structural-interpretive modeling

Digital transformation is not only a choice, but also a necessity for survival and growth in the digital age. The purpose of the present study is to design a structural-interpretive model of the mechanisms for developing a digital transformation culture with a contextual approach in the Tehran Province Water and Wastewater Company. The present study is an applied research in terms of purpose and an exploratory mixed research in terms of method. In the qualitative part, theme analysis was used, and in the quantitative part, structural-interpretive modeling was used. The study population in the qualitative part included 14 experts who were purposefully selected until reaching data saturation point, and in the quantitative part, 234 experts were selected by simple random selection. Also, 12 experts were purposefully selected for structural-interpretive modeling. In-depth semi-structured interviews were used to collect data in the qualitative part, and a researcher-made questionnaire was used in the quantitative part. The research findings show that the digital transformation culture in Tehran Province Water and Wastewater Company can be developed with the help of 5 mechanisms of developing digital competencies of employees, human resource management processes, organizational climate change, soft organizational change and development, and the use of digital technology. The research findings showed that the two components of "soft organizational change and development" and "digital competencies of employees" play the greatest role in developing a digital transformation culture.

The purpose of this research is to provide a model of public trust in the tax system. The statistical population includes the fiscal affairs organizations of Golestan, Mazandaran, and Gilan provinces. The research method is applied-developmental in terms of purpose, and mixed-exploratory in terms of nature. In the qualitative part, in order to identify the influential factors, the method of content analysis, literature review, and exploratory interviews with 30 experts was used. The non-random method with the snowball technique was used to select experts until reaching theoretical saturation. In the quantitative part, the opinions of general managers and deputy governors of provincial centers and heads of departments were used in the number of 130 people, and the sample size was estimated to be 100 people by simple random sampling using Morgan's Kargesi table. Delphi method was used to screen and select the factors, and among the 17 identified factors, 15 elements were selected, and using exploratory factor analysis, the determined factors were conceptualized in the form of three main factors fairness, trust building, and riskiness. Also, the structural-interpretive modeling method has been used for stratification, which is placed in the first level of fairness, the second level of trust building, and the third level of riskiness. According to the graph of the power of influence and degree of dependence, all three factors were placed in the autonomous region, which has low power of influence and degree of dependence and will have little influence and permeability.

This research was conducted with the aim of structural-interpretive modeling of strategic leadership in the oil industry business, and the present research method is descriptive-survey. For this purpose, the statistical population of the current research was formed by oil industry experts of the operational area of Siri Island, and the sample size of the number of experts participating in ISM was considered to be 25 people. used. The results showed that there are seven levels of influence on strategic leadership in the oil industry business. According to the effectiveness levels, determining the mission and mission of the organization as an independent and key variable had the most influence and the least dependence in the model. Effective strategic leadership is one of the most important pillars of economic growth, and attention to it can lead to the formation of a suitable process of growth in all economic and social fields of the oil industry of Siri Island.

Today, the emergence and expansion of digital technologies has led governments to use technologies to improve public services and the quality of public administration; Because in the digital age, the needs and expectations of citizens have changed and public organizations must move towards digital transformation in line with the needs of citizens and in order to prevent digital Darwinism. Digital transformation in Iran helps the government to improve its functions and provide services that meet the changing expectations of citizens and businesses; which ultimately leads to increasing the resilience of the country's social and economic system. However, there are challenges that prevent public organizations from enjoying its benefits. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to identify the challenges of implementing digital transformation facing Iran's public organizations and the relationships between them through the structural-interpretive modeling approach. In this regard, in this study, after reviewing the literature and interviewing experts, 28 challenges were identified. These challenges were given to the experts and finally, after prioritizing and ranking them, 12 challenges were selected as the most important challenges of digital transformation in public organizations. According to the findings, the challenges were placed in 5 levels, where laws and regulations, old generations in managerial position and consecutive managerial changes were raised as basic challenges which managers should consider in order to implement digital transformation in the first place.

In recent decades, the concept of employer branding has become an undeniable reality as a key factor in the growth and development of various industries, especially in the sugarcane industry. Therefore, the aim of the present study is to provide a framework for explaining employer branding in Khuzestan's sugarcane industries. 

