جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « کتابخانه ها » در نشریات گروه « کتابداری و مدیریت اطلاعات »

Information literacy involves a range of skills such as recognizing information needs, understanding information production and value, and using information to generate new knowledge ethically. It is essential for individuals to locate, evaluate, and utilize information effectively to become lifelong learners. This research aims to investigate how education influences the information literacy abilities of out-of-school children in accessing digital libraries and databases.

This study utilized a Semi-experimental research design and survey method. Initial theoretical studies were conducted, and five information literacy standards were compared to develop a new pattern. The population consisted of 195 dropouts from two schools - Moshtaq in Kerman and Arslan Boys in Rafsanjan. The sample size of 120 individuals was selected using a simple random method, with 100 students completing the questionnaire. Survey data was analyzed before and after information literacy training over one semester using a checklist with five components and 15 indicators. Reliability was measured using Cronbach's alpha, which yielded a value of 0.851.

The study revealed that digital libraries and databases were available to a favorable extent, with a 2.935 percent availability rate. Prior to training, students showed a 2.125 percent proficiency in locating information in digital resources, which improved to 2.45 percent post-training. Additionally, students demonstrated an average skill level of 2.38 in utilizing full-text databases within digital libraries.

The research underscored the importance of education in enhancing information literacy skills, particularly in the areas of information retrieval and selection, database usage, and critical evaluation of online sources. Recommendations included teaching students how to identify reliable information sources, conduct effective information searches, and utilize various search operators for refining search results.Value: The novelty of the research lies in its examination of the Impact of Education on Information Literacy Skills of Dropout Students in Utilizing Digital Libraries and Databases through a Semi-experimental research design.

The purpose of this study is to design a conceptual model for the application of semantic-social technology in digital libraries in Iran.

This applied research was conducted using Delphi and analytical survey methods. The tool used was a researcher-made questionnaire, which included three parts: the structure of semantic-social technology architecture, semantic-social technology tools, and the function of semantic-social technology. Descriptive statistics, structural equation modeling and partial least squares modeling (PLS-SEM) were used to analyze the statistical data.

In the final research model, most items had a high factor loading and in the main components of the research, including the architecture structure of semantic-social technology, tools of semantic-social technology and the function of semantic-social technology, important items from the perspective of the research community were identified. Accordingly, in the architectural structure of semantic-social technology, the use of RDF schema to describe and describe RDF-based resources, the use of SIOC technology to link blogs, forums and mailing lists had the highest factor loading. Also, in the part of semantic-social technology tools, in the final conceptual model research, video mashups and map mashups had a higher factor loading than others. In the functional part of semantic-social technology, using the URL standard to identify and locate a resource in digital libraries and retrieval function, using RDF tools and using Sub and Super techniques between concepts to retrieve information faster has the highest factor loading. Moreover, in the parts of data and resources and content, the use of RDF tools to exploit multimedia and non-textual resources due to the diversity of available information and in the function of organization and storage, the use of ontology to manage digital resources had higher factor loading. In addition, in the interaction function, the items of communication between the chain of information producers, collectors and users through social semantic web tools had the highest amount of factor loading.

Concusion: 

Considering the results obtained in the proposed model of this research and the items that have gained a high factor loading in the proposed conceptual model, shows that in semantic-social technology in digital library software, what makes this technology progress and success is the correct creation of digital library software. The basis of digital library standards, attention to the XML markup language, Dublin Core, etc. and its integration with semantic tools such as Web 2.0, hashtags and folksonomy, metadata, etc. in line with social technologies such as social networks, mashups, etc.

In spite that Iran's law has undergone changes throughout the history, its connection with jurisprudence is as strong as in the past, as it refers to jurisprudential rules in searching and processing legal rules. Due to the fact that voluntary activities in libraries are new topics, therefore, in the legal examination of it, the mentioned rules will definitely be referred to, but how to apply these rules in legal examinations in general and in the examination of voluntary activities in libraries in particular, has not been studied so far. The present research tries to show that jurisprudence rules can be used in legal examination only with a certain framework.

