مجله پژوهش های کاربردی روانشناختی
سال چهاردهم شماره 1 (بهار 1402)

This study sought to develop a structural relationship model for relapse prediction based on dysfunctional personality beliefs regarding the mediating role of inhibition control. The investigation involved the correlation of structural equations. In 2021, the statistical population comprised all drug addicts who sought treatment at Ardabil Addiction Treatment Camp. 200 male subjects were chosen using the available sampling method and the Relapse to the Prediction Questionnaire (RPS), the Dysfunctional Personality Beliefs Questionnaire (PBQ), and the Inhibition Control Test (go / nogo). Using clever pls3 software, the obtained data were analyzed using structural equation modeling. According to the results of structural equation modeling, dysfunctional personality beliefs have a direct and significant effect on relapse. In addition, inhibition control mediated the indirect impact of dysfunctional personality beliefs. The value of fit (GOF) criterion was utilized to evaluate the model’s overall fit, which governs both the measurement and structural model components. Consequently, the value of goodness of fit (GOF) is 0.41, which, when compared to acceptable values for GOF, demonstrates the model’s overall good fit. According to the findings of this study, it is necessary to provide regular training programs for substance abusers based on the principles of cognitive-behavioral therapy in order to determine the patient’s dysfunctional beliefs about addiction, assist the patient in developing more effective beliefs and behaviors, and assist the patient in developing more effective coping mechanisms.

Using a method of systematic review, the intention of this study is to identify the tissue components in the resilient school. Articles pertinent to the research topic were analyzed for research purposes. Purposeful research in resilience literature (2006-2021) was conducted using articles and publications from the Eric, Elsevier, Scopus, Noormags, Iran Doc, Magiran, and SID databases. Among 400 researches relating to resilience issues and school processes, data mining was limited to articles describing how every aspect of the school context supports resilience. Finally, 32 studies were chosen for a comprehensive evaluation. The first factor emphasizes the significance of the teacher’s role and includes supporting student autonomy, student participation and engagement, teacher support and encouragement, respectful communication with students, and setting student expectations. The second factor refers to the overall context of the school and consists of six components: equality and fairness in school, avoiding labeling, a safe learning environment, a positive school atmosphere, meeting students’ basic requirements in school, and extracurricular activities. The third factor refers to the role of peers and considers peers to be permanent supporters of resilience. This factor includes peers’ acceptance and support of students, participation and mutual unity in completing assignments, and the use of student peacemaking circles to resolve behavioral problems. The fourth factor considers the function of adult guidance and parental support in a child’s education. The fifth axis refers to the resilience of teachers. Regarding this, three issues have been raised: the assistance of psychologists to teachers, the role of school ecology in teacher resilience, and the need to increase their awareness of resilience processes.

This study investigated the efficacy of a resilience-based curriculum on the impulsivity and psychological flexibility of adolescents with an addiction propensity. This study was quasi-experimental, with pre- and post-testing, a control group, and a two-month follow-up. In the 2019-2020 academic year, the statistical population included secondary high school pupils with a tendency toward addiction. Using a systematic sampling technique, 25 adolescents were selected and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. Over the course of two and a half months, the experimental group received ten seventy-five minute sessions of a teaching program on resilience. Three students in the experimental group and two students in the control group dropped out of the study after its initiation. This study utilized the addiction tendency questionnaire (ATQ), the impulsivity questionnaire (IQ), and the psychological flexibility questionnaire (PFQ). The data were analyzed using statistical software version 23 and repeated-measurement ANOVA and Bonferroni follow-up tests. The results indicated that the resilience curriculum had a significant impact on the impulsivity and psychological flexibility of adolescents with a tendency toward addiction (p<0.001). According to the findings of the present study, the teaching package of resilience can be used as an effective method to decrease and improve psychological flexibility in adolescents with an addiction propensity by employing techniques such as learning speech skills, teaching self-awareness, anger management, stress management, problem solving, and normal decision-making.

