نشریه ارمغان دانش
سال بیست و پنجم شماره 2 (پیاپی 139، خرداد و تیر 1399)

Problems caused by substance abuse among consumers reduce self-efficacy to deal with physical, social and psychological problems. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of dialectical behavioral therapy as a group on the self-efficacy of coping with problems in people referring to residential and semi-residential centers for addiction quitting in Yasuj city.

The present research was a clinical trial study. The statistical population consisted of all drug-dependent patients referring to residential and semi-residential addiction treatment centers in Yasuj city in 2015-2016. 40 patients were selected by available sampling method and randomly assigned to two experimental and control groups. The tools used in this study included a self-efficacy questionnaire to deal with the problems of Chesney et al. Dialectical Behavioral Therapy interventions were performed on the experimental group at 8 sessions of one hour and a half once a week, but no interventions were performed on the control group. After the intervention, both experimental (experimental and control) groups were tested. Data were analyzed using SPSS 23 software and statistical tests of covariance analysis.

The mean and deviation of the pre-test score of the self-efficacy test were 80.17 ± 35.80 in the experimental group and 76.70 4 4.64 in the control group. Also, the mean and deviation of the post-test self-efficacy test scores were 12.26 48 26.48 in the experimental group and 77.7 09 4.94 in the control group. The findings indicated that dialectical behavioral therapy, as a group, led to an increase in the self-efficacy of coping with the experimental group compared to the control group (p <0.001).

Dialectical behavioral therapy can increase the effectiveness of coping with the problems of hospitalized patients in addiction treatment centers. Furthermore, mental health professionals can use this treatment as an effective treatment strategy in treating other psychological problems of patients with substance abuse.

Diabetes is as a chronic disorder, which produce lots of limitation in patients' activities and psychological quality. The aim of the present study was to investigate the efficacy of cognitive-behavioral therapy based on Lazarus's multimodal approach to psychological weakness and thoughts fusion among diabetic patients with wounds.

The present study was a semi-experimental (pre-test, post-test) with a control and experimental group. The statistical population of study consisted of 50 diabetic patients with wounds in Tabriz Sina Hospital, 24 patients with Purposive sampling selected and randomly divided into two experimental and control groups (each group was 12). The experimental group participated in group sessions for 8 sessions of 120 minutes, while the control group did not receive any intervention. Subjects in both experimental and control groups were assessed with the Minnesota Multiplier Questionnaire (MMPI) Questionnaire (Pt sub-scale) and Thought Fusion Inventory (TFI) before and after treatment. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics (such as mean and standard deviation), ANCOVA and MANCOVA

Results indicated that there were significant differences in post-test mean scores of experimental and control groups and cognitive behavior therapy could significantly reduce psychological weakness (F=41/138, p=0.01) and increase thought fusion (F=9/306, P<0.007).

Cognitive behavioral therapy with changing maladaptive thought and helping to accept disease, resulted in behavior change in diabetic patients.

Nursing jobs reduce psychological well-being and psychological capital due to stress. Life skills training as an educational method can improve the general health and quality of nurses’ life. The purpose of this study was to determine and study life skills training on psychological well-being and psychological capital in nurses of Shahid Beheshti Hospital in Yasuj.

The present research was a semi-experimental study with a pre and post-test design with two experimental and control groups. The statistical population of this study included all nurses of Shahid Beheshti Hospital in Yasuj. In the present study, a random sampling method was used to determine the sample. 70 nurses were selected as a statistical sample. From this number, couples and subjects were replaced in two experimental and control groups (35 subjects in each group). Rif psychological well-being questionnaire and standard social capital questionnaire were used to collect data. Data were analyzed using analysis of covariance statistics.

The results displayed that the mean score of psychological well-being and psychological capital in the experimental group increased in the post-test stage compared to the pre-test. Moreover, the results of the covariance analysis test also indicated that the mean score of psychological capital, psychological well-being between before and after the intervention was statistically significant (P <0.05).