The required data was collected using the library method and analysis with jurisprudential and legal logic and balanced use of rational perceptions. The scope of legal studies is limited to Iranian law and the scope of jurisprudence studies is limited to Imami jurisprudence.

The activity of the "rule of beneficence", was concluded that voluntarily activities in libraries means that a person who undertakes such an activity cannot be blamed for the results of these activities, since his work is beneficial. The "rules of action" indicates that since the person has denied the right of receiving salary with his own will, the library will not be responsible for the denial of salary entitlement.

Application of the two mentioned rules in the legal review is not absolute and includes religious and rational framework. Its religious framework is derived from the relevant rational that if these two rules cause harm, they are not attributed to the religious legislator. The rational framework is the result of rational perception that does not allow the application of these two rules to have unfair results. Therefore, it cannot be considered responsible for a person conducting voluntary activity in one hand and the library organization on the other hand in the legal review of voluntary activity in Iranian libraries, referring to the above jurisprudential rules. The lack of a framework for jurisprudential rules in their legal use, especially in new matters such as voluntary activities in Iranian libraries, causes their implementation without any restrictions, while this application and lack of restrictions may not be intended by the Sharia and customary legislators. It is not intended by the parties for voluntary activities in libraries and may cause violation of Sharia, moral, human and rational principles. If the mentioned framework is taken into consideration, we will not have any shari'a and moral inconsistency in the use of jurisprudential rules in legal review. Iranian law researchers believe that all dimensions of jurisprudential rules are predetermined and no longer require research. But the fact that, this is not the case, and an important matter such as how to use them and their frameworks has not been researched so far. The present research is the first research regarding the application of jurisprudential rules in Iran's legal reviews and the legal review of voluntary activities in Iranian libraries. Therefore, the continuation of research in this direction is strongly suggested.

Considering the importance of small businesses in the economy and the role and extent of public libraries in providing services, this research was conducted to design a model and examine the level of readiness of public libraries in Khouzestan province in facilitating and developing small businesses.

This research is applied in terms of purpose, in terms of the method of data collection, it is a survey-type descriptive research, and in terms of the nature of the data, it is an exploratory-type mixed study, which was carried out with the thematic analysis technique. In the qualitative section, factors were first identified using snowball sampling and conducting 14 interviews. The validity of these factors was confirmed with the content validity ratio (CVR) index and their qualitative reliability was confirmed through Felice's Kappa coefficient test. In the quantitative part, a questionnaire consisting of extracted qualitative factors was distributed among 173 public library librarians in Khuzestan province. Then, using the SWOT matrix analysis model, the factors were categorized into two internal categories (strengths and weaknesses) and external factors (opportunities and threats).

This research shows results in 4 dimensions of internal factors including "resources and services", "manpower", "marketing and advertising" and "technology and space"; and 4 dimensions of external factors including "laws and regulations", "management attitudes", "training" and "communications and interactions". From the total of 17 components that were examined in 4 dimensions of internal factors, 1 strength point and 9 weakness points were observed, and the remaining 7 factors were in an average situation, which gives an average of 2.389. On the other hand, the public libraries of Khuzestan province are faced with 2 opportunities and 9 threats out of 19 investigated factors in 4 dimensions of external factors and the other 8 factors have an average status and an average of 2.482 for external factors. It turns out that the situation is relatively favorable, and the overall average obtained for all components and dimensions under investigation is 2.438, which indicates a relatively favorable situation.

Small businesses can use the services of public libraries to start and develop. However, the public libraries of Khuzestan are in relatively favorable conditions to support and facilitate small businesses. For this reason, to support these businesses, first and foremost, this should become part of the mission and goal of Khuzestan public libraries. If business support becomes part of the value system and mission of public libraries, a dynamic and business-supporting library may be created in that system and mission.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between organizational citizenship behavior and job performance among public librarians in Ilam province.

