فصلنامه پژوهش های جغرافیایی برنامه ریزی شهری
سال یازدهم شماره 4 (زمستان 1402)

Paying attention to the changes resulting from the globalization of the urbanization phenomenon is undeniable in order to face the challenges in the field of urban health. Urban life and the resulting tensions, chronic and contagious diseases, natural and artificial injuries, affect the physical, emotional and mental performance of citizens; Isolation and the stress caused by it put the ability of the residents under the radius. urban health will work to improve the mentioned cases. The present study was developed with the aim of providing a conceptual framework for measuring urban health using qualitative methods. This research examines the macro theories supporting urban health, examines conceptual models for understanding and evaluating urban health at various scales, identifying and extracting indicators affecting urban health in a general sense in the world by benefiting from documentary and library sources and combining theoretical and experimental bases according to the previous stages. And finally, the presentation and design of the conceptual model of urban health assessment has been discussed. The findings from the studies of the last four years show that urban health has been generalized in cities more than any other scale, and the researchers emphasize the subjective studies obtained from it. Also, the examination of all types of health in health studies indicates a multi-way relationship between all the components affecting health. Factors and dimensions affecting urban health in different periods of time and according to the structure, problems and leading challenges of cities are different and are constantly changing.

Expanding the presence of cars in cities and the problems associated with their presence have reduced the satisfaction and quality of life of urban residents. Unfortunately, most of the passageways that form the element of urban texture are designed for car use, and paying attention to pedestrian traffic is their second priority. Lack of attention to pedestrians reduces social interactions and ultimately vitality in cities. The distance between Tajrish Square and Quds Square, which is the case study in this study, has affected the valuable elements of its surroundings due to the high traffic, while the varied construction due to the high price of land in the area and the construction of passages and Residential complexes have increasingly influenced the face of the axle. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the role of urban spatial elements on the pedestrian capability of the distance between Tajrish-Ghods Square to identify the most important factors affecting the Orbital capability of a single axis. The type of research is applied and its method is descriptive-analytical. According to different evaluations in this study, it was concluded that the comfort and Convenience index variables are the most important factors affecting the pedestrian capability of a single axis as well as a successful spatial pedestrian urban space that can be selected with high diversity, Provide comfort, convenience, and security to the residents, the body and the right form, a good mental image and a good sense of belonging and access

Usually, geographical complications have a kind of adhesion to each other, and one complication attracts other complications. In other words, these collections are placed together so that as a result of gathering and settling in the vicinity, they complement each other and meet the needs of customers. The composition of such collections is influenced by economic, social, cultural, political, planning, physical factors, etc. To carry out this research, the location of branches and urban financial and credit institutions of Tehran was used, 3773 branches were used as a location for collecting data and making a collection of items. 56 classes of urban complications were considered for data analysis and extraction, and all complications that were within 200 meters of branches were extracted and then analyzed using a priori method. In this research, a set of rules were extracted that put different types of activities together. These rules show a better understanding of compatible activities, complementary activities, and previous and previous links of different types of activities

The research aims to identify and analyze the challenges of knowledge-based urban development in Ahvaz city, using a descriptive-analytical approach. The opinions of 20 experts were utilized to identify the factors and barriers hindering the realization of knowledge-based urban development in Ahvaz city. The ISM interpretive-structural modeling and Mic-Mac software were employed to examine the data on eighteen factors categorized into four dimensions (institutional-planning, economic, social-cultural, and physical) that serve as significant barriers to the implementation of knowledge-based urban development in Ahvaz. The findings revealed that the dominant and traditional political economy, along with rigid and unilateral approaches in policy-making, are the primary influential factors obstructing knowledge-based urban development. Additionally, citizens' reluctance to share knowledge and engage in communication, undervaluing knowledge acquisition and distribution, absence of a collaborative culture for knowledge management, citizen disconnection from current knowledge, underutilization of human capital, inadequate communication between universities and city management organizations for knowledge exchange, limited access to broadband and ICT services, digital divide, and unequal access to information and communication technology infrastructure, are among the key independent variables significantly impacting the city of Ahvaz

Clustering is a vital technique for revealing structures and discerning groupings within extensive datasets, particularly in spatial data analysis, where the primary objective is to segregate data into clusters with shared characteristics. Artificial neural networks are established tools for clustering large and multidimensional datasets. This research focuses on clustering census block data, encompassing 21 socio-economic variables and access to services relevant to sustainable urban development. The study employs the Neural Gas (NG) network without spatial parameters. Then, it introduces the geographic coordinates of census blocks as spatial parameters, comparing the outcomes of the two approaches (NG & CNG). The NG algorithm, a prevalent choice for clustering high-dimensional data, and its spatially enhanced version, the Contextual Neural Gas (CNG) algorithm, were employed in clustering Isfahan city's census blocks. Results indicated a notable distinction in the clusters derived from the implementation of the NG and CNG algorithms. Clustering with the NG algorithm yielded heterogeneous clusters, whereas the CNG algorithm produced homogeneous clusters benefiting from spatial parameters. Evaluation of clustering quality, performed by calculating the average Silhouette coefficient for census blocks, showed the superior performance of the CNG algorithm, attaining a silhouette coefficient of 0.29 compared to the NG algorithm's -0.02. This research affirmed the positive impact of spatial parameters on creating homogeneous clusters within the urban environment. Leveraging the CNG algorithm and extracting homogenous areas based on sustainable development variables contributed to streamlined urban planning and management. The clustering of census blocks using variables related to sustainable urban development and a location-based approach using the CNG algorithm is one of the innovations of this research

