p. singh

A computational method is employed to solve heat transfer and entropy generation within a circular pipe. The thermal boundary condition assumes a constant wall temperature, while viscosity is taken to be dependent on temperature. A power-law type shear-thinning fluid is utilized in the analysis, with sinusoidal vibration applied horizontally perpendicular to the flow direction. Temperature distributions across the pipe are illustrated. Additionally, the entropy generation rate over the entire fluid volume under vibration was examined, comparing the results between steady flow and vibrational flow for both types of fluids. It was found that radial mixing is more pronounced in non-Newtonian fluids as vibration increases the strain rate, which is higher for low Reynolds numbers.  The research provides a quantitative analysis of heat transfer and entropy generation for both Newtonian and shear-thinning fluids at different Reynolds numbers. It was observed that the effectiveness of superimposed vibrational flow is limited, especially for low Reynolds numbers and flow behavior index characteristic of shear-thinning fluids.

The undulated characteristics of the irregular boundaries in the layered structure with piezoelectric materials generate some prominent effects on wave propagation.  On the other hand, initial stress in the layered structure also play an important role in velocity characterization of the surface seismic waves. In light of the above, this paper studies the Rayleigh-type wave propagation in a composite structure with piezoelectric materials. Mathematical expressions for the mechanical displacement and electric potential function are obtained for both the piezoelectric layer and elastic substrate with the aid of coupled electromechanical field equations. Frequency equations for the waves are derived for both electrically open and short cases. The effects of the corrugation parameters, initial stress, piezoelectric constant, dielectric constant and thickness of the piezoelectric layer on the phase velocity of Rayleigh-type wave are discussed graphically for both the electrically open and short cases. Numerical examples and discussions are made to exhibit the findings graphically. The validation of the problem is made with the classical result.

Disease prediction of a human means predicting the probability of a patient’s disease after examining the combinations of the patient’s symptoms. Monitoring a patient's condition and health information at the initial examination can help doctors to treat a patient's condition effectively. This analysis in the medical industry would lead to a streamlined and expedited treatment of patients. The previous researchers have primarily emphasized machine learning models mainly Support Vector Machine (SVM), K-nearest neighbors (KNN), and RUSboost for the detection of diseases with the symptoms as parameters. However, the data used by the prior researchers for training the model is not transformed and the model is completely dependent on the symptoms, while their accuracy is poor. Nevertheless, there is a need to design a modified model for better accuracy and early prediction of human disease. The proposed model has improved the efficacy and accuracy model, by resolving the issue of the earlier researcher’s models. The proposed model is using the medical dataset from Kaggle and transforms the data by assigning the weights based on their rarity. This dataset is then trained using a combination of machine learning algorithms: Random Forest, Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), and SVM. Parallel to this, the history of the patient can be analyzed using LSTM Algorithm. SVM is then used to conclude, the possible disease. The proposed model has achieved better accuracy and reliability as compared to state-of-the-art methods. The proposed model is useful to contribute towards development in the automation of the healthcare industries.

Radial force in low-head axial flow turbines (AFTs) is an influential factor in their operational stability. To explore the transient operating behavior of the radial force in low-head AFTs under different blade numbers, transient numeric computations were executed with the shear stress transport (SST) k-w turbulent model. Turbine performance was numerically computed and compared with results from experiments. Furthermore, the unsteady flow field pulsations were experimentally verified by means of pressure sensors. The radial forces on the runners (z = 2, 3, and 4) were each numerically studied in time, frequency, and joint time–frequency fields. The result reveals that the radial force acting on the runner varies with time, since periodic radial forces reflect the vane number on the stay vanes with minimal runner effect. Moreover, the amplitude of the radial forces is directly proportional to the flow rate. Furthermore, the spectral analysis shows that the radial force frequency is close to the blade passing frequency and also increases radially outward since peak values were recorded in this region. Minimal radial force amplitudes were recorded when z = 3, across all flow conditions, making this configuration suitable for smooth and reliable operation. The unstable pressure and force pulses that affect the noise and vibration produced in the turbine are instigated by the flow exchange that occurs between the guide vane and the runner. In order to optimize turbines for increased operational dependability, the acquired data would be crucial references for noise and vibration analytical investigations.