The methodology applied for this research was descriptive and correlational in nature, with data collected through survey methods. Utilizing the organizational citizenship behavior questionnaire developed by Podsakoff et al. (1990) and the job performance questionnaire by Paterson (1970), the study focused on the librarians in Ilam province in 2023. With three predictor variables considered, a confidence level of 0.95, test power of 0.90, and G*Power software indicating a minimum required sample size of 99 individuals, a total of 103 participants were included in the analysis after accounting for an additional 5% sample volume.

The findings revealed significant relationships between altruism and civil virtue among librarians, as well as associations between respect for librarians and their job performance. However, no significant correlations were found between conscientiousness or chivalry and job performance.

In democratic systems, increasing attention is being placed on citizen participation. Active engagement from organizational members as good citizens is crucial for fostering positive behaviors within an organization. Recognizing organizational citizens as valuable resources, their behavior plays a key role in overall success. This study highlights the positive link between organizational citizenship behavior and librarian performance in Ilam province.

Value: 

This study adds to the existing literature by examining the impact of organizational citizenship behavior on librarian job performance and underscores the importance of this relationship in enhancing professional performance. The results can offer valuable insights for cultural officials, public library managers, and policymakers seeking to motivate library staff effectively.

The present study states that the success in implementing the knowledge management architecture in the field of electronic services for business in digital libraries requires the evaluation of knowledge management in the digital library. For this purpose, the researchers have studied the implementation of digital library research in the form of digital enterprises to set up a link for electronic business such as culture centers in digital and functional form in public libraries of Tehran. Basically, the application of this work is that by first setting up a link in the digital library at the level of public libraries, it is possible to open the door to electronic business, so that researchers can do research in this field and people seek work and creation in entrepreneurship, and in this way, electronic services can be launched in public libraries and these services can be guided through prioritization and knowledge management architecture, and a model and pattern that has been proposed in this research can be opened. and considered the initiator of this work.

This research is based on the purpose of an applied-developmental study and based on the method of data collection, it is a descriptive study of the cross-sectional survey type. Also, in this study, a mixed research method (qualitative-quantitative) was used. The data collection tool in the qualitative part was a semi-structured interview, and in the quantitative part, a questionnaire with face validity and with a Likert-type scale. The statistical population in the qualitative section includes 33 experts of digital library managers, who were selected by the purposeful sampling method, which was reached up with 12 interviews. To analyze the data in the qualitative part, the theme analysis method and MaxQDA software were used. Then, using gap analysis and performance analysis, the priority of knowledge management architecture in e-business services was discussed. The quantitative statistical population includes 150 digital users and 50 digital library user experts. The sample size was checked with Morgan's table, Cronbach's alpha and Likert's scale were also used for the questionnaire, and Friedman's test was also used for prioritization. Sampling in quantitative section was done randomly. In order to answer the research questions for the qualitative part, it was done through indirect observation, and after answering the interview questions, it was semi-structured. Basically, the user was allowed to do it alone and to some extent with an open hand without having any answer to the relevant questions in a restricted manner.

The research findings show that knowledge management in the digital library is at the initial level of the productivity model in digital libraries. The gap between the performance level and the expected level is wide. But in general, they achieved a meaningful relationship. In the field of electronic services, expectations (importance) are close to perceptions (performance). But in the case of variables such as knowledge management results, knowledge processes, knowledge management architecture, e-business, gaps in requirements and priorities were observed. According to the research obtained in the background section, it needs more understanding and investigation which shows that variables such as electronic business service requirements of digital libraries, the communication chain of knowledge management architecture in digital libraries are needed in this library and should be investigated. It can also be said that the research findings show that knowledge management in the digital library is at the initial level. The gap between the performance level and the expected level is wide. Variables such as electronic business service requirements of digital libraries and communication chain of knowledge management architecture in digital libraries are needed. Basically, the findings of the research include the following:
Level of knowledge management in digital library: beginner
Gap between performance and expectations: large
The need for further investigation in the digital library system: the variables of electronic business service requirements of digital libraries and the communication chain of knowledge management architecture.