During the period of the corona epidemic, the present study aimed to determine the actual experiences of school counselors who provided consulting services to parents and teachers. In terms of objective, the research method was fundamental, while in terms of strategy, it was phenomenological. In Tehran in 2022, the research community included all school counselors. The researcher began the sampling process with the most seasoned professionals in the field of school counseling and continued until information saturation was reached. Seven women and three men were interviewed semi-structuredly for a total of ten participants. This research’s data was analyzed using the Colaizzi method and MAXQDA-20 software, yielding 5 major themes and 18 subthemes. Principal axes of school counselors’ experiences include consulting patterns, obstacles and challenges of providing consulting services, positive aspects of epidemic conditions, characteristics and competencies of counselors, and the pathology of the Corona era through the provision of consulting services. Based on the findings of this study, it can be concluded that the provision of advisory services encompasses a vast array of school counselor services and, as an indirect service, utilizes all of the school system’s resources for the development and progress of students. However, this essential service in schools is not yet utilized in an established manner and faces obstacles and challenges, so it is suggested that school counselors receive in-service training.

The aim of this study is to investigate the application of cognitive science and technology in the field of intellectual and developmental disabilities. The research design consisted of a systematic review. The PRISMA model will be used to examine research findings regarding the variables of science and cognitive technologies in the rehabilitation of children with intellectual and developmental disabilities. In a similar fashion, a systematic review was conducted using cognitive science and technologies keywords and intellectual and developmental disabilities, intellectual disabilities, mental retardation, cognitive disabilities, down syndrome, and autism spectrum disorder from web the Data (Pupmed, Springer, ProQuest, Scopus, Elsevier, Science direct, & Google Scholar) from 1985 to 2022, in accordance with the research objectives of the current study. To identify and cover more articles published after searching databases, a number of reputable periodicals in this field, including 27 articles out of 52, will be manually searched (Hand Searching) in order to identify and cover more articles. Personal support technologies such as web trek, assisted care systems, and residential assisted care systems such as smart home, smart transportation system are like global positioning system, Following the principles of universal design, personal robots, and virtual technologies are applied examples of cognitive science technologies in the field of intellectual and developmental disabilities. Cognitive technologies have the potential to significantly improve the independence, productivity, and quality of life of individuals with cognitive impairments. Therefore, it is suggested that cognitive technology be developed and utilized for the rehabilitation of individuals with developmental disabilities, including the group of intellectual and developmental disabilities.

This study investigates the relationship between borderline personality disorder syndrome and self-injurious behaviors in high school students, with rumination serving as a mediator. The research design was descriptive and correlational. The target population consisted of all secondary school students in Tehran between the ages of 12 and 19 during the academic year 2021-2022. From September 2021 to January 2022, a sample of 352 adolescents was conveniently drawn from the population. The Borderline Personality Features Scale for Children (BPFS-C), the Self-Harm Inventory (SHI), and the Rumination Response Scale (RRS) were used to investigate the variables. The data was collected using an online survey administered through social media educational forums. Using SPSS 27 and Smart-Pls 3, a path analysis was performed to examine the data. Path analysis revealed that rumination and borderline personality disorder were significant predictors of self-harm. Furthermore, ruminating served as a mediator between borderline personality and self-harm. Therefore, these variables should be evaluated when formulating preventative or intervention treatments for adolescents exhibiting self-injurious behaviors..

This study aimed to determine the effects of contextual schema therapy on the interpersonal sensitivity and coping self-efficacy of socially anxious female adolescents. The current study was conducted using a semi-experimental pre-test-post-test design with a control group and a one-month follow-up phase. The statistical population includes all 15- to 16-year-old female pupils of the second secondary level in the city of Borazjan in the academic year 2021-2022. Students initially performed the Social Phobia Inventory (SPIN), after which 40 students with higher social anxiety scores than the other subjects were randomly assigned to experimental and control groups (20 individuals in each group). The participants then performed the Interpersonal Sensitivity Scale (ISS) and the Coping Self-Efficacy Scale (CSES) prior to the intervention. The experimental group then received eight 70-minute virtual training sessions, whereas the control group received no intervention. After the final session, the post-test was administered, followed one month later by the follow-up. Analysis of Variance with Repeated Measurement was used to analyze the data in SPSS version 25. The results demonstrated that contextual schema therapy is effective in reducing interpersonal sensitivity and enhancing coping self-efficacy, and that this effect is long-lasting (p < 0.01). According to the findings of the study, therapists and clinical specialists should consider contextual schema therapy as an effective treatment strategy for social anxiety disorder.

