جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « توان بخشی » در نشریات گروه « روانشناسی »

The aim of this study is to investigate the application of cognitive science and technology in the field of intellectual and developmental disabilities. The research design consisted of a systematic review. The PRISMA model will be used to examine research findings regarding the variables of science and cognitive technologies in the rehabilitation of children with intellectual and developmental disabilities. In a similar fashion, a systematic review was conducted using cognitive science and technologies keywords and intellectual and developmental disabilities, intellectual disabilities, mental retardation, cognitive disabilities, down syndrome, and autism spectrum disorder from web the Data (Pupmed, Springer, ProQuest, Scopus, Elsevier, Science direct, & Google Scholar) from 1985 to 2022, in accordance with the research objectives of the current study. To identify and cover more articles published after searching databases, a number of reputable periodicals in this field, including 27 articles out of 52, will be manually searched (Hand Searching) in order to identify and cover more articles. Personal support technologies such as web trek, assisted care systems, and residential assisted care systems such as smart home, smart transportation system are like global positioning system, Following the principles of universal design, personal robots, and virtual technologies are applied examples of cognitive science technologies in the field of intellectual and developmental disabilities. Cognitive technologies have the potential to significantly improve the independence, productivity, and quality of life of individuals with cognitive impairments. Therefore, it is suggested that cognitive technology be developed and utilized for the rehabilitation of individuals with developmental disabilities, including the group of intellectual and developmental disabilities.

Social skills are one of the necessities of social life that most children with autism have a defect in these skills. Social skills impairment is the cause of many problems in social and communication situations.  They have severe problems in other areas, including daily activity skills. This research focuses more on communication and social problems. Therefore, the present study aims to develop cognitive rehabilitation games to improve children’s social function with autism disorder.

The research method in terms of collecting information was the semi-experimental type with pre-test and post-test, and the control group and in terms of purpose, it was the applied type. The statistical population included all autistic children of Yazd Educational and Rehabilitation centers in 2019. Of the total target population, 18 autistic children were randomly selected and assigned to the experimental group (N=9) and the control group (N=9). The intervention program was implemented for three consecutive months in 12 consecutive sessions for the experimental group. This intervention program was implemented for the control group to comply with the ethical principles of the research. Also, testimonial was received from each of the participants in this study. If they were reluctant to continue the cooperation, they could leave the research. A social profile questionnaire was used to collect data. This social profile questionnaire was standardized on Iranian samples by Rezayi (2019). The social skills profile has 48 questions or items with three quizzes on a four-point Likert scale (never, sometimes, often, always). Its total validity coefficient using Cronbachchr('39')s alpha method is 0.90, and the validity coefficient of its components is reported to be social interaction with the coefficient of validity 0.98, social participation 0.92, and immature social behaviors 0.85, respectively. Features of this profile represent a wide range of social behaviors, such as initiation skills, two-way social interactions, perspective, and nonverbal communication skills that individuals with autism spectrum disorder display in social and communicative situations. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical methods such as mean, variance, and univariate analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) test by SPSS-22 software.

The analyzed results by ANCOVA revealed that the cognitive rehabilitation intervention program had a significant effect on all three social function variables, i.e., social interaction, social participation, and immature social behaviors, although the level of significance was not the same for all three variables. The results obtained in this study were coextensive with the results of many similar studies. Adverse findings were also obtained because they were not among the studychr('39')s objectives and were not reported.

Considering that the most severe problem of autistic children as a social impairment that impact of a cognitive rehabilitation intervention program on improving social functions of children with an autism spectrum disorder, the use of cognitive rehabilitation intervention program is suggested as an educational and rehabilitation package in all special centers for autistic children and other children with neurodevelopmental disorders as a training and rehabilitation program. It is also suggested that specialized and trained people should implement this rehabilitation package.

Video games are the most modern and sophisticated form of media in the present, which attracts millions of children and adults worldwide. The various effects of different types of video games on the psychological characteristics of gamers have been studied over the years. The serious effects of these games on cognitive and emotional characteristics such as memory, concentration, visual-motor skills, reasoning, problem solving, depression and psychological well-being lead to appliy them for cognitive rehabilitation and improve skills in amateur gamers such as elderly people with cognitive decline and patients with Alzheimer's. In this review article that conducted in 2019, the manuscripts were searched from the Web of science, PubMed and Scopus databases. All articles were in English, and researches have entered the process of analysis that carried out since 2000 to now. The results showed that video games improve performance and rehabilitation in individuals through sensory, cognitive and emotional effects. The first group of studies focused on progress in basic visual processes, consciousness and attention, enhancement of executive function and improvement in occupational skills in all ages. The second group of researches focused on preventing mental decline and memory loss related to aging, impact The positive effects of active games on visual-motor skills of eldrely, as well as the promotion of self-esteem, emotional balance and social skills through online games. The results of the present study show that video games play a role in improving the cognitive abilities of individuals, especially the elderly, more than previously thought.