s. abdi

Resilience of the innovation ecosystem as a driving force of knowledge-based economies, provides relative stability against environmental disruptions. Currently, finding a comprehensive framework of factors influencing innovation ecosystem resilience is a major concern of policymakers to effectively select policies of resilience improvement. This research analyzes and presents a comprehensive framework of factors influencing innovation ecosystem resilience by using meta-synthesis approach, confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modelling. These factors include Adaptability, Innovation Management, Recovery Capability, Culture, Resource, Robustness, Strategic Planning, and Vulnerability. In this paper, Iranian Power Innovation Ecosystem is considered as a case study. The computational results indicate that vulnerability and adaptability are the most influential factors on innovation ecosystem resilience, while recovery capacity and resiliency culture are less impactful factors. The innovative aspects of this study include the use of meta-Synthesis method for systematic review, content analysis, and categorization of influential factors, as well as the presentation of a comprehensive framework based on factor analysis and structural modelling. The findings of this research assist innovation ecosystem policymakers in evaluating various factors and planning accordingly to achieve their desired goals based on the aforementioned framework.

In order to investigate the effects of different intercropping arrangements on quinoa and bean, a field experiment based on randomized complete block design (RCBD) was conducted with three replications during growing season of 2019-2020 in Ahar, northwest of Iran. The treatments included different intercropping patterns consisting of 1 row of quinoa + 1 row of bean (1:1), 1 row of quinoa + 2 row of bean of quinoa (1:2), 1 row of quinoa + 3 row of bean of quinoa (1:3), 2 row of quinoa + 1 row of bean of quinoa (2:1), 2 row of quinoa + 3 row of bean of quinoa (2:3), 3 row of quinoa + 1 row of bean of quinoa (3:1), 3 row of quinoa + 2 row of bean of quinoa (3:2) and sole cropping of quinoa and bean. Results showed that intercropping patterns had significant effect on all of the studied traits of quinoa and bean. The maximum grain yield (1123.4 kg/ha) and biological yield (2625.25 kg/ha) of quinoa were obtained at 2 row of quinoa + 3 row of bean in quinoa and sole cropping, respectively. The maximum grain yield and biological yield for bean were achieved at sole cropping. The average yield loss (AYL) index of quinoa in different arrangements of intercropping was higher than the AYL of bean, which indicates that quinoa in intercropping is more resistant to yield reduction compared to bean. The highest land equivalent ratio (LER) values (1.84) were obtained from 2 row of quinoa + 3 row of bean arrangement. This means that intercropping improved land use efficiency by 84%, compared with monocropping.

In order to define a suitable sowing date and effect of nitrogen fertilizer on quinoa, a randomized complete block design field experiment was conducted based on a split-plot design with three replications in 2019 at Ahar, Iran. Experimental treatments included: Five sowing dates (Feb. 24, Mar. 11, Mar. 25, Apr. 9 and Apr. 25) as main plot and five levels of nitrogen fertilizer (0, 90, 180, 270 and 360 kg ha-1) as sub plots. Results indicated that maximum 1000-seed weight (3.48 g) was obtained at sowing date of 25 Apr. under 180 kg ha-1 nitrogen and the highest grain yield and biomass were observed at sowing date of 25 Apr. with application of 270 and 360 kg ha-1 nitrogen fertilizer. The highest plant height and grain nitrogen percentage were obtained in the sowing date of 25 Apr. with application of 90, 180, 270 and 360 kg ha-1. A significant increase in nitrogen agronomic efficiency was observed with increasing application of nitrogen from control to 90 kg ha-1 in all sowing dates. The highest growing period (with 137 days) was observed at sowing date of 24 Feb. and the lowest growing period (with 95 days) was observed at sowing date of 25 Apr. Generally, the sowing date of 25 Apr. with application of 270 kg ha-1 nitrogen fertilizer is suitable for Ahar region owing to the shortest growing period and highest grain yield and biomass.

Introduction &

Pesticide residues in environment and food have a negative impact on the health of living organisms. Therefore, this study was carried out for evaluation of benomyl residues in mushroom marketed in Hamadan city in 2014 using spectrophotometry.

10 specimens of mushroom were collected from greenhouses and market basket of Hamadan city. After preparation and processing the samples in the laboratory, be-nomyl residues in samples were determined using a spectrophotometric method in 3 replica-tions. All statistical analyses were performed using the SPSS statistical package.

The mean concentration of benomyl residues in samples were 5.90±0.75, 2.10± 0.487, 40.04±1.346, 0.32±0.044, 14.0±0.785, 1.54±0.304, 40.0±0.45, 0.87±0.055, 0.66± 0.032 and 49.60±0.303 µg kg-1 and more than the maximum residue limit (MRL) provided by the World Health Organization (10 ppb). The results of the comparison of the mean concentration of pesticide residues among samples revealed significant differences in most of the samples (P<0.05).

