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In this paper, a numerical strategy is presented to analyze the bending and buckling responses of aluminum composite plates (ACPs) reinforced by nano-scale silicon carbide and micro-scale discontinuous fiber-like silicon carbide. First, the equivalent mechanical properties of multiscale fillers-reinforced ACPs are predicted using a nested micromechanics-based approach. It is considered that discontinuous fibers are randomly dispersed into the hybrid material system. Thereafter, the finite element (FE) method is employed to evaluate the bending and buckling characteristics of hybrid ACPs. The influences of volume fraction of nano-filler, aspect ratio, alignment and volume fraction of micro-filler, shape and thickness of the plate on the ACP structural responses are examined. The results indicate that reinforcing the metal-based structures by nano/micro multiscale silicon carbide fillers significantly improves their load bearing capacity. The hybrid ACPs with higher volume fractions of multiscale fillers possess larger critical buckling loads. It is observed that by (i) increasing the aspect ratio, and (ii) aligning discontinuous fiber-like silicon carbide, the critical buckling load of ACP is increased, while its maximum deflection is decreased.

In the design of structures, it is important that these structures have the ability to withstand loads. Sandwich panels (SPs) have received attention due to their lightweight and good absorption. In this research, honeycomb SPs with different core topologies were subjected to simultaneous symmetrical impulsive loading and the effect of the amount of loads and the distance between charges on the deformation of SPs was evaluated. Due to the high cost and tribulation of conducting the experimental test, the numerical method using FE software LS-DYNA has been used. After designing and validating with the experimental data available in the literature, the values of 0.5, 1 and 2kg of selected charge in single and two-point (2×0.25, 2×0.5 and 2×1kg) at a distance of 10cm from the SPs with square, circular and octagonal core topologies have been affected and the deformation of SPs has been evaluated. In order to investigate the effect of the distance of charges from each other on the deformation, these charges are placed at distances of 8, 10 and 12cm from each other. Then, the amount of deformation and deflection of SPs with single-point impulsive loading has been compared. According to the investigations, the best topology for absorbing impulsive loads is octagonal, so that it has less displacement in single and two-point loading in the best case of 14.1 and 12.2 mm, respectively.

The main objective of this study is to examine the hypothesis that intratympanic corticosteroids can benefit the treatment of Bell's palsy and shorten the period needed for recovery. This study was conducted prospectively using double-blind clinical trials. A total of 321 patients with acute unilateral facial paralysis were included in the survey, with 144 patients excluded due to exclusion criteria and 177 patients included. These patients were divided into an intervention group (54 patients) and a control group (123 patients). Prednisolone and acyclovir were given orally to both groups. Intratympanic dexamethasone was given to the intervention group as an additional treatment. Patients' House-Brackmann (H.B.) scores were recorded when they were visited three days, one week, three weeks, three months, and six months after receiving intratympanic dexamethasone. It was discovered that there was no significant difference in H.B. scores between the intervention and control groups. The first day of symptom improvement in the intervention group was 1.81 days after starting treatment, while it took 2.91 days in the control group, which is a significant difference. Intratympanic dexamethasone injection, in addition to the 10-day prednisolone-acyclovir therapy regimen, did not affect patients recovering from Bell's palsy in the short term (three weeks) or long term (six months) but is significantly effective in the first day of recovery as measured by the House-Brackmann scale.

The optimal selection of Functionally Graded Material (FGM) materials profiles, with regard to cost functions such as weight and stress, is an important issue in the optimization field. In this study, the optimal multiobjective design of FG-beam, subjected to dynamic load as moving mass, has been investigated. Because of the importance of shear stress in FGMs, Timoshenko beam theory has been used in dynamic Analysis. By substituting terms of energy into the Lagrange equation, differential equations of motion are obtained. Displacement fields as a function of time and x-coordinate are calculated by means of the numerical solution of the above-mentioned equations. The mass and velocity of the moving object and the beam's width were considered certain parameters. Weight and maximum deflection were assumed as cost functions in multiobjective optimization. In addition to the means, the variance of the mentioned cost functions was considered to obtain robust behaviour in an uncertain space of parameters. By using a genetic algorithm, a fraction of constituents and an index of volume fraction (design variables) were selected so that objective functions were optimized. Pareto fronts' optimum points are presented, and trade-off points are proposed. Cumulative Distribution Function (CDF) curves demonstrated robust behaviour of the expressed design points.

