r. sarvar

The main objective of this study was to determine and prioritize the indicators of tourism development and their impact on the prosperity of rural handicraft cooperatives

This research employed a mixed descriptive approach and was conducted in Northern Savadkuh county in 2022-2023. The data collected using a researcher-made questionnaire. The dimensions that were deemed effective in the development of the tourism industry were identified through the review of the existing literature and were subsequently presented to a panel of experts consisting of 10 individuals. These dimensions were presented in the form of a questionnaire. Duplicate options were eliminated, resulting in a final questionnaire consisting of 55 items. The study sample comprised of 30 professionals working in the field of tourism and hospitality, who were selected based on purposive sampling. To analyze the data and reveal the mutual relationships among the criteria, the DEMATEL technique was employed. Finally, the Analytic Network Process (ANP) method was used to analyze the data.

The cultural-social, environmental, and economic dimensions, along with the increase in income and entrepreneurial spirit, are identified as the most significant indicators of tourism development and the prosperity of rural handicraft cooperatives. Among these indicators, the increase in income and employment is found to have the highest impact and the most significant interaction with other criteria. The prioritization of the main criteria reveals that the cultural-social dimension holds the foremost priority, followed by the environmental dimension, while the increase in income and employment are assigned the third priority. By employing calculations and the limit supermatrix, it is determined that the sub-criterion of the positive attitude of individuals towards tourism and the weaknesses in the existing infrastructure are ranked as the first and second priorities, respectively.

The most influential factors driving tourism development in the Northern Savadkuh County are included the local residents’ attitudes toward tourism, particularly in the socio-cultural dimension, infrastructure weaknesses, distance from villages and markets in the environmental dimension, and the enhancement of job opportunities and employment within the region

In today's world, cities have garnered significant attention as central hubs for social and economic activities. This research aims to enhance urban development and improve the quality of life for Tehran's residents, focusing on land use in Tehran, the capital of Iran and one of the most populous and pressured cities. The primary objective is to evaluate the distribution of various land uses across Tehran and analyze shortcomings that do not align with urban needs and standards. The study particularly delves into issues related to the appropriate number of land uses in different areas of Tehran and the role of recreational land use in urban development.

To conduct this comprehensive research, Tehran was divided into various zones, with diverse land uses thoroughly examined in each zone. These zoning divisions aimed to provide a more precise understanding of the unique needs of each part of the city for development and productivity. The distribution of land uses across the city was analyzed, and the frequency of each land use at the macro level was measured. Utilizing urban standards as evaluation criteria, a detailed analysis of land use distribution was performed. These standards served as benchmarks for assessment, highlighting areas where the standards fell short. This analytical approach facilitated a better understanding of strengths and weaknesses in urban development. Through this method, land use distribution in the city was evaluated more optimally, leading to recommendations for improvement and optimization.

The outcomes of this study underscore significant deficiencies in the allocation of land uses across Tehran, signaling a compelling call for refinement and heightened precision in regulation, particularly within the identified areas of 7, 10, 13, 14, 16, and 17. The identified weaknesses in land use distribution offer invaluable insights for urban decision-makers and planners, serving as a clarion call for immediate interventions in the city's development trajectory. The critical nature of this information lies in its potential to guide strategic decisions and policy implementations aimed at rectifying existing imbalances. Furthermore, the research accentuates a growing imperative to prioritize recreational land use within Tehran, shedding light on the inadequacy of current land use patterns to align with established urban standards and the evolving needs of society. The pressing need for increased attention to recreational spaces emerges as a key takeaway, suggesting that the development of such areas within the city could yield tangible enhancements in residents' overall quality of life. The envisaged benefits extend beyond mere leisure, with the potential to foster the creation of green spaces, promoting environmental sustainability, and providing platforms for diverse recreational activities that contribute to a healthier, more vibrant urban community. In essence, the research outcomes advocate for a strategic reevaluation and recalibration of land use policies in Tehran, with a heightened focus on rectifying existing imbalances and proactively addressing the evolving needs of the city's residents.

This research serves as a valuable tool for urban decision-makers and city planners in the development and enhancement of the quality of life for Tehran's residents. The obtained results indicate that optimizing land use and addressing urban needs can contribute to sustainable development and improved living conditions in Tehran.

Effective organizations in the construction processes in the city limits need to use new and efficient models to solve discrete management problems. Using common modeling tools in cities and big cities, in addition to accurately determining the problem also identifies effective solutions. If these tools are used well then the understanding of real world problems will be facilitated. One of these tools is "game theory". This research tries to analyze the organizational structures in the construction processes in Tehran with the help of game theory.

This descriptive-analytical research was conducted in 1401. The data required for this research were collected by the "documentary-survey" method (interview and observation). The statistical population of this research includes managers and experts who were selected based on purposeful and theoretical sampling and their number is 20 people. Also using the content analysis method, the data of this research was analyzed. The graph model was also used as a suitable tool for modeling, analyzing complex issues and analyzing the state of the game among different stakeholders of organizations related to construction in the city. GMCR+ software was used for this modeling.