Group training of life skills could be effective in increasing psychological well-being, psychological capital and quality of life of nurses. It seems that life skills training can be used as an appropriate intervention method to promote the psychological capital and psychological well-being of nurses.

Mothers of children with Down syndrome face challenges in caring for their children which lead to decreased happiness among them. The present research was conducted by the aim of investigating the effectiveness of positive psychotherapy on happiness among mothers of children with Down syndrome.

The present research was a semi-experimental study which used a pretest-posttest with control group design. The research population included all the mothers of children with Down syndrome referring to Navide Asr comprehensive rehabilitation center in Tehran in 2017. The sample included 40 mothers (20 subjects per group) who were selected by purposeful sampling method and were assigned into experiment and control groups through random assignment method. The participants of both groups completed the Demographic Information Questionnaire and the Oxford Happiness Questionnaire in pretest and posttest stages. Sessions of weekly group positive psychotherapy were held in eight 90-minute sessions for the participants of the experiment group, but the control group participants received no intervention. Univariate analysis of covariance, Kolmogorov–Smirnov test and Levene’s Test in SPSSv20 was used for analyzing the data.

Mean and standard deviation of the scores of happiness among the subjects of the experiment group were 39.95 ± 6.38 in pretest which equaled 59.45 ± 9.10 in the posttest. Also, in the control group, mean and standard deviation of the scores of happiness were 40.20 ± 6.06 and 38.65 ± 7.22 in pretest and posttest stages, respectively. Results of the covariance analysis indicated that, by controlling for the effect of pretest, there is a significant difference in between the mean scores of experiment and control groups suggesting the effectiveness of positive psychotherapy in increasing happiness among the experiment subjects (F = 95.76, P < 0.01).

Results of the present research confirmed the effectiveness of positive psychotherapy in improving happiness among mothers of children with Down syndrome. The results affirm the importance of applying this intervention on psychological symptoms of mothers of children with Down syndrome and offering new perspectives in clinical interventions.

Given the likelihood of recurrence of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms and the ineffectiveness of therapeutic approaches in the lasting improvement of the symptoms of this disorder, accurate identification of the factors involved in initiating and maintaining PTSD is of paramount importance. The aim of this study was to determine the role of childhood injuries, time perspective and experimental avoidance in post-traumatic stress disorder.

The subjects of the present descriptive-cross-sectional research were 131 patients with PTSD (72 females and 59 males) who were seeking treatment at the health centers of Shiraz in spring, summer, autumn and winter of 2018-2019, which were selected according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria and the Structured Interview for Axis I and II disorders(SCID). The PTSD Checklist—5 (PCL-5), Childhood Trauma Questionnaire(CTQ), Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory (ZTPI) and Acceptance and Action Questionnaire–II (AAQ-II) were used. Data were analyzed with the structural equation modeling(Correlation coefficients and regression) in Amos software (23-ver).

The results indicated that the proposed model was well fitted (CFI=0.95, GFI=0.92, TLI= 0.93, IFI= 0.95, NFI= 0.90, RMSEA= 0.07), and all of the direct and indirect path coefficients were significant at the alpha level of 0.01. So that time perspective and experiential avoidance significantly mediated the relationship between childhood trauma and PTSD symptoms. That relationship between childhood trauma, time perspective, experimental avoidance, and PTSD symptoms was significant. All variables (childhood trauma, time perspective, and experimental avoidance) were able to directly predict PTSD symptoms. Also, time perspective and experimental avoidance significantly mediated the relationship between childhood trauma and PTSD symptoms.

In sum, the results of the present study are consistent with the time perspective theory for PTSD and the conceptual model of this study, so that people who have been abused or rejected as children form a negative temporal perspective which in turn leads to the use of negative emotion regulation strategies to deal with negative emotions. The findings of this study suggest that it is necessary to consider the role of childhood trauma, experimental avoidance and time perspective in treatment protocols for people with PTSD.