This research employs two qualitative methods thematic analysis and structural-interpretive modeling. In the thematic analysis section, all available literature on employer branding was carefully analyzed and examined. For implementing the structural-interpretive modeling methodology, the opinions of 15 experts were collected using a snowball sampling method and were used as the basis for the study. 

The results revealed a core theme of employer branding, with six organized themes: economic factors, functional factors, social factors, developmental factors, psychological factors, and political factors, as well as 18 basic themes. In the second step, using structural-interpretive modeling and establishing pairwise relationships, the relationships between the core themes were discovered and prioritized at four levels. 

A strong employer brand can help companies attract and retain top talent.

The aim of this research is to present a stratified model of the eventsof improving the quality of customer relationship in online businesses, which for the first time hasstudied the events affecting the quality of customer relationship in online business in an integratedmanner.

This research is considered a descriptive-survey method in terms of its practicalpurpose. The method of collecting information was field and library. To analyze and stratify thefactors, the interpretive structural modeling approach was used, and the research communityconsists of professors, managers and experts of online businesses who are experts. Sampling wasbased on the judgment method that 13 experts were selected.

The factors "participatory interaction with the customer" and "customer-oriented policy"are the most important influencing factors, and "commitment" and "satisfaction" are the leasteffective and the most effective in improving the quality of the relationship with the customer.

By focusing more on the underlying factors, managers and experts of onlinebusinesses can increase the commitment and satisfaction of customers, which will improve thequality of customer relations.

Since universities try to develop compatibility between faculty members and the university, socialization of the organization plays an essential role in this. The present study was conducted with the aim of identifying deterrent to socialization of faculty members of Islamic Azad University. The current research is a mixed exploratory research (qualitative-quantitative) which in the first part of the theme analysis and three-stage coding method (open, central and selective) In the second part, the interpretive structural modeling technique has been used to design the model and identify the components of the socialization Promoter of faculty members. The statistical population of this research was 12 people in the qualitative part and 10 people in the quantitative part, experts and experienced university professors. In order to collect information, the method of library and field studies, semi-structured interview and researcher-made questionnaire were used. Content validity was confirmed by supervisors. Based on the designed model, weak relationships and imbalance between professional and private life in the first level, Low compatibility between training and job needs and limited opportunities in the second level, and scattered feedback and ambiguous role were placed in the third level. Also, based on the power of influence-power of dependence diagram, the component of limited opportunities in the dependent area, the components of low compatibility between education and job needs, imbalance between professional and private life, and scattered feedback were placed in the connected area. And the component of expectations and vague roles were placed in the independent area.

This research was conducted with the aim of identifying and leveling the factors affecting the educational process based on the entrepreneurial approach in Iran's automotive industry. This was an applied study in terms of purpose and mixed-exploratory in terms of data collection. The study consisted of a qualitative phase to identify and level the influential factors of the educational process based on the entrepreneurial approach, and also a quantitative phase to determine the effects of the variables and their leveling. Sampling was purposive in both quantitative and qualitative phases using the snowball method. In the qualitative part, first, a semi-structured interview was conducted with 20 academic and organizational experts, including industrial experts such as education custodians (supervisors and heads of education), with the aim of identifying the influential factors. In the quantitative analysis section, the DEMATEL method was applied to determine the influence of the variables, and in the next step, structural-interpretive modeling was used to determine the levels of the factors. The DEMATEL questionnaire was distributed among ten experts, and the effect of the factors was extracted using DEMATEL modeling. The research results yielded 15 key factors in the educational process based on the entrepreneurial approach, which were classified into nine levels.