With the aim of achieving a method to develop and increase the social, communication, and daily life skills of independent children, the present researcher investigated the effect of the applied behavior analysis method on these children’s social and emotional skills. In terms of purpose and data acquisition, the research was applied and semi-experimental, with control and experimental groups and a covariance analysis model. This study’s statistical population consisted of 48 volunteer boys aged 4 to 11 years old who resided in Tehran between 2020 and 2021. Of this population, 24 boys were selected and assigned to two control and experimental groups (12 individuals in each group). For data collection, the Social and Emotional Skills Questionnaire for Preschoolers (KIST) was utilized. Individually, the applied behavior analysis program was administered to the experimental group in 8 one-hour sessions twice per week. Using SPSS-24 software and multivariate covariance analysis, the data were analyzed. The results demonstrated that the applied behavior analysis program improved the social and communication skills of bereaved children as well as their day-to-day functioning (p<0.05). The effects of the applied behavior analysis program on the social and affective skills of the children were stable and stable in the follow-up phase, whereas the communication skills decreased compared to the post-test.

The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy of mindfulness training on the psychological well-being and academic engagement of low-achieving female high school pupils. The research method was quasi-experimental and included a pre-test, post-test, follow-up, and control group. The statistical population included all secondary school students in Tehran’s 14th district during the 2019-2020 school year. 30 individuals with low academic achievement in the first semester of education (GPA: low score 15) were selected and randomly assigned to experimental (15 individuals) and control (15 individuals) groups using a multi-stage random sampling method. Scale of Psychological Well-Being (RSPWB) and Academic Engagement Questionnaire (AEQ) were assessment instruments. Eight sessions were devoted to mindfulness instruction for the participants. Following the training, the post-test and follow-up were administered two months later. The data were analyzed using analysis of variance with repeated measures and software (SPSS-24). Mindfulness training was found to be effective in enhancing psychological well-being and academic engagement. It appears that mindfulness interventions have the potential to make students more focused, to help them regulate their emotions and become more flexible, and to improve their conscious control over their thoughts, feelings, and actions. Therefore, educational institutions must implement mindfulness training in order to promote students' mental health and academic engagement.

People affected by infidelity show symptoms similar to post-traumatic stress disorder. This study sought to compare the efficacy of emotion-oriented couple therapy (EFCT) and cognitive-behavioral couple therapy (CBCT) in treating post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in women affected by infidelity. This study was quasi-experimental, with a pre- and post-test design, and a control group. The statistical population included (n = 69) infidelity-affected women referred to the apple clinic in Mashhad during the first quarter of 2020. Using the available procedure, 45 infidelity-injured subjects were selected and distributed into three groups: CBCT, EFCT, and control (15 cases in each group). The Impact of Event Scale (IES) was administered to all three groups before, after, and two months after intervention. The obtained data were analyzed using SPSS-20 statistical software and statistical techniques for analysis of variance of duplicate data. In comparison to the control group, the CBCT and EFCT demonstrated a significant reduction in PTSD scores. Cognitive couple therapy was more effective than emotion-focused couple therapy (P <0.05); Thus, both types of couple therapy can be used to ameliorate the condition of women affected by breach of contract. The CBCT was more effective at treating PTSD than EFCT.

