yousef

Simple, precise, inexpensive and sensitive voltammetric method was developed for simultaneous determination of Ramipril (RAM) and felodipine (FLD) mixture in drug substance, drug product and human urine using carbon paste electrode (CPE). Effect of different surfactants on peak current was studied in acetate buffer solution of pH 4.8. Sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) is the optimum surfactant based on the enhancement of the peak current. The peak current varied linearly over the concentration ranges from 5×10-5 mol L-1 to 8×10-4 mol L-1 for both drugs. The quantification limits were 1.78×10-5 and 1.94×10-5 mol L-1 and detections limits were 4.5×10-6 and 2.7×10-6 mol L-1 for RAM and FLD, respectively. The proposed voltammetric method was successfully applied to determine RAM and FLD mixture in drug product and human urine. The results of the proposed method were statistically compared with those of the reported method and showed no significant difference. Thus, it can be applied for quality control of both drugs.

Being the culprit in 9% - 13% of neonatal bloodstream infections (BSIs), candidemia has been escalating to worrisome levels in the past few decades. While C. albicans has traditionally been the most common isolate, non-albicans Candida spp. are currently gaining a foothold. We endeavored to investigate the epidemiological features of neonatal candidemia with special emphasis on non-albicans candidemia. Hence, we evaluated the incidence, risk factors, antifungal susceptibility, and case fatality rate of candidemia patients in the NICU. Blood samples were collected from 1296 neonates admitted to the NICU of a tertiary care hospital. Then, only neonates with positive blood cultures were enrolled. Incidence and risk factors of albicans and non-albicans candidemia were evaluated. The E-test was employed to determine the minimum inhibitory concentrations of fluconazole, itraconazole, voriconazole, amphotericin B, and caspofungin. Out of 214 neonates with BSI, candidemia afflicted 32 neonates (15%). The predominant isolate was C. tropicalis (43.8%), followed by C. albicans (25%). Both antibiotic use and antifungal prophylaxis were contributing factors (P values of 0.02 and < 0.01, respectively). Susceptibility testing revealed that 87.5% of the retrieved Candida isolates were sensitive to amphotericin B, 81.25% to fluconazole, 75% to voriconazole, and 62.5% to itraconazole while 48.75% were sensitive to caspofungin. Neonatal candidemia often carries an ominous prognosis. The worldwide progressive shift towards non-albicans candidemia necessitates regular surveillance and monitoring of laboratory data. An epidemiological knowledge is critical in terms of preemptive management that should encompass disciplined infection control practices and a restrictive policy for antibiotic and antifungal prophylaxis.

To evaluation the adaptability and yield stability of dryland barley lines at tropical and sub-tropical dryland areas this study was performed with 20 barley genotypes in RCBD for three growing season (2002-2003 to 2004-2005) at 3 tropical and sub-tropical dryland areas. Bartelet and Hartly Fmax tests were used for detecting homogenity of error variances. Result showed that error variance for all of expriments were hemogenous at 5 and 1% probability levels. To estimation of stability and adatability grain yield of lines، Lin and Binns method (intra location variance)، regresion indexes، deviation from regresion، coffiecient of location variation، coffiecient of determination (R2)، and non-parametric methods such as rank and standard deviation of rank (SDR) were used. Result of combined analysis of 3 years and 3 location showed that the effects of line، line × year and line × year × location were significant at 1% probability level، while the other effects were not significant. The lines of 13، 12، 16 and 17 have the highest grain yield (3. 889، 3. 776، 3. 763 and 3. 545 t/ha، respectively). Results of stability analysis indicated that the line of 13 had higher mean rank for grain yield and in respect of standard deviation of rank line of 1 had lower SDR (2. 59) followed by line of 13 (2. 74). in respect of environmental variance and environmental cofieceint variation lines No. 2 and 14 detected with the at least amounts 0. 36 and 19. 5% respectevely. In comparing all of lines about stability parameters، lines No. 13، 16 and 17 recognized as the the best lines and finnally line 13 as the new barley line that now introduced namely mahoor.

Sayyid Jamal al-Din Asadabadi and Muhammad Abduh are among the pioneers and thinkers of the Islamic Awakening in the Sunni world. Looking at the circumstances of the Islamic nations and retardation of their countries، and feeling a «common suffering»، both of them searched for a solution and found «Islam» as the final solution; and، in accord to their finding، they provided some way out. Although، Sayyid Jamal had in his mind great ideals such as «unity» and tried hard to realize his ideals، he did not pay so attention to appropriateness of his way and did not go to find some public support. The reason behind this was that he was mostly concerned with theoretical reflections upon consequences of his own ideas. In spite of his sincerity and the attention paid by him to cultural attempts، Abduh believed that as long as Egyptians are unaware، they are not able to push the English out of their country and for the same reason reform in Egyptians'' religious thought should precede political struggle against colonialism. He did not heed to the fact that for colonized nations، it is impossible to get free from retardation without getting free from colonialism. And، in most cases، colonialism and Muslims'' decline intensify each other. Now، in the third decade of the Islamic Revolution، the role played by Sayyid Jamal and Abduh has lost its importance، since with its ascending development، the Islamic Awakening has entered the stage of system-making and civilization-building. In spite of being of some influence in the Sunni world at the beginning، thoughts and functions of these two reformers lack the necessary properties such as deep knowledge of colonialism and belief in the role which may be played by people to go along with this ascending development. Thus، under the present circumstances، the important question to which attention should be paid is as follows: «which thought and function are efficient to establish and continue such a process?» The present study seeks to study and criticize the thoughts and functions of Sayyid Jamal and Abduh in a fair way، and find the extent of efficiency of these two thoughts in the ascending development of the Islamic Awakening.

