sm. tabatabaee

The present study aimed to examine the mediating role of school bonding in the relationship between interparental conflict and externalizing problem behaviors in early adolescence. Three hundred and twenty-one junior high school students (7th, 8th, and 9th graders) studying in Semnan in 2017-18 academic year (169 girls & 152 boys; M=13.69, SD=0.94) were selected through convenience sampling method. The participants completed the Children's Perception of Interparental Conflict Scale (Grych et al., 1992), the Youth Self-Report Scale (Achenbach & Rescorla, 2001) and the School Bonding Subscale of the People in My Life Scale (Murray & Greenberg, 2001). The structural equation modeling was used to analyze the data. Results indicated that: 1) The relationship between interparental conflict and problem behaviors was positive and significant, 2) the relationship between interparental conflict and school bonding was negative and significant, 3) the relationship between school bonding and problem behaviors was negative and significant, and 4) school bonding mediated the relationship between interparental conflict and problem behaviors. These findings highlighted the impact of school bonding in the relationship between interparental conflict and externalizing problem behaviors (aggressive and rule-breaking behaviors) in early adolescence. The findings can be utilized to develop intervention programs targeting to prevent or reduce externalizing problem behaviors.

This study was carried out to predict academic engagement based on academic support and family emotional climate with the mediating role of academic emotions. This cross-sectional research had a descriptive-correlational design. The statistical population of the study comprised all female junior high school students in Semnan in 2019-20 school year from among whom 236 individuals were selected through multi-stage cluster sampling method. Research instruments included School Engagement Questionnaire (Fredricks et al., 2004), Academic Emotions Questionnaire (Pekrun et al., 2005), Heilbrun’s Parent-Child Interaction Rating Scale (1964), and Academic Support Scale (Sands & Plunkett, 2005). The data were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient and Structural equation modeling. Results showed that among subscales of academic emotions, enjoyment, anxiety, and fatigue in the classroom could mediate the relationships of family emotional climate and academic support to academic engagement. Results of path analysis demonstrated that academic support had no significant effect on enjoyment, anxiety, and fatigue in the classroom. The rest of the model paths were significant. Therefore, by strengthening positive academic emotions, making classrooms more interesting, reducing negative academic emotions such as students' anxiety and fatigue in the classroom, increasing academic support, and promoting a positive and constructive family emotional climate, it is possible that students' academic engagement will also increase.

In order to increase time interval of the fruit supply and to produce variability and benefit from the marketable characteristics of superior apricot germplasm, six promising genotypes selected among native genotypes of East Azerbaijan province, Iran were evaluated from 2004 to 2018. In these studies, the generative and vegetative characteristics of these genotypes were assessed during the implementation of seven research projects and studied genotype were compared with the cv. Ordubad 90 (as control). The results showed that fruit of genotype No. 190 was ripened at least 20 days later than control. Although the mean differences of fruit volume and weight of this genotype were non-significant with control but its flesh firmness in the physiological ripening stage was significantly more than the control (3 kgcm-2). Also, a significant difference was observed between the weight ratio of fruit/stone of genotype 190 and control having ratios of 25.6 and 16.6, respectively. The fruit of this genotype with 25% moisture reduction was dried ideally and its organoleptic characteristics remained stable for at least one year in cold storage conditions. Studies also revealed that the superiority of the characteristics of yield efficiency, relative coloring of fruit, ripening date, storage period, shelf life and transportability of genotype No. 190 in comparison with control and therefor this genotype was released and introduced as "Sahand 97" commercial name to the Iran's horticultural community.

Studies have shown that cognitive function is impaired in patients with diabetic retinopathy. The aim of this study was to determine and compare active memory, inhibition of response and dimensions of nature and character in patients with type 2 diabetic retinopathy and normal counterparts in Tabriz.