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effectiveness of trauma-focused cognitive-behavioral therapy on the bereavement symptoms and behavioral problems of grieving children. In this investigation, a single-case experimental design with incongruent multiple baseline designs was used. The statistical population of the present research was comprised of bereaved children in the city of Karaj who have lost a parent within the past six months. The investigation was conducted between January and May of 2021. The research sample consisted of three minors aged 10 to 11 who were selected using a method of purposive sampling based on the inclusion criteria. During two and a half months, the experimental group received ten 75-minute sessions of trauma-focused cognitive-behavioral therapy. This study utilized the Children’s Grief Questionnaire (CGQ) and the Child Cehavior Checklist (CBCL) as questionnaires. The study’s data were analyzed using the statistical software SPSS-22, visual representation, the dynamic change index, and the improvement percentage formula. The degree of improvement in the variable of grief was 34, 27.53, and 29 for the first, second, and third subjects, respectively, and the calculated dynamic change index was 3.18, 3.56, and 3.14. Moreover, the degree of improvement in the variable of internalized behavioral problems was 46.66, 31.50, and 38.02 for the first, second, and third subjects, respectively, and the calculated dynamic change index was 2.07, 2.96, and 2.14. In addition, the degree of externalized behavioral disorders was 46.98, 40.82, and 45.92 for the first, second, and third subjects, respectively, and the calculated dynamic change index was 2.34, 2.02, and 1.98. After treatment, the amount of dynamic change index was greater than Z (1.96); the results of this study suggest that cognitive-behavioral therapy is an effective method for reducing the bereavement and behavioral problems of grieving children.

This study was conducted to evaluate the forecasting model of marital intimacy based on attachment styles with the mediation of love, empathy, and passion styles in married students of the Gachsaran branch of the Islamic Azad University. The statistical population included all 1,177 married students (male and female) at Islamic Azad University's Gachsaran branch during the 2016-2018 academic year. The statistical sample consisted of 400 married students selected via stratified random sampling. The applied questionnaires included Marital Intimacy Questionnaire (MIQ), Triangular Love Scale (TLS) and Attachment Styles Questionnaire (ASQ). Path analysis was performed on the data using statistical software SPSS and AMOS version 23. The results demonstrated that secure, empathic, and passionate attachments have a direct and significant relationship with marital intimacy among married students (p<0.01). In addition, the safe, avoidant, and ambivalent attachment styles have a direct significant impact on the empathy of married students (p<0.01). In addition, safe, avoidant, and ambivalent attachment styles have significant direct effects on the empathy and passion of married students (p<0.01). In addition, the results of the Sobel test indicated that the component of empathy mediates the relationship between safe and avoidant attachment styles, whereas the component of passion mediates the significant relationship between avoidant attachment style and marital intimacy (p<0.01). Eventually, the model had a good fit. Considering the mediation function of love styles, family therapists must pay attention to the love styles of married couples in order to increase marital intimacy.

The purpose of the present study was to examine the impact of psychological empowerment training on the self-worth and psychological capitals of family-headed women. It was a quasi-experimental study consisting of a pre-test, a post-test, a control group, and a two-month follow-up period. All family-headed women (those whose husbands passed away or divorced) under the protection of the Imam Khomeini Relief Foundation in the town of Marvdasht in 2019-2020 were included in the study's statistical population. 30 family-headed women were randomly assigned to experimental and control groups (each group containing 15 women) using a convenient sampling method. Over the course of two months, the experimental group received fourteen ninety-minute sessions of researcher-designed psychological empowerment training. This research employed the Self-Worth Questionnaire (SWQ) and the Psychological Capital Questionnaire (PCQ). The study’s data were analyzed using mixed variance with the SPSS-23 statistical software. The results showed that psychological empowerment training has a significant impact on the self-worth and psychological capitals of family-headed women (p<0.001). Based on the findings of the present study, it can be concluded that psychological empowerment training is an effective method for enhancing the self-worth and psychological capitals of family-headed women through techniques such as life purpose, responsibility, courage, and a healthy lifestyle.