The results of the research showed that the requirements of digital libraries have been raised in the form of a knowledge management architecture for electronic business, and in this context, the model of digital libraries to improve the performance of these services has been expressed in the suggestions section which can be used as a digital company to start a business in digital libraries. Basically, this company is the initiator of other businesses as well as research works in any organization and library, which is good enough to give hope for donation and this work. It is a way to advance the goals of this library and electronic business and entrepreneurship in the digital world. Also, in the section of suggestions for improving and promoting this work, the network method is also mentioned, which is the best way to do electronic work in the virtual world. Also, this method can open the way for ontology and information retrieval in the digital world, and in principle, this way can be suggested for better performance in both specialized and public libraries.

Time management is one of the principles of effective management that requires certain skills. It can be divided into two general categories of individual and organizational skills. This research seeks to investigate the relationship between the categories of individual and organizational skills in time management and the level of familiarity of librarians working in the libraries of medical sciences universities located in Tehran with these components.

In this research, the research method was descriptive and applied.The statistical population includes all the librarians of the libraries of Tehran medical sciences universities, 135 of whom were selected using the full population sampling method. In order to collect data, a two-part demographic researcher questionnaire was used to measure personal and organizational time management skills. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlation test and single sample t in SPSS19 software.

The relationship between individual skills and organizational behavior is positive with a correlation coefficient of 0.192 (p<0.05). In terms of gender and type of university, the use of time management skills did not differ and was almost equal.

The familiarity of librarians with the components of organizational skills was more than individual skills and there was a positive and significant relationship between individual skills of time management and the six dimensions of organizational skills, and in the component of goal setting, the highest relationship and the lowest relationship was seen in delegation.

With the development of technologies, things are done faster and in less time, as the reduction of time to do work and the speed of response has become an important competitive advantage among organizations. These features and advantages have led to the widespread use of Internet of Things technology among different societies, and at the same time, the field of acceptance and development of information and communication technologies in libraries and information centers has also emerged because libraries, as information service centers, should be able to play a role on par with other organizations. Due to the advancement of information and communication technology, libraries have problems in managing and providing services. The Internet of Things is one of the phenomena that helps librarians to better manage facilities, equipment, and applications. The purpose of the current research was to study the information security in digital libraries on the Internet of Things. This research was of applied type and library (documentary) and survey methods were used to carry it out. For this purpose, a 19-item checklist was used to identify and evaluate the dimensions of the research, and the state of information security in digital libraries was investigated and analyzed in 6 components access level, security and technology, service provision, infrastructure, information protection and information confidentiality. Binomial and one-sample t-tests were used for data analysis in SPSS software. In this research, the libraries that use the Internet of Things technology, the type of libraries, and the services provided by the Internet of Things technologies in the libraries were identified. The findings indicate that the components of the level of access, security, and technology, providing services and infrastructure are in a suitable condition, and the components of information protection and information confidentiality are in an inappropriate condition in terms of the security of the Internet of Things information. The use of the Internet of Things in libraries is increasing, and many libraries use or want to use this technology because it has many advantages for libraries. Also, the use of this technology accelerates and facilitates the transfer from one generation to another of libraries, especially the transfer from a traditional library to a digital library and a smart library with a smarter service. The use of the Internet of Things in digital libraries can lead to providing new and irreplaceable services to the users of these libraries. Meanwhile, security is one of the key challenges of information technology, and Issues related to the Information Security of Digital Library on the Internet of Things are very important, librarians can make decisions by using it carefully.

