فهرست مطالب vahide payam nour

Taxol is an effective anticancer drug which is used widely for the treatment of a variety of cancers .Tissue culture of taxol represents a potential altrnative source of taxol and related taxane. Callogensis in plant regeneration, one method of producing metabolites a secondary in vitro. This study was performed to investigate the basic culture medium and hormonal concentrations for callogenesis of two yew species (Taxus baccata and Taxus berevifolia). The research was conducted as factorial experiment in a completely randomized design. For callus optimization, growth conditions and stem explants were studied in three medium types (WPM, MS and B5) and under the effect of 2,4-D growth regulator at concentrations of 1, 2 and 4 mg l-1 in combination with kinetin at concentrations of 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3 mg l-1. The results showed that the highest percentage of stem callogenesis (57.3%) was observed in WPM medium enriched with 2 mg l-1 2,4-D and 2.0 mg l-1 kinetin. The lowest percentage of callogenesis (22.3%) occurred on MS medium and B5 medium had average callogenesis. Application of lower concentrations of growth regulators than higher concentrations had also more effect on callogenesis variable in stem explants in two studied Taxus species..

Mahaleb cherry (Cerasus mahaleb L.) is endangered duetoitslimitedecological distribution, weak natural regeneration and seedling propagation problems. In order to determine suitable methods for rooting and seedling production of C. mahaleb by hardwood cuttings with treatments of auxin in November and March, an experiment was carried out in a complete randomized design. Treatments were application of Indole Butyric Acid (IBA) at concentrations (0 as control, 500, 1000, 2000, 3000, 5000, and 8000 mg l-1) and Naphtaline Acetic Acid (NAA) at concentrations (0 as control, 500, 1000, 2000, 3000 and 4000 mg l-1). After rooting, rooted cuttings were transferred to the field condition in fure rows with 70 cm distance. After one season of growth, five seedlings were excluded of the substrate and assessed for characteristics. Results showed that concentration of 2000 mg l-1 IBA and 1000 mg l-1 NAA in both of November and March are the best treatments for the percentage of rooting, total seedling dry weight, root area, leaf area, height, relative water content, and chlorophyll characteristics. High auxins concentration caused a decrease in all the characteristics studied. Percentage of rooting and chlorophyll were significantly higher in November than to March in auxin treatments. It is concluded dipping in 2000 mg l-1 IBA is the best treatment for rooting of its hardwood cuttings.

Taxol has been introduced as an efficient natural compound with low toxicity in the control and treatment of a wide range of cancers, including breast, uterine, ovarian and other types that its production primary source is yew trees. Indeed, the limited number of yew trees and the impossibility of direct procurement of taxol from organs natural due to the legal ban on felling of these trees have been led to use in vitro cultures as a suitable alternative for the preparation of taxol. Nowadays, plant cell, tissues and organs cultures can provide the massive and rapid propagation of many medicinal plants. The present study focused on investigating, determining and comparing the amount of produced taxol with natural tissues of Taxus baccata L. and Taxus berevifolia Nutt., in vitro. In order to induce callus, stem and leaf explants were used in WPM medium enriched with 2,4-D and Kinetin hormones. The available Taxol was measured using HPLC techniques. After the extraction process, taxol was measured and compared in normal tissues including the skin, stems and leaves. The result showed that the amount of taxol in normal tissues of both species had a similar trend so that in the leaves was more than in the stem and then in the skin, but its amounts was different in both mentioned species. It was further observed that the amount of taxol was higher in T. baccata. Moreover, the amount of taxol in calluses of T. brevifolia and T. baccata were higher than normal tissues.