Diabetes is one of the most serious public health problems in the world with a growing trend. The specific problems of these patients in the controlling and treating of this disease, which is cause many challenges in everyday life , which necessitates the use of coping behaviors in order to better adapt to stressful conditions. The aim of this study was to correlate the coping strategies with short-term memory capacity in type 1 and type 2 diabetic patients and healthy individuals.

The present study was an analytical study of correlation conducted to correlate coping strategies with short-term memory capacity in type 1 and type 2 diabetic patients and healthy individuals at Mazandaran Diabetes Center. The statistical population of the study was 176 people, of which 58 people with type 1 diabetes, 60 people with type 2 diabetes and 58 healthy people entered the study. In the present study, self-report questions, standard questionnaires to deal with stress situations and computer tools were used to measure short-term and long-term memory.

No Negative and significant correlation was seen (p<0.01) between short-term memory capacity and mental capacity with avoidant coping strategies and type type1 diabetes as well as negative and significant correlation (p<0.01) between short-term memory capacity and mental capacity with strategies. Also, there was a negative and significant correlation (p <0.01) between short-term memory capacity and mental capacity with emotion coping strategies in the type 2 diabetes. No significant difference was observed in other components.

The obtained findings indicated that using a coping strategy to address the problem of stressful conditions increases the short-term memory capacity. The use of emotion-oriented and avoidance coping strategies will reduce the short-term memory capacity in type 1 and type 2 diabetic patients. Therefore, by controlling stressful situations and training to apply appropriate strategies in crisis situations, the performance of diabetic patients can be improved to some extent.

Human emotions sometimes affect human decisions and cause behaviors on his part. Emotions are expressed positively and negatively, and some of these negative forms are manifested in the form of delinquency. The aim of this study was to determine and compare emotional and risky behaviors in delinquent and normal children and adolescents.

The present descriptive-analytical study of comparative type was conducted in 2018 on 160 children and adolescents of the Welfare Organization, the Center for Correction of Education and Schools of Yasuj in two groups of 80 people (Case, Witness), by sampling in The goal-based access was selected and evaluated with Demographic and Emotional Questionnaires for Rousseau Children and Adolescents. Due to the fact that the control group had to be consistent with the experimental group, therefore, the control group was randomly selected from the middle school students and the high school of Yasuj city. Data were analyzed using Spearman correlation statistical tests, variance analysis, and chi test.

The results of the present study indicated that the highest number of crimes committed by children and adolescents were robbery with 41.2%, quarrel and conflict with 32.6% and other crimes with 26.2%, respectively. Correspondingly, in the present study, there was a significant difference between delinquency of delinquent children and adolescents with normal children (p<0.05) and between the components of emotional excitement, i.e. excitement, adventure and social deterrence, meaningful existence (delinquent children and adolescents) (P<0.05).

Considering that the present study presented a positive and significant relationship between the sensation seeking behavior of normal and delinquent children and adolescents and related components (adventure and social deterrence), therefore, life skills training for children, adolescents and providing appropriate backgrounds, It is recommended to evacuate them by trainers and community administrators.

Studies have shown that cognitive function is impaired in patients with diabetic retinopathy. The aim of this study was to determine and compare active memory, inhibition of response and dimensions of nature and character in patients with type 2 diabetic retinopathy and normal counterparts in Tabriz.

The present investigation was a cross-sectional descriptive-comparative study. The statistical population of this study were 160 patients with type 2 diabetic retinopathy with an age range of 32 to 55 years referred to Tabriz Diabetes Center in 2019. Based on the available sample, 80 patients with type 2 diabetic retinopathy were selected in Tabriz hospitals and with 80 Ordinary people became equal, in addition to the questionnaire of the dimensions of nature and the character of Cloninger, they answered the tasks of memory and inhibition. Data were analyzed using multivariate, Levene's Test and Kolmogorov-Smirnov analysis of variable statistical tests.