A digital library is a collection of digital objects, such as books, magazines, audio recordings, video recordings, and other documents that are accessible electronically. Public libraries also use digital libraries in their activities to improve the quality of services. This study aimed to investigate the feasibility of establishing the status of the digital library in Iran Public Libraries Foundation, based in Kerman city. The present survey research methods a descriptive-analytic, statistical population consisting of 62 members of managers and staff working in 9 the public libraries of Kerman city. Due to the limitation of the size of the community, Sampling has not been done and all the people were considered as statistical samples. Data was collected using a researcher-made checklist with confirmed structural and content validity. The checklist questions were prepared and organized according to the objectives of the research and by the basic questions. The validity of this checklist was confirmed through the opinion of the subject experts and the examination of the dimensions of the research components and compliance with similar texts and research. TOPSIS method has been used to check research hypotheses. As well as for the implementation of information architecture using similarity to ideal option (TOPSIS) among the public libraries of various attributes, including the city of Kerman (the skills of librarians, technical equipment and facilities available in the library, the library's budget situation and telecommunication infrastructure) were studied, so the weight of the rating criteria to the libraries on a five-step were explained. The results showed that the findings showed: Central National Library with a coefficient of 0.590 is close to the ideal coefficient in comparison with other libraries, and Yazdani Far Library is ranked ninth with a coefficient of 0.248. Strengthening digital technology, explaining the nature, function, advantages, and disadvantages of digital libraries, digital protection, and information security, user privacy protection, resource sharing methods, and educational programs are among the important issues in creating digital libraries. According to the results of the research, it was found that public libraries in kerman are not in a favorable situation in terms of telecommunication infrastructure, Therefore, it was suggested to provide the necessary infrastructure for the use of information technology. Teaching the use of related technologies, increasing the speed of the Internet, providing the necessary infrastructure, and providing the necessary equipment are among the suggestions of the research.Originality/value: Creating a digital library is very beneficial in the effective use of information resources. Paying attention to the essential infrastructures and basic components in the digitization of public libraries of Kerman for the use of information technology is one of the benefits of this research.

In the present era, libraries and information centers, with the pervasiveness of voluntary activities, have taken advantage of the presence of volunteer forces to dynamize and develop service delivery. The present study seeks to analyze the factors and components affecting the voluntary activities of Iranian libraries.

The present study is a quantitative survey. In this study, the cluster sampling method was used and the data were collected with a questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS and AMOS software. The statistical population included professors of Knowledge and Information Science, cultural trustees, library executives, librarians and experts in Knowledge and Information Science, and library staff in 5 provinces of Bushehr, Khorasan Razavi, Khuzestan, Qazvin and Hamedan.

Findings showed that the correlation between the factors of the ruling context, intervening, strategic, and outcome with the variables of causal factors were 0.419, 0.503, 0.65, 0.448, respectively, which was significant at the level of p<0.05. In other words, the more the benefit of the factors of the ruling, intervening, strategic, consequential context increases, the more the causal factors increase, and the less the ruling context, intervening, strategic, consequential, the less the causal factors decrease. The results also showed that the value of t-statistic observed in the variable of voluntary activities and its factors was positive and significant (p<0.05). The level of Iranian libraries utilization rate from the factors and components affecting voluntary activities is above average.

The results showed that librarians and libraries in Iran welcome the implementation of the plan to employ volunteers and there is a significant relationship between the factors and components of volunteer activities in Iranian libraries. In this regard, it is necessary to provide a more effective presence of volunteer forces in the country's libraries to dynamize and develop services by creating laws, reforming policies and attracting the support of governmental and non-governmental institutions. Because volunteers, as great social assets, which are also referred to as national wealth, will play an important and essential role in the expansion of promotion and cultural activities, therefore, it is suggested that a general outline of the process of recruitment, employment and management of volunteers be prepared by the trustees of the libraries and provided to the librarians for further familiarization. This plan can be studied first in the research community (libraries of five provinces) in an experimental way, and after solving possible problems, it can be implemented all over the country. On the other hand, considering the readiness of libraries and librarians to accept volunteers, it is suggested that the plan of calling and recruiting volunteers should be included in the agenda of libraries to lead to the quantitative and qualitative growth and development of libraries and their services.