The research aims to know the daily life experience of people in the public spaces of the center and to explain their behavioral patterns in the said spaces. This research is qualitative and inductive-interpretative, to explore the rhythm of revitalized spaces with the example of Zanjan Square Green. The method of data collection is observation, continuous monitoring, and friendly interviews. The time scale of the research is the months of Shahrivar and Mehr, the first, middle, and weekend days (Saturday, Tuesday, and Thursday) and 8 to 10, 11 to 13, and 17 to 19, and the spatial scale includes three sequences and 6 local stations. The collected data were analyzed using the interpretive qualitative method, and the results were analyzed in the form of an interpretive report, qualitative tables, and a radar dispersion model. Research variables include density, stratification, morphology, proximity, extent, prominence, continuity, sequence, speed, repetition, movement, and synchronization. The findings show that despite the continuous connection of the Sabzehmeydan complex, the rhythm of the space is different and changes according to the social stratification of people. The temporal concentration of voluntary-social behaviors is in the evening, and mandatory-necessary behaviors are in the morning. In traditional and identity spaces, the spatial and temporal rhythm is mostly masculine, repeatable, continuous, and regular, and the radar of social-voluntary behaviors with a tendency towards its surroundings has a relatively stable daily and weekly behavioral pattern

Today, with the development of urbanization, the green-blue space in urban areas has received wide attention and has become an important symbol of the health of the urban ecosystem. In this context, it is very important to pay attention to ecosystem services in the planning of the sponge city provided by green-blue infrastructure. In this regard, the current research was conducted with the aim of evaluating the role of the sponge city as a green-blue city in improving the ecosystem services of Shiraz city. The results of the content analysis showed that out of the 35 identified components related to the four most important categories of the green-blue infrastructure ecosystem services of the sponge city by the expert team, after ranking it was determined that the component of sustainable water supply (A1) from the subcategory of production services, the component of effective control of runoff Urbanization and reduction of road flooding (D15) and risk management and flood risk (D3) from the sub-group of regulatory services were ranked first to third with acquired scores of 26.25, 25.55 and 24.78, respectively. Also, in the field of green-blue infrastructure support services of Sponge City, the components of preserving, revitalizing and strengthening vegetation (B4) and restoring natural ecosystems (B3) were ranked tenth and eleventh respectively with scores of 19.77 and 19.63. After social-cultural services, the component of communication and better access to nature (C4) was ranked thirteenth with a score of 19.22

The increase in life expectancy, along with the decrease in the birth rate in Iran, has caused a similar condition in recent years, and it is expected that many big and small cities, such as Varamin, will experience this condition in the future years. The current research was conducted to analyze the physical and social components of attaining an age-friendly city in the urban space of Varamin. The present research method is descriptive-analytical and, according to the purpose, is among applied studies. The data and information of this research were collected through the study of library and survey sources, and qualitative and quantitative methods were used for their analysis. The results of the research indicate that the highest rank in the components is related to "social participation," and the lowest average is related to the component "respect for the elderly and social respect," and respectively, the highest percentage of dissatisfaction of the elderly is related to the lack of conventional medical services, family counselors, and access to a safe transportation network for the elderly. Also, the findings of the research showed that the average of all the examined criteria is not at the standard level, and they are far from reaching the desired level. Also, in order to identify the factors effective for the age-friendly city of Varamin, the factor analysis method was used, which explains 64.05% of the total variance of 26 items out of 10 factors obtained with an eigenvalue higher than 1. Among them, 2 factors "Transportation and social activities" and "Physical infrastructure" have been the most important in this field with the explanation of 12 items.

This research evaluated the effects of green infrastructure cooling ecosystem service on mitigating urban heat islands in Tabriz metropolitan areas. In this way, the mitigation capacity of the heat islands of Tabriz in all three periods of 1984, 2002, and 2022 was evaluated in 5 classes, from the best case to the worst case, using the urban cooling model of the InVEST software. The results showed that Tabriz condition in 1984, i.e., 15.47% in the class of 0.69 to 0.83%; in 2002, 15.63% in the class of 0.66 to 0.90%; and in 2022, 13.93% in the class of 0.69 to 0.83%, was able to mitigate heat islands. In other words, the Tabriz metropolitan did not perform well in mitigating heat islands in all three periods and is in the worst condition. In all three time periods, the mitigation pattern of heat islands in Tabriz has been consistent with the pattern of agricultural land use and green space of all three types of cluster, block, and fragmented patterns. The pattern of mitigation of heat islands in Tabriz in 2022, unlike in 1984 and 2002, was more fragmented and less than cluster and block type, indicating that Tabriz's green infrastructure has gradually become fragmented and smaller. In 1984, 2002, and 2022, Tabriz Metropolitan had 226,640, 562,269, and 1,263,294 megawatt hours of energy savings due to the mitigation of heat islands due to urban green infrastructure.