content analysis

The present study aims to analyze the content of the fourth-grade Persian textbook based on spiritual and successful intelligence to develop an educational package and evaluate its effectiveness on students' academic performance.

This mixed-method research utilized qualitative content analysis (thematic analysis using deductive approach) and quasi-experimental methods (pre-test – post-test), fuzzy Delphi, and Shannon entropy in the quantitative section. The qualitative part involved semi-structured interviews with 10 experts in psychology and curriculum planning. In the quantitative part, 120 fourth-grade students were randomly assigned to control and experimental groups. The developed educational package was implemented and its impact assessed using covariance analysis.

The content analysis revealed that the textbook incorporates elements of spiritual and successful intelligence, with the highest weights for elements such as respect and kindness, transcendental understanding, giving meaning to life, and self-motivation. The implementation of the educational package showed a significant positive effect on students' academic performance.

Integrating spiritual and successful intelligence into the curriculum can significantly improve academic performance. The study suggests that educational strategies incorporating these elements can be beneficial for students.

 By choosing the topic ‘Histrionic Activism of Iranian Social Network Users, the researchers sought to psychologically analyze the activism of these users. Accordingly, they chose the Tehran Rich Kids Instagram page as their case study, which is among the interdisciplinary studies in the fields of psychology and communication. The Tehran Rich Kids page often displays images of carefree life, and many followers of this page show different reactions to these posts. In this study, an attempt was made to explain histrionic behavior and its shaping factors within the conceptual framework of the research. The research method is also the content analysis of Wolcott and with purposeful non-probability sampling that has analyzed the comments in the published posts. Finally, by analyzing the comments published under 70 posts of this page, six categories were extracted, described and analyzed, which indicated the histrionic activism of the users. The results of the research indicate that some audiences or users have engaged in histrionic activism in cyberspace based on defense mechanisms such as suggestibility, omnipotence, activism, displacement, evasion and deviation, and suppression. By categorizing the comments of the users of the Rich Kids page, six categories of histrionic activism were identified; including humiliation of others, humiliation of oneself, accusations of corruption, examination of external features, sexual insults, and gendered views.

The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the appropriateness level and amplification of research coefficient of the ninth grade social studies textbook. Statistical community under study is 9th grade social studies textbook and statistical sample is Geography section of textbook. In the terms of purpose, the present study can be considered as a practical study and In terms of the method used is descriptive and content analysis. At first, the appropriateness of the content of the statistical sample with the relevant educational level was investigated using the Ganning method, Then, the content of the statistical sample in the three areas of text, images and questions was analyzed using William Rumi's method from an active, inactive or neutral point of view, and the importance coefficient of each of the ten studied categories was determined using Shannon's entropy method. The results of using the Gunning method showed that the geography section of the 9th social studies book is unsuitable for the 9th grade due to the average difficulty level of 14.7. The results of using William Rumi's method also showed the content of the statistical sample of studies has been designed passively in the two fields of text and image and active in the field of questions. According to the results obtained from the using of Shannon's entropy method, in all three area of text, image and questions, the importance of passive categories is more than active categories.

The current research is a quantitative content analysis of the applied geography book according to the educational design of the twelfth grade; In the quantitative analysis method، the text of the questions and the pictures of the book are analyzed from the perspective of being active and inactive based on the method of William Rumi. The study population of the research was the applied geography book of humanities. The entire book was examined and analyzed as an example. The tool for gathering information in a quantitative method is the analysis based on the William Rumi method، which was prepared based on the theoretical foundations and its validity was confirmed by the teachers of the geography course. The unit of study is the lessons included in the book and the unit of analysis is the text، questions and pictures of the book، which were determined based on the active and passive categories by William Rumi's formula and their engagement coefficient. The results show that the text of the applied geography book with an engagement factor of 0.5 is an active and dynamic text، and in addition to stating the facts and providing information، it engages the students' minds with new content and has an active educational approach. Book questions with an engagement factor of 1.5 show that the questions are active and dynamic and provide the context for active learning، but they are on the edge of the border. Also، the pictures of the applied geography book with the engagement factor of 0.6 show that the pictures are active and provide the background for the learners' activity. Therefore، the text، activities and pictures of the 12th grade applied geography book have been compiled in an active way. But the questions should be revised.