To compare Patient-Specific Quality Assurance (PSQA) of 6 MV and 10 MV Volume Modulated Arc Therapy (VMAT) plans performed with Electronic Portal Imaging Device (EPID) kept at Isocenter 100 cm (Source to Imager Distance (SID)) using an Improved Gamma Evaluation algorithm. Previously treated patients with 6 MV IMRT for Pelvic cancers were planned, on Eclipse TPS, with 6 MV and 10 MV photon beams using VMAT technology. The PSQA was performed using EPID and investigated the effect on Area Gamma, Maximum Gamma & Average Gamma.
The mean Area Gamma passing rate (%GP±Standard Deviation(σ)) for 6 MV was 97.06±3.70, 95.42±5.31, 90.93±7.29, 86.55±9.10 and for 10 MV  97.14±6.08, 95.8±8.47, 94.62±9.45, 91.97±13.50 using the criteria 3%/3 mm, 3%/2 mm, 2%/3 mm, 2%/2 mm respectively.  Similarly, for mean Maximum Gamma value for 6 MV was 2.50±0.89, 2.72±0.94, 3.32±1.13, 3.56±1.02 and for 10 MV 2.17±0.62, 2.42±0.72, 2.84±0.90, 3.26±0.94 respectively. For mean average gamma, value for 6 MV was 0.36±0.09, 0.42±0.10, 0.45±0.12, 0.53±0.13 and for 10 MV was 0.27±0.16, 0.32±0.19, 0.34±0.20, 0.41±0.24.
There is a marked difference between Area Gamma Passing Rate of 6 MV and 10 MV photon beam. The gamma criteria of 3%/2 mm with a 5% Threshold limit and 95% Area Gamma Passing Rate can be used for PSQA using EPID at Isocenter for 6 MV and 10 MV photon beam. There is no marked significant difference in values of mean Maximum Gamma and mean Average Gamma for 6 MV and 10 MV photon beams PSQA

In the experimental study, biofuel is extracted from two distinct waste cooking oil of palm and sunflower oil through a transesterification process. A suitable blend B20 (WCPME 10% + WCSME 10% + Diesel 80%) is prepared by mixing diesel in biofuel. After that, using an ultrasonicator, Al2O3 was mixed in B20 at the distinct proportions of 25, 50, and 100 ppm, respectively, and new ternary blends are developed: B20 + 25Al2O3, B20 + 50Al2O3, and B20 + 100Al2O3. The experiment test was performed on a CRDI engine fuelled by Diesel, B20, B20 + 25Al2O3, B20+50Al2O3, and B20 +100Al2O3 samples at a steady speed of 1500 rpm and different engine loads to evaluate engine performance, combustion, and emission characteristics. The test result depicts that BTE extensively improved by 13.53% and SFC reduced by 20.93% for B20 +100 Al2O3 than B20 at full load. The emission characteristics, for example, CO, and HC were altogether decreased with the mixing of nanoparticles in the correlation of B20 and D100 yet there is a slight increment in NOx emissions than B20 and D100. Higher peak points in CPmax and HRRmax reached for B20 +100Al2O3 because of reduced ignition delay than that of B20 and D100.

Difficult calving (dystocia) in buffalo cows is a major obstetrical problem which further leads to metritis complex, encompassing the retention of fetal membranes (RFM), puerperal metritis, endometritis and pyometra with impaired future fertility.

The current study aimed to evaluate the effect of the administration of intrauterine proteolytic enzymes on the expulsion of fetal membranes and postpartum fertility in dystociac buffaloes.

Proteolytic enzymes consisting of Trypsin (16 mg), Chymotrypsin (16 mg), and Papain (8 mg) were dissolved in 500 ml normal saline were administered  after 1 h of assisted delivery in dystociac buffaloes along with the conventional therapy.

The treated animals (n=15) expelled fetal membranes within a shorter period of time (P=0.043) compared to the control group (n=15) with none in the treatment group retaining it for more than 24 hours. Fewer (26.67 vs 73.33%; P=0.027) postpartum uterine infections developed in the treated animals compared to the control group. The interval between first postpartum estrus (P=0.067), service period (P=0.554), and open days (P=0.557) was shorter in the treatment group compared to the control group where postpartum anestrus developed less frequently (26.67 vs 66.67%; P=0.066) in the animals treated with enzymatic therapy. Systemic illness (neutrophillia) was reduced in the treatment group compared to the control on day 20 (64.55 ± 1.14% vs 70.23 ± 0.99%; P=0.001) and 45 (55.05 ± 1.63% vs 64.92 ± 1.45%; P<0.001) postpartum.

It is concluded that proteolytic enzymes therapy after assisted delivery in dystociac buffalo cows could help in the early expulsion of fetal membranes and reduce uterine infections with decreased neutrophils count.

This paper aims to establish the Karush-Kuhn-Tucker type optimality criteria for linear fractional optimization problems with fuzzy parameters. To evolve the desired criteria first, the fractional optimization problem is transformed into the non-fractional optimization problem with fuzzy parameters. Then Hukuhara differentiability for the differentiation of functions with fuzzy parameters and Hausdorff metric to expound the distance between the fuzzy numbers is invoked. Optimality criteria are then elicited for the non-fractional optimization problems by introducing Lagrange multipliers and Riemann integration theory. In order to validate the developed theory, two numerical optimization problems are also verified.

In mammalian females, the uterine tissue is highly responsive to steroid hormones and their antagonists.

In the present study, topographical, histoarchitectural, and gene expression changes in goat endometrium treated with estradiol, progesterone, and mifepristone for 24 h were investigated, in vitro.

Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used for surface topographical analysis; WGA and DBA lectins were used for histochemical analysis; and qRT-PCR was done for the quantification of mRNA levels of MKI67 (marker of proliferation Ki67), ESR1 (estrogen receptor), PGR (progesterone receptor), CASP3 (caspase 3), and PDGFR-β (platelet derived growth factor receptor-β).

