s.m. alavi

Considering the high volume, wide variety, and rapid speed of data generation, investigating feature selection methods for big data presents various applications and advantages. By removing irrelevant and redundant features, feature selection reduces data dimensions, thereby facilitating optimal decision-making within decision systems. One of the key tools for feature selection in hybrid information systems is fuzzy rough set theory. However, this theory faces two significant challenges: First, obtaining fuzzy equivalence relations through intersection operations in high-dimensional spaces can be both time-consuming and memory-intensive. Additionally, this method may produce noisy data, complicating the feature selection process.The purpose and innovation of this paper are to address these issues. We proposed a new feature selection model that calculates the combined distance between objects and subsequently used this information to derive the fuzzy equivalence relation. Rather than directly solving the feature selection problem, this approach reformulates it into an optimization problem that can be tackled using appropriate meta-heuristic algorithms. We have named this new approach FSbuHD. The FSbuHD model operates in two modes—normal and optimistic—based on the selection of one of the two introduced fuzzy equivalence relations. The model is then tested on standard datasets from the UCI repository and compared with other algorithms. The results of this research demonstrate that FSbuHD is one of the most efficient and effective methods for feature selection when compared to previous methods and algorithms.

In the paper, we need to identify the stance of persian language in social networks. While the data set for detecting the stance with persian content have applications. Therefore, with the aim of accurately identifying the stance in the post and extracting the stances of persian language, the user expressed a post that relation to one or more target entities a new method for the first time. Hybrid LSTM-CNN architecture was used and, unlike previous researches, rotational learning rate was used, and a new the method for processing data before entering the network is presented to improve the results, which can stance persian in the network. Identifying the social in addition, to solve the problems related to the lack of data, the BERT model was investigated to detect the persian stance. On the based on the results obtained, tagged data was collected, and after many surveys and numerous meetings. Taged data analyzed from the telegram social network in the field of business sport for a limited time frame, and show how the presented model has achieved higher accuracy than Competitors. At the end of the training course, the proposed model improves results by 11 .3% in terms of accuracy.

The beneficial characteristics of endophytic bacteria in general and environmental safety features of Bacillus spp. in particular, have made them potentially efficacious bacteria for plant growth promotion as well as plant defense elicitation against biotic and abiotic stresses. Given that the preservation of biodiversity and sustainability of the Hyrcanian forests in Iran is of utmost importance ecologically and environmentally, proper management of this ecosystem demands considerable attention and care. Studying the microbiome structure and activities, including determination of microorganisms living as endophytes or commensals can be regarded as the starting steps in this context. This study was aimed at the molecular identification and physiological characterization of endophytic Bacillus isolates recovered from the roots of hornbeam (Carpinus betulus L.) trees in some different locations of Hyrcanian forests.

Samples of hornbeam roots were randomly collected from Mazandaran and Golestan provinces, Iran, in the early spring of 2020. Root segments were surface-disinfected, washed in sterile distilled water (SDW) and crushed in drops of SDW using a sterile mortar and pestle. Isolation of bacteria was done by spreading drops of the suspension on plates of tryptic soy agar (TSA). Single colonies were selected after 3-4 days of incubation at 28˚C and restreaked on TSA to obtain pure cultures. Initial identification of the isolates was based on colony morphology, Gram-stain reaction, position of endospores, and production of catalase and oxidase. The isolates were characterized phenotypically and their diversity was assessed by comparing their DNA fragment patterns following their amplification by REP-, BOX- and IS50-PCR and electrophoresis on agarose gels. The data were converted into a binary matrix using TotalLab TL120 software, where the digits 1/0 represented the presence/absence of a DNA band. The similarity matrix and clustering were generated by the use of NTSYS 2.02e software based on the unweighted pair group method with arithmetic average (UPGMA) clustering algorithm. A representative isolate was selected for each of the DNA profile groups and a fragment of the 16S rRNA and HSP60 genes of each was amplified by PCR. PCR products were sequenced by Microsynth company (Switzerland) through the Sanger sequencing method. The nucleotide sequences were aligned and compared with those of a collection of Bacillus species retreived from GenBank using the BLASTn program. Phylogenetic trees were constructed using the Maximum-Likelihood and Neighbor-Joining methods with 1000 bootstraps in MEGA X software package. Antibacterial activity of Bacillus isolates against Brenneria roseae, the causal agent of hornbeam wetwood disease, was investigated using sterilized blank paper disk impregnated with extracts prepared in dichloromethane. The isolates were assessed for their capacity to produce Indole acetic acid (IAA), hydrogen cyanide, protease, and biofilm.