During the recent years, the means of mass communication have led to many changes in the societies, and cinema, as a media tool with a narrative element, has made a significant contribution to creating these changes, among them, we can mention the category of hero-making and heroism by cinematographers in various local communities. , national, regional and international. In the present research, it has been tried to introduce the path of hero-making in cinema by benefiting from Vogler's hero theory and the views of representation of Stewart Hall and other thinkers, and then by examining Hatamikia's cinematic works, the hero and hero-making are represented in the holy defense cinema. To achieve this goal, after determining the statistical society and the representative sample, using the content analysis method (coding instructions) and determining the categories and subcategories, the required information has been recorded and finally, the description and analysis of the collected information has been done. The results of the present research indicate that Hatamikia has included the main elements of hero-building in his works, although he has avoided some key stages such as "refusal of the invitation" and in some stages such as "meeting with the teacher" - which leads to the presence The master archetype becomes the hero on the move - and "Trials, Allies and Enemies" has had a poorer payoff. The removal and minimum payment in these stages has led to the reduction of power and influence in the personalities who had the talent of creating earthly and attainable heroes for the society.

The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the coherence of the decision-making system in the Cabinet of Ministers, centered on the Office of the Cabinet of Ministers. Based on this, the research question is, what will be the role of the government office (including its mission, structure, capabilities and duties) to promote the political coherence of the decision-making system of the Cabinet of Ministers? Considering the exploratory nature of the research question and the need to create a deep understanding of the subject under study, the qualitative research method has been used in this article. The data collection method was a semi-structured interview based on the interview protocol. Also, considering the prescriptive nature of the research from a Policy perspective, researchers have tried to present proposed policies in the form of a codified policy model at the end of the article. Finally, the "policy model of promoting the coherence of the decision-making system in the Cabinet of Ministers with the focus on the role of the government office" in this research, derived from the application of theoretical literature and research findings in the five components of mission, position, input, process and output, is presented in two passive and active approaches

The purpose of the present study is to explore the content of Persian and Social Studies textbooks in elementary school based on the components of identification in the theory of “Man as Agent”. Informed by this theory, four components of “self-awareness, value, unity and authority” are deduced. According to this theory, human actions shape his or her identity, and cognition, will, and desire are the main drivers of actions. Self-awareness includes indicators of “self-presentation and description of feelings, emotions, desires, needs and abilities, and self-evaluation.” The value component consists of “similarity and difference with others' and 'other self-evaluation'. The unity component comprises “prioritization” and “participation in collective activities.” Finally, the components of authority encompass “choice and decision-making” and “considering the effect and outcome of action." The research method is quantitative content analysis and data analysis was conducted using Shannon entropy technique. The statistical population consisted of the elementary school textbooks of which Persian (reading and writing) and social studies books were selected as the sample. The unit of analysis was textbook pages (text, image, activity or questions). Reliability was calculated from the correlation coefficient (R=0.90. The analysis revealed that in Persian and Social Studies textbooks, there existed 2103 instances of references to the components of identity. The results of data analysis showed that self-awareness and authority had received significantly more attention than the other two components with a significance coefficient of 0.255.  The least attention and significance were related to the value component.  The comparison of textbooks suggested that the highest and lowest frequency of identity components was found in the Sixth grade’s Social Studies and First-Grade’s Composition book.

Today, digital games have become a comprehensive, wealth-creating and culture-oriented industry and have been able to establish their position as an industry/art media and in fact the eighth art by using technical and artistic elements, psychology and sociology. As a cultural and creative industry, the digital games industry has also had a significant impact on the economy, culture and education. This study was conducted with the aim of identifying the challenges and local development strategies of this industry in Iran. In this research, by collecting library data, conducting in-depth and structured interviews, and using the thematic analysis method, the local development challenges of this industry, as well as solutions to overcome these obstacles, were identified and extracted, and in the next stages, these factors were reduced and categorized the basic, organizing, and all-encompassing topics and. Finally, the mentioned factors were evaluated and refined by analysis of the opinions of industry experts. The lack of knowledge of game makers in the field of issues related to production management and game project management were identified as the main challenges, and on the other hand, networking and attracting the participation of existing elements in digital games, empowering and developing the capabilities of game-maker experts, and also strengthening the supervisory and developmental responsibilities of governmental and regulatory institutions, were defined and classified as the most important policies for the development of digital games.

 The present study was designed and conducted to design a model of factors affecting gender discrimination in girls' high schools in Semnan province. In terms of applied purpose, the present study was descriptive-survey in terms of data collection method, which was qualitative based on the research approach. The statistical population of this research was experts and professors in the field of educational management who had the necessary experience and knowledge about the research topic; these individuals had published at least one study (research paper, lecture, research project, author and translation of a book) in the field of gender discrimination in education. Also some female principals and teachers who were interested in the research topic. In order to identify these individuals, purposive sampling method was used for experts and professors and snowball method was used for female principals and teachers. This sampling continued until the theoretical saturation was reached and finally 17 people (11 professors and 6 principals and teachers) were identified as the sample. Open, axial and selective coding were used to examine the data of the qualitative section. Max QDA Pro software was used to analyze and codify the interviews. The results of the present study showed that 6 general components of managerial factors, attitude of education managers, community attitude, individual attitude, family attitude and macro laws are effective factors on gender discrimination in girls' high schools in Semnan province. Paying attention to the identified factors can be a good way to eliminate gender discrimination in girls' schools.