The present research with the aim change the mission of public libraries from "book lending institutions" to "social centers" and provide personalized intelligent services to users by applying data mining methods. The current research has been carried out with the aim of identifying the applications of data mining in public libraries with regard to different dimensions, including service analysis, quality analysis, collection analysis and application analysis, as well as determining the functions and techniques of data mining. The search algorithm for this scoping review is designed based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) flowchart following the steps of the methodological framework of Arksey & O'Malley. Using Endnote, as the information resources management software, 32 duplicate articles and 395 articles as a result of (non)compliance with the purpose or inclusion and exclusion criteria of the research were removed from the total number of 438 studies. Ten main articles in English and two related main articles in Persian were finalized and finally 13 articles have been selected. The application of data mining in public libraries is very wide and can be used as a powerful tool in the fields of management, reference services, organization, storage and retrieval, information, marketing, budget and collection building. In general, the findings of the current research indicate that the subject of data mining applications in providing services and functions of public libraries has received little attention in researches. Data mining of users' data, makes it possible to identify the resources and topics with the highest demand and, as a result, prepare a set of desirable books and resources for delivery to users. Therefore, by recognizing the needs and preferences of users, it is possible to prioritize library information resources and improve the services provided to users, including the borrowing process, fast and effective search system, personalization and customized provision of services, and the entire process of communicating with users. As a result, the necessity of data mining in public libraries is recognized as an important tool for identifying the library's strengths and weaknesses, improving management processes and improving the performance and upgrading of library services consistent with the needs of users, optimizing resources and identifying the needs of diverse users. The current research debuts a point for future researchers to use appropriate data mining functions and techniques for evaluation purposes in public libraries according to their specific needs.

The aim of the present research examine the researches related to digital libraries and distance and digital education services to identify the basic issues of this field and to introduce the digital library reference model for the development of a collaborative model in digital libraries.This research is a review type that was conducted using the library method and the articles on this topic were studied in the English and Persian databases. The findings showed that the three main policy concepts, content and architecture, are considered critical success factors for the implementation of digital libraries in distance and digital open education, which are strategic planning and policy development, digital content and information services, and infrastructure. Technology and skills development have been adapted.According to the findings, it is concluded that the collaborative model for implementing digital libraries in open distance and digital education (ODDE) can ensure that digital libraries are jointly designed, which leads to wider adoption and use in open distance and digital education. Also, digital libraries can increase the sense of cooperation and culture of knowledge sharing to improve learning and teaching and communication between learners and teachers.

 The role of public libraries has changed and expanded compared to the past. Since the beginning of the new century, we have seen fundamental changes in the roles and services of public libraries, especially with emphasis on their social roles. Therefore, considering the expansion of the range of services of these libraries and their impact on society, this research aims to identify and analyze the community roles of public libraries.

 This research is practical in terms of its purpose, and the nature of the data is a qualitative type, performed with the systematic review technique and the application of the four-stage model of Okoli and Shabram (2010). To select the articles correctly in the second stage of the mentioned model, the process of selecting the articles of Silva (2015) was used. The statistical population was the texts were published in the Persian language between 1381 and 1401, and in English between 2002 and 2022. After searching the databases and retrieving 1819 articles, the articles were cleaned and screened. Finally, 201 articles related to the social roles of public libraries were selected.

 Studies related to the social roles of public libraries in the country, despite their importance, are nascent and have only been paid attention to in the last decade, so the lack of research in this field is evident. But this research abroad has met with more success among researchers, they have had a long history and much research has been carried out. The findings showed that public libraries have seven roles including 1. Promoting social justice, 2. Developing social capital, 3. Increasing social participation, 4. Promoting social resilience, 5. Community building, 6. Managing natural crises, and 7. Reducing deprivations and injuries. Social, they play in the community.

