implicit learning

While second language acquisition can be a complex and time-consuming process, developing efficient approaches that are less demanding on the part of the learner can greatly enhance the learning outcomes. The present study was an attempt to explore the potential application of priming as an approach to enhance the production of motion phrasal verbs. Ninety students were divided into intermediate and upper-intermediate groups based on their proficiency levels. The participants were required to narrate a silent movie as a baseline written production task. In the next stage, for the purpose of priming, they were required to read a storybook containing instances of motion events expressed in phrasal verbs. Immediately afterward, the participants were asked to narrate a second silent movie. The researchers also administered a working memory test to investigate its potential impact on the learning outcomes. The results indicated that only the upper-intermediate group benefited from the priming mechanism. Additionally, the results suggested that working memory did not show a significant predictive role in implicit learning within the specific context of motion phrasal verbs. These findings are in line with the processability hypothesis, which posits that developmental readiness plays a significant role in language learning.

Priming has become increasingly prevalent in applied linguistics and has recently been used in language teaching, being considered as the speakers’ tendency to reuse the same structure that they encounter in previous discourse on subsequent production. The present research investigated whether priming lead to EFL learners’ possible short- and long-term improvement in producing relative clause (RC) structure. Participants comprised 40 female language learners with an average age of 18-25 years old. They were equally assigned to an experimental group and a control group. The needed data was gathered through a grammatical judgment test and a picture description task. The obtained results revealed that learners’ production descriptively improved shortly after priming intervention and similarly in the long run. However, no significant improvement was inferentially observed in short- and long-term production of relative clause structure. The results were discussed in terms of structural complexity, learners’ current state of knowledge, and their proficiency levels. The findings provide insights on priming as a means of enhancing opportunities for EFL and ESL learners’ grammar production.