The present investigation was a cross-sectional descriptive-comparative study. The statistical population of this study were 160 patients with type 2 diabetic retinopathy with an age range of 32 to 55 years referred to Tabriz Diabetes Center in 2019. Based on the available sample, 80 patients with type 2 diabetic retinopathy were selected in Tabriz hospitals and with 80 Ordinary people became equal, in addition to the questionnaire of the dimensions of nature and the character of Cloninger, they answered the tasks of memory and inhibition. Data were analyzed using multivariate, Levene's Test and Kolmogorov-Smirnov analysis of variable statistical tests.

Data analysis indicated that there was a significant difference between the scores of patients with type 2 diabetic retinopathy and normal people in active memory, response inhibition and the dimensions of nature and character. This means that in memory and inhibition, the response of the normal group is better than the condition of patients with type 2 retinopathy, and also in the components of reward dependence, perseverance, cooperation and self-care, the performance of the normal group is better than the retinopathy type 2 (p<0.01). However, retinopathy patients scored higher than normal subjects (p<0.01) and no significant differences were observed between the two groups in the component of regression and self-guidance (p<0.05).

According to the results of the present study, it can be said that diabetic retinopathy patients are more passive in terms of personality and weaker in terms of memory than their counterparts and have less inhibition and more impulsive behavior in their behaviors. As a result, it is recommended that cognitive rehabilitation training be considered for these patients.

Nowadays, the trade of Halal products especially Halal food is considered a profitable economic program by the majority of Muslim and even Non-Muslim countries. While Muslim countries are also considered target markets for the trade of Halal products by Non-Muslim countries, production of Halal products by Islamic countries can create job opportunities for Muslims as well as new markets and new ways for the replacement of Halal products by non-Halal ones. Currently some of the Eurasian countries are preparing trade plans for their Halal products. Thanks to the better quality of Halal products and despite the fact that they are 20 to 30 percent more expensive than non Halal products, public interest in Halal products has grown. Some companies in France and Britain are active in the supply of Halal products to both Muslims and Non-Muslims and this trade has turned out to be a lucrative trade. Meanwhile, the Organization of the Islamic Conference (OIC) with 57 active members is planning to design a unified standard mark for the products of the Islamic countries so that these countries with their cooperation can take the market for Halal products.

The effect of health status on productivity has widely been studied and discussed in literature. Valid and reliable tools are needed to evaluate the levels of health and productivity and provide detailed information, before any intervention is implemented. World Health Organization Health and Work Performance Questionnaire (HPQ) is a widely used instrument in estimating the workplace costs of health problems in terms of reduced job performance, sickness absence, and work-related accidents and injuries. To assess the reliability and validity of Persian version of HPQ in Iranian health care workers. The questionnaire was translated to Persian and back translated. 102 health care workers completed the questionnaire. Absence and sick-leave data was extracted from administrative records. Factor analysis revealed acceptable validity for the questionnaire in part A (health). Cronbach's alpha was >0.73 for all scales of Parts B (work) and C (demographic). Questions targeting days of absence and sick-leave had acceptable correlation with administrative records (Pearson's r >0.75), while questions on total hours worked showed lower correlation. Persian version of HPQ can be considered a reliable and valid tool in Iranian health workers

Among several methods which are accessible for manageing wrist spasticity after stroke, wrist splinting is commonly used as an adjacent treatment, but there are many controversies surrounding its efficacy. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of the Dynamic and Static splints on wrist spasticity after stroke.

In this experimental study, 31 stroke patients were selected and randomly divided into three groups including: Dynamic splint, Static splint and control group. Participants in the intervention groups wore their own splints for three months, five days per week and on average, six hours per day. Wrist spasticity was measured by both Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS) and electromyography (EMG) tests at the baseline and after third month. Kroskal-Wallis and one-way ANOVA were used to statistically analyze MAS and Hmax/Mmax ratio scores respectively.

Statistical analysis of data showed no significant reduction of spasticity during study period according to either MAS or EMG data in any of the groups (p>0/05).

Based on these findings, use of the splint as a method for reducing wrist spasticity could not be beneficial in the selected patients.