Despite the proven benefits of electronic cities, its realization faces a plethora of challenges. For this reason, many Iranian cities, including Abdanan, have failed to comply with the standards of the electronic city. In this regard, this research seeks to identify and analyze the obstacles and challenges to the realization of the electronic city of Abdanan. This is an applied study that adopts a qualitative-quantitative method. In the qualitative section, theoretical saturation was reached through interviews with a sample of 5 experts who were selected using purposive sampling method. In the thematic analysis, four indices (individual, normative-social, technological and organizational) were identified. Using the purposive sampling, 50 experts were selected. The sub-criteria were then prioritized based on the structural-interpretive modeling of ISM. The results of interpretative structural modeling showed that among the obstacles to the realization of the electronic city in Abdanan, normative-social and technological obstacles posed the highest and lowest challenge, respectively, thus exerting the most and the least impact on the realization of the electronic city in Abdanan. Moreover, the results suggested that all sub-criteria of obstacles are among linked variables with a high power of influence and dependence. To help the realization of the electronic city in Abdanan, it is suggested to hold practical trainings by drawing on media capacities, organize various seminars and conferences in the city, develop automations of government bodies, improve bandwidth and reduce the costs of the Internet for people.

Today, smart tourism is growing and developing as a new type of tourism industry. Due to the growth of new technologies, countries can not act on tourism development without considering their impact and at the same time guarantee its sustainability. However, there are problems and challenges in this regard. Aras Free Zone as an example of this study is no exception and the main purpose of this study is to identify the challenges of smart tourism development in this area. In this regard, the research method of the present article is exploratory in nature and practical in purpose. The required information has been collected through library and field studies (questionnaire). The statistical population of the study was the experts in the field of tourism in Aras Free Zone. Using snowball method, 10 people were interviewed as a statistical sample of the research. Also, for the validity of extractive indicators, content analysis (CVR) method and for identifying the most important challenges of smart tourism, structural-interpretive modeling (ISM) and Mick Mac analysis have been used. In this regard, the research findings have shown that out of 20 challenges extracted from theoretical foundations, 14 challenges have acceptable validity. The challenges of manpower, organizational-management, information and communication technology, financial resources and infrastructure are considered as key challenges in the development of smart tourism in the Aras Free Zone, which have a great impact on the development of smart tourism.

This research was carried out with the aim of identifying and prioritizing the factors affecting the sensitivity of investors to the use of accounting information for the use of shareholders and other users. From the point of view of the research method, it is analytical-descriptive. In this research, the snowball sampling method was used and In this regard and in the first step, the dimensions and indicators of the sensitivity model of investors to the use of accounting information were extracted from the theoretical literature and confirmed through interviews with financial experts. The output of this stage was nine indicators in the form of three main dimensions. In the next step, the structural-interpretive modeling (ISM) method and Mik-Mac analysis were used to establish the relationship and sequence between the dimensions and indicators and to present their structural model. , the prioritization of factors affecting the sensitivity of investors to the use of accounting information was done. The research results have led to the design of an integrated model of the sensitivity of investors to the use of accounting information at four levels; finally, the results showed that among the nine indicators of capital sensitivity Investors used accounting information, indicators of internal control system weaknesses, sales, past performance; major and non-major investors and professional and non-professional investors were recognized as the most influential and consequently the most fundamental indicators.

The research aims to identify and analyze the challenges of knowledge-based urban development in Ahvaz city, using a descriptive-analytical approach. The opinions of 20 experts were utilized to identify the factors and barriers hindering the realization of knowledge-based urban development in Ahvaz city. The ISM interpretive-structural modeling and Mic-Mac software were employed to examine the data on eighteen factors categorized into four dimensions (institutional-planning, economic, social-cultural, and physical) that serve as significant barriers to the implementation of knowledge-based urban development in Ahvaz. The findings revealed that the dominant and traditional political economy, along with rigid and unilateral approaches in policy-making, are the primary influential factors obstructing knowledge-based urban development. Additionally, citizens' reluctance to share knowledge and engage in communication, undervaluing knowledge acquisition and distribution, absence of a collaborative culture for knowledge management, citizen disconnection from current knowledge, underutilization of human capital, inadequate communication between universities and city management organizations for knowledge exchange, limited access to broadband and ICT services, digital divide, and unequal access to information and communication technology infrastructure, are among the key independent variables significantly impacting the city of Ahvaz