The present study investigated the effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy on perceived stress and psychosomatic symptoms in students with psychosomatic disorders. The study employed a quasi-experimental design with a pre- and post-test, a control group, and a two-month follow-up period. In the academic year 2020-21, the statistical population included secondary high school students with psychosomatic disorder in the city of Khomeini Shahr. Using a method of purposive sampling, 37 students with psychosomatic disorder symptoms were selected and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups (18 in the experimental group and 19 in the control group). Over the course of two months, the experimental group received eight 75-minute mindfulness-based cognitive therapy sessions. This study utilized the psychosomatic complaints scale (PCS) and perceived stress scale (PSS) as questionnaires. The study’s data were analyzed using mixed ANOVA and SPSS-23 software. The results showed that mindfulness-based cognitive therapy has a significant impact on perceived tension and psychosomatic symptoms in students with psychosomatic disorder (p<0.001). Based on the findings of the present study, it can be concluded that mindfulness-based cognitive therapy can be used as an effective therapy to reduce perceived stress and psychosomatic symptoms in students with psychosomatic disorder through mindful activities and attitudes, as well as by addressing problematic feelings and emotions.

This study aimed to investigate the moderating effect of mental pain on the association between depression, anxiety, and borderline personality disorder. This study was descriptive and correlational in nature. The statistical population of this research consisted of all students at Shahid Beheshti University in Tehran in 2021, and the random sample consisted of 310 men and women. Participants completed the Depression Inventory (BDI), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), Mental Pain Scale (OMMP), and Personality Assessment Index-Characteristics of Borderline Personality Disorder (PAI-BOR). Hierarchically examined data were subjected to multiple regression analysis using SPSS-26 software. The results showed that the variables of anxiety, depression, and mental anguish accurately predict the characteristics of borderline personality disorder. In addition, the interaction between the variables of depression and psychological distress is predictive of borderline personality disorder characteristics. There was no significant interaction between psychological discomfort and anxiety. Therefore, psychological distress has a moderating effect on the relationship between depression and borderline personality disorder characteristics. According to the results, it is explained that the higher experience of mental pain is a result of not satisfying inner and interpersonal needs, and that less satisfaction causes the individual to have a more negative self-image and more negative emotions, or, in other words, more psychological pain. In addition, high levels of psychological distress are associated with elevated levels of borderline personality disorder characteristics, such as emotional instability, identity disorder, and self-harm.

This investigation aimed to determine the efficacy of neurofeedback intervention on stress and anxiety symptoms in migraine patients. The research method was quasi-experimental and descriptive, with a pre-test, post-test, and follow-up design, as well as experimental and control groups. The statistical cohort included all migraine patients who consulted psychological clinics in Tehran in 2018 and 2019. Thirty patients with scores one standard deviation above the mean were selected by convenience sampling and randomly assigned to the experimental and control groups from different institutions in Tehran province. Participants completed the Stress Resources and Stress Symptoms Questionnaire (SRSSQ) and Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI for the pre-test, post-test, and follow-up. After 20 sessions of neurofeedback, the present study’s data were analyzed using the mixed design analysis of variance method and BioGraph Infiniti version 6 software. At the 0.01 significance level, it reduced physical symptoms (P<0.01, F=12.73), psychological/physical symptoms (P<0.01, F=8.87), behavioral symptoms (P<0.01, F=11.52), stress and anxiety (P<0.01, F=10.12). According to the results, neurofeedback may be used as a complementary treatment for patients with migraine and those with mental distress in order to reduce discomfort and acclimate to it more quickly and effectively

The objective of this study was to assess the efficacy of schema therapy in enhancing the sexual desire of circumcised women on Qeshm Island in 2018. The intervention consisted of ten 90-minute sessions per week using schema therapy techniques to address negative beliefs and behavior patterns. The research design was a single-case study, and the statistical population consisted of three married, circumcised women from Qeshm Island who were selected according to their scores on the Young’s Incongruent Schemas Questionnaire (YSQ-SF) and the Hulbert Sexual Desire Index (HISD). In accordance with the design of the study, graphs and visual analysis were utilized to interpret the results. This study revealed a statistically significant increase in the sexual desire index from the first to the final follow-up session, indicating that schema therapy can be an effective psychological method for enhancing the libido of circumcised women in health centers. The importance of addressing the physical and psychological consequences of FGM and providing effective treatments to improve the quality of life and well-being of women who have undergone female circumcision is highlighted by these findings.