Financial support and welfare of the government, parenting education and efforts to change the attitude of couples towards having children by the government can help to maintain and improve the health of the family and achieve the goals of encouraging population growth policies.

Students are a sensitive group in response to the dangers of air pollution. This study was conducted in order to determine the effect of education using the health belief model on the improvement of students' behaviors to prevent exposure to polluted air.

This study was a before-and-after controlled intervention. The participants included 184 people in the intervention group (82 boys and 102 girls) and 169 people in the control group (82 boys and 87 girls). The researcher-made questionnaire was distributed among the students based on the model. Then, four education sessions were held along with the distribution of pamphlets for the intervention group. Three months later, the questionnaire was completed again by the students. The data was analyzed using SPSS software. The intervention tests used included: paired t, independent t, chi square and Pearson correlation.

Comparing the scores before and after, it was seen that the level of awareness and attitude had increased significantly (p<0.001). In terms of the constructs of the health belief model, there was a significant difference between the intervention group and the control group after the education. There is a significant difference (p<0.05), which shows the effect of education, while before the education, the two groups did not have a significant difference in terms of scores.

The results of the study showed that the implementation of an educational program based on the health belief model with an emphasis on behavior predictors can be effective in reducing exposure to air pollution in students.

This study aimed to examine the effect of educational intervention using the health belief model on knowledge, attitude, and function of women about Pap test at health centers.

This randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted on 120 women who were allocated into two groups (intervention = 60 and control = 60). The sampling method was a multistage cluster. The training was provided in two sessions for 90 min. Data gathering tool was a 4‑part researcher‑made questionnaire including demographic characteristics, knowledge, health belief model structures, and function. Women were evaluated and completed the questionnaire in two stages (before and 2 months after training). Data were analyzed by Kolmogorov–Smirnov, Wilcoxon, linear regression, Mann–Whitney U‑test, Fisher, Chi‑square, and marginal homogeneity tests.

At baseline, there was no significant difference between the groups regarding the mean of knowledge and the structures of health belief model scores. The average scores of participants in terms of health belief model structures were increased significantly after the training sessions. Furthermore, the comparison of the performance of Pap smear before training showed that in the intervention group (23.3%) and in the control group (31.7%), there was no significant difference in terms of the history of performing the Pap smear test (P = 0.414). However, a significant difference (P = 0.001) was observed after training in the intervention group (31.7%) and in the control group (3.3%).

Educational intervention using the health belief model is effective in increasing knowledge, attitude, and function of women in terms of providing useful and required education.

The number of elderly people is growing in different communities like Iran, increasingly. Malnutrition prevalence is unknown among elderly patients with diabetes. Malnutrition is a common risk factor in elderly people with diabetes that may affect their health.

This study is a random clinical trial. There are 200 samples in this study chosen randomly and divided into two intervention and control groups (100 each). Data of both groups were collected in the same way, before and 3 months after the intervention. Educational intervention was based on pretest, baseline BASNEF model, and Mini Nutritional Assessment questionnaire in four sessions. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED: Descriptive indices were used to analyze the data while Chi‑square, t‑test, one‑way ANOVA, and correlation tests were used to examine the relationship between variables.

The results were significantly different after intervention (P < 0.05), but they were not significantly different in control group after 3 months (P > 0.05). It was clear that 22% of samples had normal nutrition (score >24), 29% of participants were exposed to malnutrition, and 51% of samples were suffering from malnutrition. These numbers were 20% for normal nutrition, 30% for exposing to malnutrition, and 50% for suffering from malnutrition in the control group, respectively. Fifty percent of elderly people with diabetes suffered from malnutrition and almost half of them had normal nutrition that was 20%.

BASNEF‑based nutrition education intervention improves nutritional behaviors in addition to knowledge and attitude of elderly people with type 2 diabetes. It led to improve indices of glucose control during 3‑month intervention.

The aim of this study was to investigate the nutritional status of elderly people with diabetes and the effect of educational intervention based on the BASNEF model on promoting nutritional behaviors in the elderly with type 2 diabetes in Babol city, Iran.

Self‑confidence means recognizing your abilities, self‑interest, and being aware of your feelings. Risk‑taking is one of the personality traits that may be affected by confidence. It can be defined as behavior that increases the probability of negative consequences. Considering the importance of students’ self‑confidence and its relation with risk‑taking, the aim of this study is to study the relation between self‑confidence and risk‑taking among the students of Tehran University of Medical Sciences in 2017.

This cross‑sectional study was done on 363 students of TUMS by stratified sampling. The tool for collecting data is based on a self‑confidence questionnaire and a risk‑taking questionnaire developed by Moradi et al. Data analysis was performed using Pearson’s correlation coefficient.

The mean age of participants was 21.86 years and 54.5% of participants were girls and the rest were boys. No significant correlation was observed between risk‑taking and self‑confidence in students according to the Pearson’s coefficient test (r = 0.05, P = 0.29).

The results indicated that there is no relation between self‑confidence and risk‑taking among students, and students who have higher self‑confidence are not exposed to high risks. Therefore, we need more studies in different age groups to validate this exact relationship