The current research was conducted with the aim of designing the operational budgeting system deployment model at Payam Noor University with the structural-interpretive modeling approach. This research is practical in terms of purpose and qualitative and descriptive in terms of research method. The statistical population of this research includes experts and experts in financial affairs and budgeting of Payam Noor University, among them there are 18 people using judgmental and bullet sampling methods, some considering expert criteria as the sample size. were selected for study. This research has been done in two consecutive stages. First, the required qualitative data was collected using semi-structured interviews with experts. So, using the qualitative content analysis method, the collected data were analyzed, coded and categorized, and in this way, the dimensions of the components and indicators of the establishment model of the operational budgeting system were identified. In the second stage, using the results obtained from the qualitative part of the research, a questionnaire was designed and prepared to evaluate the constituent elements of the conceptual model calculated based on structural-interpretive modeling. Then this questionnaire was completed by the experts of Payam Noor University and the data obtained from this stage were analyzed using "Mik Mak" software, the output of which led to the identification of independent and dependent variables and the leveling of variables based on influence and effect. They were accepted. The results of the qualitative content analysis showed that the operational budgeting system deployment model was calculated in the form of 3 general categories, 14 subcategories and 51 concepts. In fact, the results of the qualitative part of the research in the form of a three-pronged model in three general categories: contextual factors including 5 components (upstream documents, good governance, economic factors, financial culture,facilitating systems, provision of infrastructure), structural factors including 6 components (strategic approach, organizational structure, performance management system, integrated information system, accounting and auditing system, efficiency and effectiveness) and negative factors including 3 components (management, leadership and motivation, capable employees) were identified and categorized as the dimensions and components of operational budgeting system establishment in Payam Noor University.

One of the negative phenomena of organizational behavior is the marginalization of employees in the context of organizational life. This phenomenon, as an example of the unfavorable side of the organizations, has many negative consequences on the dependent variables of organizational behavior and ultimately the productivity and performance of the organization. Managing and controlling this phenomenon in the organization depends on understanding the process of employee’s marginalization. The purpose of this research is to help to understand this phenomenon better and more by identifying the process model of employee’s marginalization in the organization. In this research, conducted with structural-interpretive modeling and in one of the public organization at oil industry, a process model of this phenomenon was designed using the narratives and stories of people who have experienced the mentioned phenomenon in this organization. The participants of this research were 15 employees who were selected by the purposeful sampling method and their narratives and lived experiences about marginalization were identified and presented in the form of a marginalization model. Based on the results of the antecedents of marginalization and using structural-interpretive modeling, a process model of employee marginalization and its different levels was presented. The model indicates that neglecting the nature of the job, the presence of authoritarian managers, politicization of the organization, anti-elitism, and so on ultimately lead to the marginalization of the employees of the organization.

Over time and due to the uncertainty and changes in the international operating environment, many managers of international companies make mistakes in decision-making and strategy formulation, and implementation and get into strategic deadlocks or impasses. In such a situation, the decisions or strategies developed by managers are considered ineffective, which is called strategic regret. Therefore, the current research was conducted to understand the phenomenon of strategic regret at the strategic levels of international companies. This research is based on mixed qualitative and quantitative research in the inductive comparative paradigm, which is practical in terms of purpose and practical in terms of the type of survey, and descriptive method. The statistical population of the study is the experts. Using the snowball method and based on the principle of theoretical adequacy, 30 of them were taken as the study sample. The data collection instrument in the qualitative part of the survey is a semi-structured interview, the validity and reliability of which was confirmed by the content and intra-coder reliability method. The data collection instrument in the quantitative part is the questionnaire, which was completed by 30 experts and its validity and reliability were measured by the method of content validity and retest reliability.The research findings include the identification of the components that form and cause strategic regret in international business strategies and their consequences in the form of a model of strategic regret formation.

Today, the sports industry is one of the most attractive and popular industries, which in recent years has led to the rapid growth of small and medium enterprises. Despite the importance of these companies in creating value and wealth creation, we are witnessing the failure of these businesses, especially in the early years of their formation. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to identify the factors affecting the success of sports small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and to present a structural-interpretive model (ISM) of these factors. Interpretive structural modeling is a way to design a pattern of complex and multiple relationships between variables of a phenomenon. Therefore, first, by reviewing the research literature, 12 factors have been extracted: Finance, technology, legal structure, Porter's competitive force (competitors, partners, customers), supportive structure, product quality, human resources, marketing and customer orientation, business and strategic plan, training structure, management characteristics and market share. Then, using the opinion of experts and using the method of structural-interpretive modeling, the relationships between these factors are identified and its interactive model is developed. The structural-interpretive model of these factors indicates that the three factors of finance, legal structure and supportive structure are the key variables affecting the success of sports businesses and the cornerstone of the interactive model that has the most impact and least effectiveness. Finally, in order to accelerate the growth of success of sports medium-sized enterprises have been presented some suggestions.