Thirty bacterial strains were isolated from hornbeam roots on TSA medium and subsequently characterized. The absence of bacterial colonies on the TSA plates inoculated with the final rinse water from the uncrushed bark fragments indicated the effectiveness of the surface disinfection procedure. The isolates were grouped into three clusters based on their phenotypic and genotypic characteristics. Comparison of the nucleotide sequences of the 16S rDNA and HSP60 with the sequences obtained from GenBank (NCBI) led to the identification of Bacillus thuringiensis, B. subtilis, and B. mycoides as the species constituting the three clusters, with B. thuringiensis being the predominant group. B. subtilis was the most populated and B. mycoides the least encountered species. Phylogenetic analysis based on the HSP60 gene sequence proved to be a reliable approach for determining the Bacillus species. IAA production level varied from eight to 75 mg/L among the species, with B. mycoides isolates producing the highest and B. subtilis the lowest levels of IAA. Most of the isolates had the capability to produce lipase, gelatinase, lecithinase, protease, and amylase. The isolates of B. thuringiensis produced higher levels of protease than the rest of the isolates. Biofilm production was particularly prominent in isolates of B. subtilis. The dichloromethane extract of B. subtilis isolate rAqa2 exhibited the highest growth inhibition (18.3 ± 0.25mm in diameter) of Brenneria roseae.

A high level of genotypic and phenotypic heterogeneity existed among the endophyte isolates recovered from the roots of C. betulus, despite their isolation from a common source species. This could be partly justified by viewing the Hyrcanian forests as a mixed-species ecosystem and a source of microbial consortia that could protect plants against stresses. This study is the first investigation on the molecular identification and characterization of endophytic Bacillus isolates from hornbeam roots in Iran.

Aspergillus flavus is a major fungal phytopathogen and an opportunistic pathogen to humans and livestock. The fungus produces immunosuppressive and carcinogenic aflatoxins that acts as a burden in food and feed industries. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the cell wall protein, A. flavus mannoprotein 1 (AFLMP1), is exclusively present in Aspergillus section Flavi such as A. flavus and A. parasiticus. This makes AFLMP1 an excellent candidate for siRNA-based control of aflatoxigenic fungi in farms and processing units, and fungal therapy in hospitals. Here and for the first time, mode of action of a chemically synthesized RNA interference (siRNA) was investigated for the control of AFLMP1 synthesis. The efficacy of direct uptake of different concentration of siRNA on spore germination of A. flavus was monitored via Opera High Content Screening confocal microscope. siRNA caused growth inhibition at lower concentrations (0.65 nM) and germination failure (more than 90%) at higher concentrations (5 nM), most likely by interfering in mannoprotein biosynthesis. It is assumed that siRNA technology can be implemented as a promising suppressive agent in treatment of target genes for inactivation. It can be considered as an intervention in food/feed industries to control the development and reproduction of fungi to keep the fungal population below hazard critical points.

The fuzzy operations on fuzzy numbers of type L-R are much easier than general fuzzy numbers. It would be interesting to approximate a fuzzy number by a fuzzy number of type L-R. In this paper, we state and prove two significant application inequalities in the monotonic functions set. These inequalities show that under a condition, the nearest fuzzy number of type L-R to an arbitrary fuzzy number exists and is unique. After that, the nearest fuzzy number of type L-R can be obtained by solving a linear system. Note that the trapezoidal fuzzy numbers are a particular case of the fuzzy numbers of type L-R. The proposed method can represent the nearest trapezoidal fuzzy number to a given fuzzy number. Finally, to approximate fuzzy solutions of a fuzzy linear system, we apply our idea to construct a framework to find solutions of crisp linear systems instead of the fuzzy linear system. The crisp linear systems give the nearest fuzzy numbers of type L-R to fuzzy solutions of a fuzzy linear system. The proposed method is illustrated with some examples.

One of the significant concerns in the MTDC systems is that voltage source converters (VSCs) do not hit their limits in the post-contingency conditions. Converters outage, DC line disconnection, and changeable output power of wind farms are the most common threats in these systems. Therefore, their destructive impact on neighboring AC systems should be minimized as much as possible. The fixed droop control is a better choice than others to deal with this, although it also has some limitations. Accordingly, a novel centralized droop-based control strategy considering N-1 contingency is proposed in this paper. It prevents converters from exceeding their limits while causes optimal power sharing and minimum DC link voltage deviation immediately, without secondary control layer. It also utilizes maximum wind power without curtailment. These properties improve the performance of the MTDC system in post-contingency conditions. The effectiveness of the proposed control method is validated by simulation of a 4-terminal VSC-MTDC system in MATLAB/Simulink R2016a.

Considering with the variability in the rate of blood and blood consumption in different medical centers, study of the transfusion practices in hospitals can affect the policies and planning related to the transfusion management. The aim of this study was to evaluate the transfusion practices in Rajaie cardiovascular hospital.