Data analysis indicated that there was a significant difference between the scores of patients with type 2 diabetic retinopathy and normal people in active memory, response inhibition and the dimensions of nature and character. This means that in memory and inhibition, the response of the normal group is better than the condition of patients with type 2 retinopathy, and also in the components of reward dependence, perseverance, cooperation and self-care, the performance of the normal group is better than the retinopathy type 2 (p<0.01). However, retinopathy patients scored higher than normal subjects (p<0.01) and no significant differences were observed between the two groups in the component of regression and self-guidance (p<0.05).

According to the results of the present study, it can be said that diabetic retinopathy patients are more passive in terms of personality and weaker in terms of memory than their counterparts and have less inhibition and more impulsive behavior in their behaviors. As a result, it is recommended that cognitive rehabilitation training be considered for these patients.

Human errors, which can be caused by factors such as mental and personality conditions, are the most important factors causing irreparable loss of life and property in traffic accidents. Depression is one of the most common and complex medical and social issues, and if left untreated, it can affect a person's abilities. The aim of this study was to determine and investigate the prevalence of background depression and related factors in drivers of passenger cars with an accident, Trauma Center.

The present study was a cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study of 195 drivers with a car accident in the first half of 2018 at Shahid Beheshti Hospital. Demographic information was collected by a questionnaire and depression was collected by a Beck questionnaire. The questionnaire took an average of 10 minutes to complete. The questionnaire was conducted by a physician who was familiar with the interview. The presence and severity of depression were measured based on this questionnaire and based on the score obtained from the Beck test in the category of very mild or normal depression (grades 1 to 10), mild (11 to 16), borderline and need for counseling (17 to 20), moderate or they were depressed (21 to 30), severely depressed (31 to 40) and overly depressed (41 to 63). Version 3.6.1 R software was used to analyze the data. Based on the type of data collected, statistical tests were used for student analysis, Kolmogorov-Smirinov, Spearman, Mann Whitney, Croscale Wallis, Fisher's meta-analysis or accurate test for analysis.

The results indicated that the average age of drivers was 37.6 years. 55.36% of the study population were married, 46.67% had a university degree, 89.33% of the study population had a normal and low level of economic satisfaction and more than 60% of them did not have job satisfaction. The average depression score was based on the Beck 16 questionnaire, and only 28% of drivers were depressed and healthy, and about 14.36 percent had an alcohol consumption culture.

The results of the present study indicated that the prevalence of depression in drivers in Yasuj was high, out of 9 factors studied, only four factors of smoking, alcohol consumption, economic status and job satisfaction showed a significant correlation between depression and depression. Contrary to popular belief and culture that alcohol is not consumed, consumption among drivers with accidents was widespread.

The influential consequences of war on mental health, well-being, and the quality of life of veterans and their families continue long after the end of the war. The purpose of the present study was to determine the role of mediators of positive and negative emotions in the relationship between difficulty in regulating emotion and quality of life in the spouses of veterans.

The present study was a descriptive-analytical study of correlational designs that used structural equation modeling or causal modeling. The statistical population included all the spouses of veterans of Noorabad, Mamasani, among whom 215 people were selected by available sampling method considering the entry and exit conditions of the research. The tools used included a positive and negative emotion program, a quality of life scale, and a scale of difficulty in regulating emotion. Data analysis was performed using Pearson correlation coefficient and structural equation modeling. Indirect relationships were also analyzed by the bototherapy method.

The results revealed that all the coefficients of the paths between the variables and the quality of life were significant. In this model, the relationship was difficult to regulate emotionally with a negative and significant quality of life. There was also a significant relationship between difficulty in regulating emotion and positive and negative emotions with quality of life (p <0.001). Fitness indicators displayed that the model had acceptable fit with the data. Fitness indicators showed that the model has acceptable fit with the data. The results of indirect path coefficients, using bootstrap method, showed that the difficulty in regulating emotion indirectly and through positive and negative emotions with the quality of life of veterans' spouses.

The research model indicated a suitable and acceptable fit with the obtained data and the assumed structural relationships were confirmed. Based on the results, the difficulty in regulating emotion can be predicted through positive and negative emotions with quality of life in veteran spouses.