In recent years, the presence of various pharmaceutical residues such as cefixime (CFX) in aquatic environments has been gaining attention due to its adverse effects on health and ecosystems. Since conventional treatment methods are unable to remove antibiotics, sustainable and efficient approaches are needed to remove these compounds from aquatic environments. In this study, granular ferric oxide (GFO) was used to remove CFX, and the experiments were designed using Design Expert software. The findings were then analyzed using ANOVA test. The results showed that the proposed regression model fit the experimental condition (R2=0.9701, R2 adjusted=0.9432, R2 predicted=0.83). Several residual plots were used to confirm the suitability of the model. The initial concentration of 1.84 mg/L, GFO dose of 3.05 mg/L, and contact time of 24.32 minutes were found to be the ideal conditions for CFX adsorption. Moreover, the findings showed that GFO can be effective in absorbing and removing CFX from aqueous environments.

The present research aims to provide a comprehensive view of the current status of research on the innovation ecosystem. This is scientometrics effort to extract and analyze Bibliometrics networks in this field, conducted based on the indices of the Scopes citation database. The documents indexed on the open innovation ecosystem were extracted from the Scopes database from 2009 to 2023 using the systematic review method. They were then fed into Viewer to analyze Bibliometrics networks and use data mining techniques. The results revealed an ascending trend of publications on the open innovation ecosystem over the recent decade. According to the findings of the systematic review of the literature, keywords in the definitions of the open innovation ecosystem, such as network, actors, value creation, etc., have received the attention of researchers. Furthermore, the results of the co-citation network analysis also show that the literature is placed in four clusters: “open innovation,” “value creation and triple helix,” “production innovation in the open innovation ecosystem,” and “launching and development of open innovation.” According to research findings in recent years the relationship of topics such as cultural, industries sustainable development Sustainability etc.,

Since the late 2019 months’ pandemic of Corona Virus Disease-2019 (COVID-19), it has spread globally and claimed abundant lives due to its expeditious interpersonal transmission and high mortality rate. Early studies showed that the upper aerodigestive tract procedures had the highest rates of nosocomial spread due to high viral load in upper respiratory and pharyngeal secretions. Between March 10 and April 10, 2020, a total of 28 rigid endoscopies were performed under general anesthesia for the removal of esophageal foreign bodies at our center. All the patients were screened on admission for symptoms of COVID-19 and a chest CT scan was performed and they were later followed up for further investigations. No patient had symptoms of COVID-19 (fever, cough, and dyspnea) on admission, and only one patient (3.57 %) had a suspicious CT scan for COVID-19. The mean age of 27 asymptomatic cases, including 14 men and 13 women, was 45.2 years old. Their average hospital stay was 0.8 days. all patients were later interviewed, inspected, and closely observed for any upcoming symptoms which would raise suspicion for COVID-19 during isolation. Of the 27 patients who cooperated, none showed COVID-19 symptoms. What makes this experiment prominent is that with suitable plans in a careful and precautionary manner, we can provide first-rate care for patients and meanwhile protect physicians during this pandemic promptly. Conclusion what makes this experiment prominent is that with suitable plans in careful and precaution manner, we are able to provide first-rate care for patients and meanwhile protect physicians during this epidemic in a timely manner.

In this article, the Mori-Tanaka micromechanical approach is used to obtain the elastic and piezoelectric properties of a hybrid composite with a polyamide matrix and reinforced with piezoelectric particles of lead zirconate titanate and carbon nanotubes. Modeling consists of two steps, first, the effect of carbon nanotube distribution in the polyamide matrix is calculated, In the next step, the obtained results were used to calculate the addition of piezoelectric particles. The model has been validated with experimental results and previous studies. the increase in the volume fraction of piezoelectric particles causes an increase in the elastic and shear moduli and piezoelectric constants. Modeling for uniform and non-uniform distribution of carbon nanotubes has been done. The results show that by adding carbon nanotubes, the elastic moduli and piezoelectric constants increase. Also, the agglomeration of carbon nanotubes reduces these modules.

