spatial visualization

The purpose of this research was to determine the effect of a sensory-motor integration exercising program based on the game sense approach on spatial visualization and fine motor skills of children with learning disorder. This research was semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group; 36 girls with learning disorder were selected as a sample and were randomly assigned to two exercising groups (two sensory-motor groups with game sense and goal-oriented approaches) and a control group. The components of spatial visualization and fine motor skills were measured by the Minnesota and Broninks-Osertsky tests, respectively. The exercise groups participated in the exercises in two sessions of 60 minutes per week, for a period of 8 weeks, and the control group did their normal activities. For statistical analysis, composite analysis of variance test was used. The findings showed that the exercising program of the present study improves spatial visualization in the game sense group compared to the goal-oriented and control groups, and in fine motor skills, it improves the variables of response speed and speed and agility of the upper limbs in the game sense group compared to the control group and The visual-motor control variable was improved in the game sense group compared to the goal-oriented and control groups (p<0.05). Therefore, the sensory-motor integration exercising program based on the game sense approach can improve the spatial visualization and fine motor skills of this group of children as an intervention.

Visual working memory, spatial visualization and mental rotation are among the factors that influence the academic achievement of elementary students. The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of puzzle games (manual and electronic) on visual working memory, spatial visualization and mental rotation in elementary students. The study was experimental with pretest-posttest with control group. The statistical population was all second grade students in Ahvaz city in the academic year 1397-98 was that 50 students were randomly selected as a sample and replaced in two experimental and control groups (25 people in each group). The research instruments are Cornoldy working memory test, Wechsler intelligence for children-fourth edition (subscale design with cubes) and mental rotation researcher made test for children. Data were analyzed by multivariate analysis of variance. Puzzle game (manual and electronic) had a significant effect on visual working memory in elementary students (P<0.02), there was no significant effect on spatial visualization (P<0.07) and there was a significant effect on mental rotation (P<0.03). Puzzle games can be used to enhance the visual working memory and mental rotation in elementary school students.

The present study aimed to compare recognition memory and spatial visualisation based on Peterson mental maze in students with high and low information processing speed. The present study was a causal-comparative approach. The statistical population of the study included male students of Urmia University in the academic year 2015- 16 based on the final distribution of Z-scores (Z ± 25/1) in the Stroop questionnaire. 140 students were selected as samples using random cluster sampling and answered to Wechsler's recognition memory and Peterson's mental maze tests. Obtained data were studied by Box, levene and kolmogorow- smirnov's tests and analysed by using multivariate analysis of variance. The findings of multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) showed that the recognition memory mean of the high processing speed group was high compared to the low data processing speed group and their Peterson's mental maze errors were low and conversely. the recognition memory mean of the low processing speed group was low and their Peterson's mental maze errors were high. recognition memory and spatial visualization of the sample group affected by processing speed and Students with high data processing speed enjoy a higher capability in this regard.