Agar extraction for Gracilaria corticata by investigating the effects of various extraction variables such as soaking time, soaking temperature, seaweed to water ratio, extraction temperatures and extraction time and also Alkali treatment method. The results showed that agar yield was significantly affected by all the tested variables. The agar yield was maximized when extraction process was carried out with 1 h soaking time at 40° C with seaweed to water ratio of 1:100 and extracted for 1.5 h at 90° C. the result of alkali treatment showed that alkali treatments at 5% is the best concentration and 80 °C is the best alkali temperature for agar extracting. Also some of chemical and physical properties of agar such as gel strength and sulfate content were determinate. The result showed negative correlation between gel strength and sulfate content of Agar.

The compatible architecture with Kandovan village climate has been investigated in this article. It seems that the architecture of this village is far more significant than ordinary architecture. Human environmental factors are chosen from natural factors and a proper blending has been done between residential structure and human characteristics. In fact these two factors have influenced each other. In order to achieve this, we have introduced the location of Kandovan which is situated 62 kilometers from Tabriz. In order to be more acquainted with this village and achieve the best results such as reasons as to emergence of the village and its development, climatologically conditions of this village such as altitude, latitude and climate factors are further investigated. Rock architecture is indicative of the struggle between man and nature in order to transform rocks into what serves the purpose of man. Concerning space and body this sort of architecture can be distinguished by two types. The first type refers to gigantic and separate rocks inside which different spaces have been carved forming a residence or public place. The second type refers to rocks and hills with spaces for which there is no outward appearance. The important sample of it can be found in Iran. All kinds of rock architecture have been studied in this research. By carrying out this study we found that the rock architecture of Gorme kapadokiyai, a district located in Turkey and the architecture of Kandovan are categorized under the first type of rock architecture and architecture of Maymand (village) situated in Kerman can be classified under the second type. Thus rock architecture of Kandovan which is the focus of our research for being similar to architecture of Gorme kapadokiyai in turkey is compared and contrasted in this study. In order to compare and contrast architecture of the above mentioned places, the characteristics of rock architecture of Kandovan including the causes of the emergence of shores and their categories have been taken into consideration. The manner in which architectural elements are situated ashore and their binding with nature and the villagers making use of natural facilities and sources for the purpose of living under proper conditions has also been studied. The results show different kinds of shores with different appearances and number of steps in the district of Kandovan.

The role of inflammatory markers in diagnosis of acute appendicitis has not been clearly defined. To determine the diagnostic value of WBC count and C-reactive protein in diagnosis or rejection of acute appendicitis in children. In a prospective study, 100 child with probable diagnosis of acute appendicitis (Alvarado score ≤5) referred to Tabriz Pediatric Hospital during 14 months from April 2007 to May 2008 were studied. Serum CRP, WBC count, and neutrophil percentage were compared in patients with and without definite diagnosis of acute appendicitis. Out of 100 patients, 54 were males and 46 females with a mean age of 9.6±2.7 years. The number of patients with definite diagnosis of acute appendicitis was 48. Children with final diagnosis of acute appendicitis had significantly higher value of inflammatory markers. Elevated CRP showed the greatest sensitivity (85%) and negative predictive value (83%). None of the children with normal markers had acute appendicitis. This study showed that despite elevation of these inflammatory markers in patients with acute appendicitis, it is unwise to completely rely on results of such tests in confirming or rejecting the disease. Normal values obtained for all three markers are unlikely to be associated with pathologically confirmed appendicitis in children.

Sustainable architecture has grown over decades and many guidelines has been presented for solving the crises, but likewise there are some obstacle in its way to be carried out. It is possible to complete the sustainable architecture through paying attention to values and features of vernacular architecture. Because by considering vernacular architecture works and library documents, it is understood that these buildings were compatible with sustainable approach. In forming vernacular architecture some social and economical relations with natural environment and cultural signs are considered. In this way the sustainable aspects incorporation is observable. Obviously the repetition of precedent vernacular architecture is not true. In this paper, finding frequent values of vernacular architecture is the aim. Sustainability means, making a frequent process and it is a concept which is used as an amount of value of an approach. In this vision, understanding the frequent values and principles of vernacular architecture is treasured.

The virucidal effect of pH and salinity on Penaeus monodon baculovirus (MBV) was investigated by water borne inoculated methods exposing PL12 Penaeus semisulcatus for 10 hours and observing for 10 days at temperature 28- 30°C. For this purpose, one thousand virus free PL12 of P. semisulcatus were divided into five groups and each group placed in a 10 L plastic basin containing chlorine-treated sea water at 35ppt. The salinity of basins water after 12 hours changed to 5, 10, 20, 30 and 40ppt using synthetic sea salt. To study the effect of pH, solution with various pH of 3, 5, 7, 8, 9 and 12 were prepared using IN NaOH and IN HCL to Na2HPO4 solution. For transmission of MBV, an aliquot of approximately 10 frozen infected larvae were used for each experiment by water born inoculated method. Ten hours after inoculation, the shrimp were removed from jar and introduced into another jar with the same salinity or pH. During 10 days experiment, the rate of infection (ROI), severity of infection (SOI) and accumulative mortality were varied among the MBV-infected. Penaeus mondon baculovirus was able to infect Penaeus semisulcatus at salinity ranging from 5-40ppt whereas at pH 3 and 12, MBV was completely inactivated MBV was not able to infect larvae at pH 5, 7, 8 and 9.