The efficiency of medlar core powder as a low-cost adsorbent for removing a cationic dye methylene blue (MB) from aqueous solution has been investigated by using batch mode and continuous systems experiments. The effects of different parameters namely amount of adsorbent, initial dye concentration, contact time, temperature and pH solution of dye solution have been studied to understand the adsorption behavior of the adsorbent under various conditions. Various techniques for characterizing the adsorbent have been applied including, zero point charge measurement (pHpzc), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The experimental isotherm data have been analyzed using Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm equation. Methylene blue adsorption fitted the Langmuir isotherm. The kinetic results of adsorption obeyed a pseudo-second order model. Thermodynamic parameters including the Gibbs free energy ΔG°, enthalpy ∆H° and entropy ∆S° have revealed that the adsorption of methylene blue on the medlar core powder is feasible, spontaneous and endothermic. The maximum removal percent 25mL of methylene blue solution is 96.4% for 100 mɡ/L of MB under conditions, pH=7 at a temperature 25 °C and 0.08 ɡ/L of adsorbent.

Islamic penal code (IPC)  in 1392 has new approach to Iranian penal policy and  has made a massive transformation with regard to crime and punishment through predicting new penal standards. One of these new approaches to penal policy are article 115 and 220 of IPC which predict the judge options in referring to patent resources in authorized religious offenses and thus bring some ambiguity  in the principle of interpreted in favor of accused person with regard to the principle of legality of crime and punishment. Because in several cases although possessing the Hudud and Diyya to either enter or accept to authorized religious offenses, jurist rejected to do so or they have accepted very limited cases. Authorized religious punishment in Iranian penal policy owns a position similar to that of Hudud and in some cases Iranian penal policy has accepted and referred to these crimes related to Hudud, yet the law giver has given the authority to the judges to explain and determine the provided punishment in juridical sources about some crime through searching in patent resources and using their knowledge, and sentence the accused. This penal policy in Iran’s legal system is not protected by the similar legislative and administrative history and most of authorized religious offenses are in a way that Imams determine the kind of the offense, punishment and the extent of it and some jurists have consensus about it in their juridical books and resources. This is a analytical-descriptive study.

Despite the unique superior properties of balsa such as reasonable price and excellent mechanical properties, the hydrophilicity and high sensitivity of this material to moisture absorption have posed a serious challenge to its increasing use in the construction of advanced marine structures. If moisture can penetrate into the composite skins, the balsa core sandwich structures will absorb a lot of water and compromise its structural integrity. In this study, to improve the mechanical properties and the environmental resistance of sandwich structures with balsa core against the moist environmental conditions, the idea of using fiber metal laminates instead of polymer composite skins has been proposed. For this purpose, sandwich structures with balsa core and two types of composite skins made of glass fiber/epoxy and fiber metal laminate were subjected to environmental and mechanical tests. The most important results obtained from the 100-day aging test in water show that the maximum water absorption in sandwich specimens with glass fiber/epoxy composite and fiber metal laminate skins having sealed edges and artificial damage is 106.71% and 83.32%, respectively. In addition, by evaluating the flexural and buckling behavior of two types of sandwich structures, before and after the moisture aging process, it was found that the reduction of flexural load, flexural stiffness and maximum buckling load due to moisture aging in sandwich specimens with glass fiber/epoxy composite skin with sealed edges were 23.43%, 23.15% and 36.14%, respectively, and for specimens with fiber metal laminate skin were much less, and 13.57%, 11.06% and 16.14%, respectively.

In this paper, the transport of flow and heat transfer through parallel plates arranged horizontally against each other is studied. The mechanics of fluid transport and heat transfer are formulated utilizing systems of the coupled higher-order numerical model. This governing transport model is investigated by applying the variation of the parameter’s method. Result obtained from the analytical study is reported graphically. It is observed from the generated result that the velocity profile and thermal profile drop by increasing the squeeze parameter. The drop inflow is due to limitations in velocity as plates are close to each other. Also, thermal transfer due to flow pattern causes decreasing boundary layer thickness at the thermal layer, consequently drop in thermal profile. The analytical obtained result from this study is compared with the study in literature for simplified cases, this shows good agreement. The obtained results may therefore provide useful insight to practical applications including food processing, lubrication, and polymer processing industries amongst other relevant applications.