Mental health disorders pose a significant threat to human well-being, particularly affecting urban populations. Despite the paramount importance of addressing urban mental health, effective strategies for improvement remain elusive. This concern has garnered heightened significance in Tehran, a city with a pressing need for viable solutions. This research aims to identify key strategies to enhance the mental health of the city. Employing a descriptive-analytical research method, the study utilizes content analysis and structural analysis to pinpoint crucial solutions. The findings reveal that three primary strategies — the formulation and execution of a comprehensive mental health plan, the integration of aesthetically pleasing urban design to promote mental well-being, and the adoption of innovative approaches such as mobile health programs and online services — are deemed pivotal variables. Consequently, the implementation of these solutions holds the potential to significantly enhance urban mental health in Tehran.

The main purpose of this study was to model the drivers that affect the functioning of laws for good water governance in Iran.

Materials:

 To achieve this goal, structural-interpretive modeling method was used. In terms of applied purpose, in terms of collecting descriptive-survey information and in terms of research paradigm, the present research is a combination of research (quantitative-qualitative) with an exploratory approach. The data collection tool was a researcher-construction questionnaire with a matrix nature. The statistical population of the study was 14 experts.

Based on Mikmak analysis in the dependent area, the factor of compatibility of laws with the economic situation of users and in the communication area. Factors: quality of related laws, monitoring of good implementation of laws, compatibility of laws with social status of users, compliance with laws and administrative regulations With the needs of water governance, anticipation of the enforcement of timely laws, public confidence in the results of law enforcement.

Mikmak's analysis showed that the components in the dependent and communication areas have a greater role in determining the effective drivers in the functioning of laws and any action in the functioning of laws related to the water sector at the national level should be considered. And the position of the components that make up the dependent and communication factors. It is suggested that the guidelines for monitoring the proper implementation of laws be reviewed and that in the process of drafting and approving laws, the necessary attention be paid to the issue of compatibility of laws with the social status of users

Trying to improve and effectively and efficiently use various resources such as labor, capital and information is the goal of all managers. The purpose of this article is to investigate the impact of individual, environmental, organizational and cultural factors on improving the productivity of human resources in state banks. The current research is based on the purpose of an applied research and based on the quantitative approach and the nature of the descriptive research of the survey type. The data collection method is library and field type. The sampling method of this research is classified randomly. The tool for collecting information in this research is a questionnaire made by the researcher, which is taken from the theoretical research literature. The validity of the researcher-made questionnaire was also examined through face validity, content and construct validity, and its reliability, with composite reliability and Cronbach's alpha coefficient, which was confirmed by the alpha coefficient above 0.7. The statistical population of the current research includes 300 managers and vice presidents of state banks in Mazandaran province, of which 169 people were selected as a sample according to the Karjesi Morgan table. To analyze the data, the structural equation model test was used with the help of PLS software. The obtained results show that individual, cultural, organizational and environmental factors influence the improvement of human resources productivity with path coefficients of 0.233, 0.260, 0.391 and 0.960, respectively.

As a significant component of the global economy, the tourism industry has seen substantial growth in recent years. Iran, a country with great tourism potential, stands to benefit from this industry in terms of economic development. However, there has been a lack of focus on performance metrics in the hotel sector, which plays a crucial role in the tourism industry. This study aims to identify financial indicators that can improve hotel performance and help managers make informed decisions. Through a structural-interpretive model, this research explores the impact of various economic indicators on the hotel industry in Yazd province, Iran. Data was collected from hotel managers and experts in the field, and indicators were analyzed using the ISM technique. The results highlight the importance of economic indicators, liquidity indicators, debt indexes, risk index, efficiency index, and profitability index in determining hotel performance. It is recommended that hotel managers prioritize economic indicators to ensure overall success and consider further research to enhance financial decision-making in the industry