The aim of this research was to analyze the content of elementary social studies books from the perspective of resilience components. The field of research included social studies books for the fourth to sixth grades in the academic year 1401-1402. The research method was a descriptive type of quantitative content analysis and the unit of analysis was the theme and paragraph. For this purpose, first of all, 5 sub-components including: empathy and support from others, hope, problem solving skills, realistic view and emotional control were extracted from the study of related texts in the field of resilience and consultation with 4 professors of sociology and psychology department. Then the quantity of these components was counted separately in the same order in the mentioned book. The findings showed that in the fourth social studies book, 3 paragraphs deal with the component of empathy and support from others and 3 paragraphs with the component of problem solving skills. In the fifth book of studies, 9 paragraphs deal with the component of empathy and support from others and 2 paragraphs with the component of emotional control. In the sixth book of social studies, 4 paragraphs deal with the component of .

The current study has focused on the design and explanation of the Jihadi management model in the Islamic society based on the divine-political testament of Imam Khomeini. This research was carried out qualitatively. Data and components were obtained by the content analysis method, using MAXQDA software for drawing the network of topics. By deeply studying the divine-political testament of Imam Khomeini, the themes that were representative of Jihadi management in the Islamic society were collected in the form of open, central, and selective coding. Ultimately, the codes were classified by thematic analysis in the form of 81 open codes, 53 basic themes, 10 organizing themes, and 2 sub-themes. They include ethics, religion, selflessness, insight, God-centeredness, effective communication, and revolutionaryness, and the manager’s general characteristics, including manager and thoughtfulness, orderliness, lawfulness, and meritocracy, were identified.

In this article, the process of covering international events in national newspapers of Iran, Jam-e Jam, Shargh and Hamshahri have been addressed via analyzing the foreign structures and contents. The research method is quantitative content analysis and the foreign contents of newspapers have been analyzed in a statistical week in the first four months of 1399.Findings show that the main structure of foreign contents in Iranian newspapers focuses on the topics of "science, technology and health" and most of the contents have the news value of "conflict and conflict". The form of presenting foreign contents is more in the form of "news"; However, Hamshahri and Iran have also paid more attention to "reporting, analysis and interpretation" formats in publishing foreign contents.The results of statistical analysis as a whole indicate that newspapers pay modest attention to "news source writing" as a professional and ethical principle. However, the Iran newspaper has paid due attention to quoting the source in writing foreign news than other newspapers. Also, the studied newspapers are very dependent on the international media in terms of preparing and publishing foreign news, and the share of domestic news agencies in this regard is very small and negligible. In terms of focusing on news coverage around the world, most newspapers focus on "Europe and North America (USA).

The aim of this study was to identify and prioritize the Complications of using weapons by using content analysis method and hierarchical approach of best - worst in Khuzestan province. The present study is mixed in terms of applied-exploratory purpose and in terms of the nature of the research type. This study is also descriptive-survey in terms of data collection. The statistical population of this study was a group of professors with expertise in the field of research at Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz. Samples were selected using purposive sampling method. In the qualitative part to collect data from the semi-structured interview method and in the quantitative part; A researcher-made questionnaire was used. Qualitative phase data of the research were analyzed using content analysis method and quantitative data were analyzed using best-worst method. SPSS and Lingo software were used for data analysis. The findings of the study included identifying and investigating seven main complications for the use of weapons. The findings also showed that in terms of relative importance, the social effects of the use of weapons have the highest relative importance (weighing 0.21) and environmental effects have the least relative importance (weighing 0.085).

According to research, individuals who use constructive conflict resolution methods in interpersonal relationships have higher psychological well-being. A fundamental belief is crucial in designing an effective conflict resolution model. Drawing a conflict resolution model in interpersonal relationships is effective when based on Islamic foundations. This research aimed to identify conflict resolution foundations using two methods of linguistic semantics and qualitative content analysis. By forming the semantic field of conflict in interpersonal relationships, 23 primary concepts were identified. In the process of collecting documents, narratives were examined using purposive sampling and the saturation principle. Data were screened using two criteria of weak books and lack of conceptual relevance. The final analysis of narratives was performed using the qualitative content analysis method of Siah and Shannon (2005) in three stages of open, axial, and selective coding. The research findings indicate that it is essential to base the construction of a conflict resolution model on Islamic thought on internal foundations (possibility of conflict occurrence and resolution, conflicting tendencies, love of essence, failure to meet all needs, self-control, rightness, and the will of God) and external foundations (preserving interpersonal cohesion, individual differences, desirability of peace, and eschatology).