In this study, the free vibrations of functionally graded graphene platelet-reinforced porous nanocomposite plates with various shapes such as rectangular, elliptical, and triangular ones embedded on an elastic foundation are analyzed. To mathematically model the considered plate and elastic foundation, the first-order shear deformation plate theory, and Pasternak model are used, respectively. Three types of graphene nanoplatelet distribution patterns and porous dispersion types through the thickness are considered for the nanocomposite plate. To obtain the effective material properties of the considered nanocomposite, a micromechanical model is employed. Then, the energy functional of considered functionally graded graphene platelet-reinforced porous nanocomposite plates are expressed, and the analytical P-Ritz method is used to solve the vibration problem corresponding to different shapes and boundary conditions, the influences of porosity coefficient, the weight fraction of graphene nanoplatelets, elastic foundation coefficients and also the lengths-to-width and -thickness ratios on the natural frequency are analyzed. It is illustrated that the plate with non-uniform and symmetric of first type porosity distribution pattern and the first type graphene nanoplatelets has a higher natural frequency. Also, by increasing the porosity coefficient, the natural frequency of the plate associated with all patterns of graphene nanoplatelets is reduced.

In the current study, the influences of adding graphene nanosheets (GNSs) on the elastic characteristics of concrete are examined using the Mori-Tanaka micromechanical model. By the use of the base concrete hydration equation, the role of hydration time in the Young’s modulus and Poisson ratio of GNS-filled concrete is analyzed. Also, the formation of GNS agglomeration as one of the most major microstructural features of composite materials containing nano-sized particles is considered in the micromechanical simulation. Significant contribution of the hydration time to the elastic properties of GNS-reinforced concrete is confirmed. Generally, the addition of GNSs can help to enhance the concrete elastic modulus and decrease the Poisson’s ratio. The results show that well-dispersed GNSs lead to the enhancement of mechanical performance of the concrete, whereas GNS agglomeration causes significant reduction of elastic modulus.

Today, Carbon fiber-reinforced polymer composites (CFRP) have extensive use in different fields such as aerospace, automotive, oil, gas, and defense industries compared to metals, due to the high ratio of strength to weight. Machining of these materials regard to their non-homogeneity structure is complicated. Due to the different thermal expansion coefficients between the fibers and resin polymer composite milling materials difficult to create one of the final parts. Achieve optimal machining conditions, with high efficiency, which need proper analysis and careful investigation. Minimizing the machining time became important Due to developments in CNC technology. One of the time minimizing methods is high-speed machining technology. In this study, composite plates made of carbon/epoxy to a thickness of 10 millimeters, which are often used in the body of Aerospace structures and missiles, have been manufactured by hand layup. The cutting parameters used during the milling operation of the CFRP panel ranged from 1000 rpm to 7000 rpm for the spindle speed, feed rate from 1000 mm/min to 3000 mm/min, and lastly 1.0 mm to 3.0 mm range for depth of cut. the combination of spindle speed, feed rate, and depth of cut are studied at five different levels. 20 runs of experiments are performed based on Response Surface Methodology (RSM). the milling process with two-flute tungsten carbide - coated diamond insert with a 20 mm diameter was performed. their surface quality after milling process is measured. So after roughness, material removal rate and required analysis were performed. Spindle speed has a greatest effect on surface roughness. In conclusion, the influence of the cutting parameters is higher spindle speed, lower feed rate, and lower depth of cut resulting in low surface roughness. The optimized cutting parameters were spindle speed, feed rate, and depth of cut of 7000 rpm, 1000 mm/min and 1 mm respectively with the surface roughness of 1.9 um.

Today, water is one of the most important human concerns, especially in arid areas. One of the things that can be recycled to turn it into water used for industrial or agricultural purposes and also prevent the entry of very harmful pollutants into nature, is the treatment of wastewater containing oil pollutants. In this study, the advanced oxidation process using the Fenton method was used as a new chemical treatment method. In the Fenton treatment process, the pH of the reaction, the concentration of iron (II) catalyst, the oxidizing concentration of hydrogen peroxide and the reaction time are the four main parameters that determine the treatment efficiency. Therefore, to achieve the desired efficiency and minimize the cost of treatment, the optimal value of each parameter should be determined. The results showed that the best pH for the Fenton method in removing turbidity and COD at pH equal 3 and the highest removal efficiency of COD and turbidity in catalyst concentration of 250 mg/L, the oxidizing concentration of 500 mg/L and reaction time of 40 minutes were obtained with values of 89% and 95%, respectively, which were selected as the optimal conditions. Also, the study of kinetic models to find the reaction rate showed that the Behnajady – Modirshahla – Ghanbery (BMG) kinetic model is more consistent than the pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order kinetic models and has a correlation coefficient of 0.9938. As a result, the Fenton process can be used as a treatment for petroleum-containing effluents.