The results showed that mean concentrations of benomyl residues in mushroom samples were exceeding that of the MRL. Therefore, it is essential to impart proper education to the farming community about hazards involved in the overuse of toxic pesticides. Also, codification of laws and their enforcement and implementation of programs for the regular periodic monitoring of pesticide residues in foodstuffs especially in vegetables cultivated un-der greenhouse conditions at the national level to protect consumers’ health are recom-mended.

Transcatheter closure of small to moderate patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) has been well established during this last decade. The Amplatzer device occluder (ADO) is a self expandable device with ease of delivery and a rapid learning curve. The aim of the study was to access the optimum sizing of ADO in regard to maximum efficacy with respect to shunt occlusion without oversizing and reducing bulk and potential protrusions.

From April 2007 to July 2008, a total of twenty-four adult PDA closures were reviewed.Occlusion was achieved via antegrade venous approach. Our primary objective was an evaluation of optimum ADO sizing for PDA closures. We retrospectively compared the patients with a theoretical optimum size as regards complications and residual shunts.

PDA size determination was based on the smallest diameter at pulmonary artery (PA) side.Based on specific criteria, undersizing was not observed in our cases, while oversizing was noted in 42% of cases. Oversizing did not lead to a decrease in residual shunts (37.5% vs. 36%, p=NS). Although no short-term complications were observed in the oversized group, oversizing resulted in a characteristic mushroom deformity due to unnecessary tension applied to our device. The Chinese device also performed well in terms of deployment and short-term complications with no significant difference in comparison to its American counterpart (p=NS).

An acceptable rate of acute complications was obtained; nonetheless, we were frequently oversizing, leading to mild device deformation and protrusion. Although not previously described in the literature, the terminal ballooning of the ADO should alert us of such a complication.

To determine the effects of different intensities of leaf removal at different reproduction stages of sunflower on seed yield and oil percentage, and the most sensitive stages to defoliation, an experiment was carried out by split-spilt plot design in randomized complete block with 3 replications at research farm, College of Agric. Urmia University, in 2004. The main factor, sub factor and sub-sub factor in our experiment were: 1. two cultivars, Uroflor and Alstar, 2. defoliation at four reproduction stages, star shape of inflorescence (R2), pollination stage (R5), seed setting initiation (R6) and final period of seed setting (R7), and 3. four defoliation intensities ( 0% as an undefoliated control, 25%, 50% and 75% ). Seeding was accomplished on May 23. Average triple factor interactions verified that different defoliations at R2 stage have significantly reduced seed yield and oil percentage of both Uroflor and Alstar cultivars. Out of this reduction, 75 percent defoliation at R2 was the most, while at R5 and R6 stages 50 and 75 defoliation caused significant reduction on seed yield in comparison with control. At R7 stage different defoliations had no significant effect on seed yield of Uroflor cultivar, while, on Alstar cultivar, 75 percent defoliation at R7 stage caused significant difference in relation to control. Also average triple interaction among factors showed that none of defoliation percentages had significant effect on oil percentage. In view of the fact that, seed development and filling occurred after defoliation at R2 and R5 , the most variation resulted from defoliation of valued traits like number of filled seed per head and weight of 1000 seeds, observed at R2 and R5 stages and consequently reduced seed and oil yields. On the bases of this experiment it could be concluded that sunflower cultivation with losses of 50 and 75 percent will be economically unprofitable and it will be more desirable to replace it with any other suitable crop in the region.

Objective: 

Idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (IDCM) is currently an important cause ‎of mortality and morbidity due to chronic heart failure. The aim of our study was to ‎assess whether there could be any clinical and /or echocardiographic improvement in ‎patients with IDCM who had undergone treatment of recombinant human growth ‎hormone (GH).‎ ‎‎ ‎.

Methods: 

Fourteen patients with IDCM and moderate heart failure (e.g. New York ‎Heart‏ ‏Association functional class II-III) were studied at base line, immediately and ‎‎3-months after treatment with GH. The study was a double-blind clinical trial. ‎Traditional treatment (e.g. digoxin, ACEI, B-blocker and diuretics) was continued ‎during the study. Cardiac performance was evaluated with clinical and ‎echocardiographic examinations.‎ ‎

Results: 

In spite of statistical improvements in the left ventricular ejection fraction ‎‎(LVEF)(mean ±SD from 35.6±5.9% at the base line of this study to 39.6%f6.7% ‎immediately and 39.3%f7.9% three months after treatment, p value <0.05), other data ‎of the clinical and echocardiographic findings were not significantly different between ‎base line and post-treatment‏.‏‎‎

Conclusion:

We conclude that 3-months of GH therapy in patients with idiop thic ‎dilated cardiomyopathy had little beneficial effects on cardiac mass and performance ‎‎(Iranian Heart Journal 2003; 4 (4):68-71‎‏(.‏