In this cross sectional study, we collected data from 399 adult patients underwent cardiac surgery at Ri cardiovascular medical center from February to July 2018 .The number of reserved and transfused units of blood components, frequency of transfused patients, and the frequency of blood components consumption were recorded. The frequency of transfused patients and number of blood components consumed were compared considering with the type of surgery. The data were analyzed by one way ANOVA and chi-square tests.

71% (282) of patients received at least one unit of blood product. 65% (259) of patients received RBC, 21% (83) FFP and 18% (71) received platelet. Of the 749 reserved RBC units, 256 units (34%) were transfused. 25% of patients had preoperative anemia. The mean trigger of hemoglobin for transfusion was 10.3 ± 3.1 g/dL. Comparison of the frequency of transfused patients as well as mean number of blood components did not show significant difference considering with the type of surgery.

Considering with the high rate of transfusion in this center, following a restrictive threshold of hemoglobin according to the blood transfusion guidelines as well as implementation of a preoperative anemia management guideline and MSBOS is recommended.

Direction finding of acoustic sources has special importance in military and industrial applications. Lots of algorithms are proposed for solving this problem but, as the complicated conditions of environment enter the problem, a common method with arbitrary precision does not exist for all situations. One of these cases is finding the direction of acoustic sources in multi reflection media such as shallow waters. In this case, many virtual sources are born which are copies of independent sources and are neither detectable nor removable. When the number of these reflections are more than the number of array sensors, the assumptions of customary direction-finding methods are not satisfied and therefore these methods are no longer applicable. In this case, we are facing a problem that the number of signal sources are more than the number of sensors. An important idea for handling this multipath phenomenon, is to increase the degree of freedom of the sonar array which can be solved based on the sparse arrays. Actually, employing the MRA array, will increase the number of real array sensors virtually so that the problem will return to the ordinary conditions. In this idea, the array manifold matrix is modified to be proportional to the sparse non-uniform array. Simulations confirm the function of the proposed algorithm in the presence of correlated sources that have low error and high angular resolution so that, by 6 real array sensors, this algorithm could find the direction of 12 sources whether independent or correlated. This algorithm is very close to CRLB limit and is better than all compared methods.

Group dynamic assessment (G-DA) grounded in Vygotsky’s socio-cultural theory (SCT) is believed to have the potential to provide a context for capturing a group of learners’ Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD) (Poehner & Lantolf، 2010; Shabani، 2010). The present study aims at testing the applicability of G-DA in identifying the mediational strategies offered by a mediator during his G-DA interactions with a group of L2 learners in the context of listening. Moreover، it seeks to unravel the effects of G-DA-based instruction on the co-construction of knowledge among L2 listeners. A microgenetic، longitudinal and interactionist methodology formed the theoretical basis for the construction of the assessment procedures. The participants included a group of L2 learners ranging in age from 20 to 25. The materials used in the assessment sessions were authentic texts selected from the normal VOA broadcasts. The qualitative analysis of G-DA protocols led to the development of an inventory of mediational strategies consisting of different forms of implicit and explicit feedback. The analysis also showed how collective scaffolding (Donato، 1994) could pave the way for establishing distributed help among learners (Platt & Brooks، 1994) within the social space of the class in the course of which secondary and primary interactants mutually benefit from each other's contributions (Poehner، 2009). The inventory of mediational strategies helped track the learners’ microgenetic and developmental trajectories over time. Finally، on the basis of the findings language teachers are suggested to use mediational strategies developed in this study as a reference to provision of feedbacks during interactions with a group ZPD.

Cryptosporidium is a protozoan parasite with worldwide distribution. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of Cryptosporidium infection by antigen detection in faeces among immunocompromised patients referred to educational hospitals of Ahvaz City, South-West of Iran, 2009-2010. Fecal samples from 176 immunocompromised patients were collected and Cryptosporid­ium coproantigen test was performed using ELISA method (DRG kit, Germany). A questionnaire was completed for each case and the results were analyzed using descriptive and Chi-Square tests, by SPSS statistical software (15th version). Our study indicated 5.1% Cryptosporidium infection prevalence in the immunocompro­mised participated population. Furthermore, 4.2 %, 4%, 4.5 % and 9.1% infection rates were identi­fied in children suffered from hematopoietic malignancy, adult cancer patients, renal trans­plant recipients, and HIV+ cases, respectively. There was not significant correlation between the infection and age and gender (P>0.05). Infection was most frequent among HIV+ patients. The present study confirmed the high prevalence of Cryptosporidium antigen in fe­cal samples of immunocompromised patients in the region. As no chemotherapeutic agents have yet proven, especially in immunosuppressed patients, therefore our results highlight the impor­tance of preventive intervention in these groups.