Presented herein is an investigation on the vibrational response of fractional viscoelastic carbon nanotubes (CNTs) conveying fluid and resting on a fractional viscoelastic foundation. The CNTs are modeled according to the Euler-Bernoulli beam theory, and the foundation is considered to be Winkler-type. Also, to incorporate the nanoscale effect into the model, Eringen’s nonlocal elasticity is applied. Derivation of governing equation is done by a variational principle together with the Kelvin-Voigt viscoelastic model. Two solution approaches are developed for obtaining the time response of embedded fluid-conveying CNTs. The first approach is on the basis of Galerkin’s method, while the GDQM and FDM are used in the second approach. Comprehensive numerical results are given to study the effects of elastic foundation, fractional order, damping, fluid, nonlocal parameter, geometrical properties and viscoelasticity coefficient on the time responses of CNTs subject to different boundary conditions.

A new version of the integrable (2+1)-dimensional Hirota–Satsuma–Ito (2D-HSI) equation is studied in the present paper. The analysis is conducted systematically by considering the bilinear form of the new integrable 2D-HSI equation and utilizing different approaches. As a consequence, a number of multiple complex and real soliton solutions to the model are formally constructed. The findings can be useful to deeply understand the dynamical features of multiple-soliton solutions in mathematical physics.

Phenomenological methods are more diagnostic tools than a predictor, so multi-crystalline material approaches based on their microstructures have been proposed during the last years. The purpose of this research is to review methods taking into account the effect of microstructures and texture deformation on predicting the behavior of sheet metals. These methods can be categorized into six general groups: Taylor-type models, crystal plasticity finite element methods, strain gradient methods, methods that consider dislocations, self-consistent methods, methods based on fast Fourier transform. This paper attempts to explain and compare these methods that have been used to forecasting forming limits or stress-strain curves.

A 49-year-old woman with a history of diabetes mellitus (DM), and hypothyroidism referred to the emergency ward complaining of shortness of breath which had lasted for three weeks. Due to inspiratory and expiratory stridor in the clinical examination, a tracheal lesion was proposed for her. In computed tomography (CT) scan (without contrast) of the neck and chest, a lesion resembling a malignant tracheal tumor was observed spreading around the cervical trachea. Subsequently, the patientchr('39')s respiratory distress worsened and she underwent tracheostomy under general anesthesia. During tracheostomy, a white to creamy lesion that resembled necrosis with extensive granulation was seen in cervical trachea, and a biopsy was taken. Histopathological reports showed evidence of acute and chronic inflammation, in necrotic background, along with aseptate fungi which confirmed mucormycosis. Initially, intravenous liposomal amphotericin-B was selected as an antifungal drug which was discontinued due to drug-induced acute renal failure. Posaconazole suspension was replaced as an antifungal drug. After about six weeks, the patient was discharged from the hospital in good general condition. Contrary to few previous studies on mucormycosis of the trachea and lower airways, tracheal disease was limited in our patient; therefore, we avoided debridement of the conflict site and tried to control the disease by controlling the underlying disease (DM), and antifungal therapy. Finally, the desired result was achieved. It should be noted that all patients who have been reviewed in the previous published studies have had a wider conflict sites compared to our patient. Therefore, due to the lack of standard treatment for this disease, our therapeutic approach in this study can be considered as an option in limited and localized cases.

One of the most important and widely used tools to predict the behavior of sheets is the Forming Limit Diagram (FLD). The m-k model is one of the prediction methods, which can be combined with the phenomenological or the crystal plasticity equations to achieve the desired results. In this research, to predict the forming limit diagram, the direct combination of the m-k method with the crystal plasticity has been applied. The direct method is chosen due to the particular state of the mathematical equations associated with FLD. A Face-Centered Cubic (FCC) polycrystalline metal has been used here, so, the Taylor method for the polycrystals can be used. Although this method ignores the interactions between the crystals to describe plasticity, it can also reduce the computational cost by simplifying of the strain uniformity theory. In this study, polycrystal plasticity and dislocation method have been merged with a new way. Only the hardening process is modeled based on the dislocation density and its modifications, and the entire analysis is based on the rate-dependent crystal plasticity. For the first time, the forming limit diagram is plotted to take into account the effect of dislocation density, and the results have shown that considering the effect of the dislocation density on the shear strength changes, the forming limit diagram formulation becomes nearer to the experimental values.