The purpose of this study was to analyze the content of social studies textbooks in high school based on components of social reconstruction. The research design was quantitative and qualitative content analysis. The statistical population of the research is the social studies textbooks of secondary school and the whole statistical population is considered as a sample. A researcher-made checklist was used to collect data. In order to evaluate the validity of the indicators, the CVR index was used, which was equal to /90. Data reliability was obtained using 95% agreement coefficient. To analyze the data in the quantitative part of frequency and percentage as well as chi-square test and in the qualitative part text analysis was used. The results showed that a total of 238 cases of social reconstruction components were mentioned, of which the social component with a frequency of 90 (37.9%) is the highest and the cultural component with a frequency of 86 (36.13%) is after each. Also economic and political components with a frequency of 31 (13%) had the lowest frequency. Also, the results of the chi-square test showed that there is a significant difference between the level of attention of the social studies textbooks in relation to the components of social reconstruction.

The Covid-19 pandemic precipitated a crisis that required a global management response, which was unattainable otherwise. As a result, correct education and the dissemination of pertinent information to the public were designated as the primary responsibilities of organizations combating the virus. Numerous informational outlets and agencies disseminated a substantial quantity of data in pursuit of this objective. Examining these communications can provide valuable insights into the strategies employed by various organizations in managing the coronavirus and prove beneficial in preparing for future crises. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to evaluate the infographics created by the Iranian Ministry of Health, IRNA, and the World Health Organization (WHO), the primary international organization tasked with coronavirus control.From March 2020 to the end of March 2022, 560 infographics accessible on the websites of the aforementioned organizations were analyzed quantitatively through content analysis in accordance with two health belief and extended parallel process models.The findings indicate that the World Health Organization (WHO) employed the persuasive strategy of "self-encouragement" to persuade individuals to adhere to health protocols, relying on arguments and the advantages of the recommendations. However, the Ministry of Health employed the pronoun "we" most frequently as a persuasive strategy; this organization prioritized collectivism and the promotion of patriotism and benevolence among Iranian citizens. IRNA relied primarily on the "observations" method (integrating statistics and diagrams).Conversely, the WHO placed greater emphasis on the social and psychological aspects of health in comparison to the two internal organizations, with the latter ignoring this crucial subject.

 The present study aimed to compare the news coverage of the Russo - Ukrainian war on the channels of IRINN and BBC Persian. In this study, the content analysis method, agenda - setting theory, and framing theory were used. The purposive sampling method was used for the first month of the war from February 24 . 2022 to March 24 , 2022 . For data analysis , the coding sheets were used according to the coding guidelines to collect and encode data . Then, the data were processed by chi - square test through SPSS software . Based on the descriptive findings from 264 reviewed news, 64.4 % of the news was related to BBC Persian while 35 .6 % was related to IRINN, showing the higher frequency of BBC Persian in dealing with the Russo - Ukrainian war news. According to the research findings, there was a significant difference between the two channels in terms of the news function. In addition, 47 .1 % of the reviewed news on BBC Persian had propaganda -stimulating function and only 27.6 % of the news had informative function. However, 73 .4 % of the news on IRINN had an informative function while 6.4 % had a propaganda - stimulating function . Furthermore, a significant difference was observed in the source of news generation in these two channels. In this regard, 78 .8 % of the news generated on BBC Persian was exclusive while this figure was 52.1 % for IRINN .

Elementary education is the first step in formal education and the child's personality is sustained during this time, therefore, it is necessary to use the most precision in the formulation of the content and method of teaching elementary lessons. The purpose of this study was to investigate group symbols in elementary school textbooks using content analysis methodology. Assignments, images, and textbooks have been studied as units of analysis. The validity of the data collection tool (checklist) was confirmed by five experts of educational planning. The correlation coefficient between the two encoding times was calculated to be /82, indicating acceptable reliability of the measuring instrument. The results showed that the share of attention to the concepts of teamwork was less than 2% of the total content of elementary textbooks, which seems to be very low. Comparison of the three parts of text, image and assignment also showed that these concept were considered in assignment more than tow other parts. The results of the analysis of the content of Persian textbooks, experimental sciences and social studies showed that only 0.51% has been paid attention to the working group subscale in the text of elementary school textbooks in each sixth grade. The share of attention to the use of working groups in homework was 11.3%, which has the largest share in primary school books, and in total, the work group component has a share of 1.28% in primary school books. Therefore, considering the importance of teamwork for cooperative activities, revising in the content of elementary textbooks is recommended.