The results of this modeling show that among the 42 situations, there are 6 stable and 6 semi-stable situations.

Aggregate analyzes of organizations show that the desirability of organizational structures in the city of Tehran which has the potential to maximize the interests of actors, requires structural reforms and these reforms should focus on environmental protection and coordination power and be consistent with upstream documents and provide capacity building and active presence of actors.

The different interests of Iran and Russia in Syria have led their armed forces to joint military operations in a country that does not share a common border, which indirectly contributes to Iran's geopolitical strategy for exporting energy to Europe and East Asia This research, by content analysis method, seeks to answer the question of how Iranian-Russian military cooperation has an impact on Iran's geopolitical strategy? The research results indicate that defense cooperation between Iran and Russia has affected geopolitical strategy of energy (oil and gas) and has pushed Iran's regional energy policy toward a kind of confrontation with the United States and its allies. As opposed to investing in any project that ends with the export of oil and gas from Central and Caucasus countries from Iran to the world markets, on the one hand, under the influence of close military cooperation between Iran and Russia, the rivalry of the two countries in the energy dimension Particularly in the gas field, so that, in the context of understanding economic foundations, and in the first place, adopting an equitable, rational and inconsistent energy strategy that could be their most fundamental step towards a strategic alliance, there is a great deal of concern

Research Objective:

Citizen's satisfaction From Municipality Performance Is a major factor Continuous Improvement at process of works that takes place in order to increase efficiency and Improve of quality urban comprehensive management. One of most important elements of optimal performance municipalities are Supply Financial resources and income municipalities. In this regard, the purpose of this paper is Reviews of how the performance of yazd city municipalities and citizens satisfaction rate of their.

Research methods' is analytical - descriptive. The data collection tool studied is documents and questionnaires. The statistical population is 1200 people from citizens in three regions of Yazd city According to Cochran sampling with confidence level 95% and randomly assigned. Indicators Research is 33 urban life quality index. For communication between components Is used inferential statistics Such as regression coefficients and path analysis And Also For planning from SWOT Model.

Studies financial resources Yazd municipalities Indicative Increase in sustainable incomes with growth equal to 17/98 percent, which is very impressive against Growth -35/2 percent From Unsustainable incomes. In this case, On the one hand, Decrease income instability coefficient from 24% to 15% Is Indicative upward trend. And On the other hand With this source sustainable income Answer has been given to 42% of Real needs city in development sector, construction and maintenance town. However Yet In turn have remained Construction priorities Such as improving urban streets, Street lighting And Quality of public health services, On the other hand, Instability 20/13% of total incomes obtained Has caused Until Possibility Planning There is About 46/32 % of incomes obtained.

results of performance evaluation municipalities from perspective Citizens Indicates in 33 Criterion surveyed of Municipalities Have been region 1 have Best Performance and region 3 Municipal worst performances. Based on results of Path analysis Also Variables increase of sustainable incomes with amount 0/889 and participatory Investment With amount 0/846 have been greatest impact on Municipalities Favorable Functions in Yazd city. Finally Suggestions Is provided For Improved service delivery by municipalities Yazd city And Citizen satisfaction.

Spatial unbalances, that be created from centralized approaches in development planning collections specially afterwards from forth planning and in first 1971th, compelled planners and decision- makers to find a way for implementing socio-spatial equity as the goal. These problems be created because of absence regional approaches and developmental views, that affected for social, economical, cultural, physical, managmental and policy- making aspects. Compile charter "land use"planning in 1971th, was a step for compensating prejudicial effects for cities and regions in Iran and restoring regional balances. The goal of "land use" planning is justly distribution of resources and population and ecological, economical and social considerations belong to intellectual organizing of space in regional and national level, that distribute population and economical activities in proper manner in relation to natural resources. This research attempt to prove that creating relation among environment, human and his activities, and attention to regionalism approaches is the best manner in obtaining social equity and human development. Undoubtly, using systemic approach in "land use" study and implementing its aims in justice manner will sustain cities and regions.

Having prepared “Land use” and “regional planning” , it is basically referred to “arealplans” or “country comprehensive plan”. these plans are provided according to thelaws regarding the use of lands. Building constructions and foundation outside thelegal restriction and city exclusion stipulated on 12 may 1976 followed by anappendage on 24 January 1995. Improvement of human activity system in areal spacein order to use lands as appropriately as possible, or in other words, spatialamelioration of settlement as well as activities within the framework of area spacestructure is the ultimate purpose of such plans.The assessments made based on the Relational Planning model signify littlesuccess in souch plans. Meanwhile, the following approaches should be emphasizedand given priorities: improvement of planning levels relationship -the procedure ofprovision and compilation – approaches and attitudes toward the application of nativeknowledge as well as geographical basis reinforcement of relational system amongrelevant and influential elements since the procedure of provision till implementation.

The interaction between real and virtual spaces can be reconceptualized by mobilizingthe notion of cybernetic space to signify the relationship between spaces, culture andidentity in the synthetic space we tend to live in. the new metaphor can allow for aholistic examination of the internet in popular culture.