One of the cutting edge methods to optimally manage creativity is the concept of open innovation. In the era of change and innovation, organizations are always looking to apply innovative practices in all their activities, including human resource systems. In this study, the fundamental issue is to identify the dimensions of a model based on open innovation paradigm focusing on human capital in Mobarakeh Steel Company. This research is exploratory mixed method, based on an applied and a descriptive survey design. The statistical population of the study consists of human resources managers and experts, senior managers and experts in R&D, technology management, knowledge management of Mobarakeh Steel Company. Data and information were collected using semi-structured interviews, extracted in theme analysis method and designed initial model. In the second step, a questionnaire was designed to test the pattern and was distributed among 130 members of the statistical population. The model dimensions were analyzed by statistical tests and structural equations using Amos 24 software and consequently the hypotheses were confirmed. The results showed: the implementation of the HC-based open innovation helps upgrade knowledge in the organization, create win-win relationships, and increase the interaction capital, power, and credit of the organization.

In this research, MnO2 nanoparticles were prepared via chemical redox reactions. Then it was used for removal of the cationic dye of malachite green in an equilibrium batch system. SEM and XRD techniques were used for surface morphology and crystallinity characterization. For the determination of optimum adsorption conditions, the effect of different parameters including pH, initial concentration of dye, contact time, temperature, and adsorbent dosage were investigated. Freundlich and Langmuir adsorption isotherms were employed for the treatment of adsorption data and pseudo-first and second-order of kinetics used for kinetics study. The thermodynamic study indicated that the sorption is an endothermic spontaneous process accompanied by disorder increase. It was found that the adsorption data fit well with Pseudo-second order kinetics and the maximum sorption capacity was 275- 280 mg/g. Desorption study also was carried out and the exhausted adsorbent can be easily regenerated for frequent use.

In this paper, the buckling behavior of rods made of carbon fiber/carbon nanotube-reinforced polyimide (CF/CNT-RP) under the action of axial load is investigated based on a multiscale finite element method. A dual-step procedure is first adopted to couple the influences of micro- and nano-scale in order to obtain the equivalent elastic properties of CF/CNT-RP for various volume fractions of CF and CNT. The interphase effect between CNTs and the polymer matrix is taken into consideration. Also, dispersion of CF/CNT into the polymer matrix is assumed to be random. Then, rods with square and circular cross sections are considered whose stability characteristics are analyzed. The finite element modeling is performed using two models including a 3D brick model and a 2D beam model. Selected numerical results are given to study the effects of volume fraction of CNT/CF, interphase and geometrical properties on the axial buckling response of multiscale composite rods.

The purpose of the present work is to analyze the modulus of elasticity of graphene (Gr) sheet-reinforced metal matrix nanocomposites (MMNCs) using a homogenized model based on the Mori-Tanaka micromechanics approach. The main focus is to investigate the effects of Gr sheet agglomeration on the MMNC macroscopic elastic modulus. Also, the role of aligning Gr sheets in the mechanical performance of MMNC is explored. It is found that a small amount of Gr sheets can increase the elastic properties of the MMNCs. Addition of 5% by volume fraction of Gr sheet in an aluminum (Al) matrix improves the MMNC elastic modulus by 31%. The mechanical properties of MMNCs are very sensitive to the Gr sheet agglomeration. Formation of sheet agglomeration can significantly decrease the MMNC elastic modulus. It is observed that the Gr sheet alignment plays a superior role in enhancing the MMNC elastic properties. Generally, alignment of Gr sheets leads to the maximum level of MMNC mechanical properties in axial direction. As compared to the uniform dispersion type, aligning the 5 vol% Gr sheets can improve the elastic of Al nanocomposite by as much as 20%. The elastic modulus calculated from the present micromechanical model for different types of MMNCs is compared with available experimental data. In addition, the results from the Mori-Tanaka method are also compared with other analytical results acquired from semi-empirical Halpin-Tsai (H-T) model and the rule of mixture (ROM).