Few topographical alterations were observed in endometrial glands and the presence of scattered mucoid granules. A significant decline in WGA staining was reported only in the progesterone group. However, DBA binding was highest in the progesterone group and lowest in the mifepristone group. The expression of MKI67 gene declined to 79% in the mifepristone group, while in the estradiol and progesterone groups it elevated to 153% and 41%, respectively, than control; a similar trend was observed for PDGFR-β. The mRNA abundance for ESR1 declined to 59% in the progesterone group and 10% in the mifepristone group. However, a 100% increase occurred in the estradiol group. PGR expression followed the same trend as that of ESR1. CASP3 declined in the estradiol (50%) and progesterone (37%) group, but it showed a 67% increase in the mifepristone group.

We concluded that the caprine uterus undergoes dramatic alteration in structure and functions in response to different kinds of steroidal environments.

Textile manufacturing industry produces a huge amount of pollutants from its textile dyeing units. To combat the problem of water pollution, various processes are being already adopted by textile industries to treat wastewater before its discharge into the nearby environment. However, the inadequate traditional treatments are leading towards the development of different technologies with major concern on material’s high efficacy. One of the newest advancement in this area is nanotechnology. The zero valent iron nanoparticles (nZVI) are gaining extreme importance, due to its potential capabilities of reducing chemical substances, dye colour and other constituents from the waste effluent. In the present article, synthesis of nZVI particles was carried out by borohydride chemical reduction method using ferrous heptahydrate sulphate salt. Its characterization such as surface morphology and structure was analyzed by using X-Ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Brunauer- Emmett-Teller method (BET). Further, the stability of nanoparticles was also investigated via chemical and thermal processes at different pH ranges and temperatures. The results revealed that the synthesized nanoparticles were as per the available literature in terms of size, surface morphology, structure & stability. Hence, ready for the batch experimental studies on laboratory scale.

Algal biorefinery process utilizes every component of algal biomass to produce multiple useful fuel products. In this technique, acid pretreatment of algal biomass hydrolyzes microalgal carbohydrates into fermentable sugars, makes lipids more extractable and a protein part accessible for additional products. In the present study, Chlorella sorkiniana produced higher quantity of biodiesel than Botryococcus braunii and biomass in Botryococcus braunii was higher than the Chlorella sorkiniana. Botryococcus braunii produces 11% more lipid content than Chlorella sorkiniana which was consistent with biomass content. The total sugar (oligomeric and monomeric) yield attained by Combined Algal Processing (CAP) was 89.9%. 29 g/L ethanol was produced during the fermentation in the Pretreated Algal Slurry. The recovery of lipids from CAP was reported as 84–89% after fermentation and ethanol removal. CAP preserves the PUFA (Poly-Unsaturated Fatty Acids) and utilizes these high-value PUFAs to further reduce the cost of biofuel production and replace petroleum products.

The production of lactic acid from dairy by-product (paneer whey) via SMF by Lactobacillus delbruckii was optimized in the present study. Three process variables viz; inoculum size, temperature and pH were optimized using CCRD. Design Expert 8.0.2.0 trial depicted that an optimum concentration of 8.00 % (v/v) size of inoculum, 5.50 pH and 36.53 °C temperature gave lactic acid and biomass yield of 5.61 g/L and 4.27 g/L, respectively. Lactic acid production was scale up in 7.5 L bioreactor under optimized conditions and it gave lactic acid and biomass yield of 39.2± 1.4 and 47.6 ±0.8 g/L, respectively. µg, YP/S, YP/X and productivity were found to be 0.14 h-1, 0.66 g/g, 0.70 g/g and 1.98 g/L. h, respectively. Leudking Piret equation deduced that lactic acid production was growth associated which varies from earlier reports. Lactic acid was characterized by FTIR and HPLC.

In this paper computational design of novel 3- (4-chlorophenyl) -5- (3hydroxy-4-etoxyphenyl) -4،5-dihydro-1H-pyrazole-1-carboxamide is reported. The structure and relative energies of the target molecule are predicted using Hartree- Fock method. The methods of theoretical chemistry have been used to elucidate the molecular properties. The analysis of molecular descriptors defined by Lipinski has shown that the candidate drug obey ''rule of five''. The solubility of drug in water has been determined as it is of useful importance in the process of drug discovery and development from molecular design to pharmaceutical formulation and biopharmacy. Electrostatic potential maps have been constructed and the nature of Electrostatic Potential maps for the predicted bioactive conformations to identify the electrophilic and nucleophilic regions has been discussed. All toxicities associated with candidate drug have been calculated. P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is a cell membrane-associated protein that transports a variety of drug substrates. P-gp expressed in normal tissues as a determinant of drug pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics been examined. Drug plasma-protein binding and volume of distribution are one of the many factors which influences bioavailability of a drug، hence its value has also been calculated. To avoid rejection of drugs، it is becoming more important to determine pKa، absorption، polar surface area and other physiochemical properties associated with a drug، before synthetic work is undertaken.