  The primary condition for success in fulfilling these roles is a complete and comprehensive understanding of the position of public libraries in the local social network. To achieve this goal, public libraries need to be aware of their societal conditions above all. By organizing activities that lead to creating a space for meeting, developing personal relationships, and communicating with members and different strata of society, public libraries present their new community roles and strengthen the position of the library as a reliable institution worthy of trust at the community level. They help by performing the roles mentioned in this research, public libraries can contribute to social development and be a positive factor in the change and evolution of society. In this way, libraries and their facilities, activities, and programs must take steps in line with the social, cultural, political, and economic needs of the communities to become a part of the community in the real sense. Therefore, they should play their role in this field and overcome the difficulties, with comprehensive measures and proper awareness and knowledge enhancement of the audience, as well as the use of human and educational resources to improve the quality of the citizens 'lives.

The spread of Corona and the closure of public libraries caused the activities of libraries to continue in the virtual space and librarians to seek to create content for their libraries. The library staff started providing content for their websites, weblogs and social media. The purpose of this research is to analyze the online content created by the librarians of public libraries affiliated with the Iran Public Libraries Foundation during the COVID-19 pandemic on Instagram in order to gain knowledge about their experiences.

The current research is descriptive and applied and was carried out using the documentary method, in which the pages of Iranian public libraries on Instagram were carefuly watched for their contents and topics. The research population included 2700 branched of public libraries affiliated to the Iran Public Libraries Foundation, from which a sample of 336 libraries was selected using Morganʼs table. The sample was categorized in a way to include representatives from 31 provinces. The data about posts, followers and subject tags was extracted and entered into the Excel software. For this purpose, the posts were separated according to the publication date of each post (before the COVID-19 pandemic, during the closure of libraries during the COVID-19 pandemic, and after the COVID-19 pandemic). In order to test the research hypotheses, the Pearson correlation coefficient and regression tests were used.

The results showed that the contents provided by the librarians on the official pages of Iranian public libraries mostly refer to four thematic classes: library workshops, training courses, announcements of the upcoming cultural-literary events, and news on calendar events. In case of the workshops, Tehran province had the highest number of posts (with 804 posts) and Qom province had the lowest number of posts (with 98 posts). For training courses, Tehran province showed the highest number of posts with 75 posts and Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province showed the lowest number with 3 posts. In the case of announcements of cultural-literary events, Tehran province had the greatest number of posts with 112 posts, while the lowest number of posts belonged to East Azarbaijan province. In the case of calendar events, Tehran province has the highest number of posts with 121 posts, while Kurdistan province and Kahegiluyeh and Boyer Ahmad province had the lowest number with 11 posts. The results for Spearman test revealed a significant correlation between the degree and the number of followers, and the number of posts. There was also a significant relationship between the degree of library and the time lapse between the published posts.

Originality/value:

 The conditions of Corona and quarantine during the pandemic forced the librarians of public libraries to continue their activities and services such as lending, reference services, events on social networking platforms, particularly Instagram. The findings of the current research showed that smaller libraries have offered more and more diverse content on Instagram. It seems that there is a closer connection between the local communities and the librarians of smaller libraries, and the audience of these libraries is more interested in following their library pages, and this in turn can lead to more content and news related to libraries. The experience of online content creation during the Corona pandemic can be used to expand the range of offline services of libraries, manage crisis situations and motivate librarians to create content.

The main objective of this study was to investigate the role of Kermanshah public libraries in attracting users from the perspective of their clients.

This research utilized a quantitative survey method. The statistical population consisted of all members of public libraries in Kermanshah, totaling 12,197 individuals. The sample size was determined to be 372 members, selected through simple random sampling using Cochran's formula.

The findings indicated that the highest percentage of efforts made by libraries to attract users was through reserving and lending resources (41.3%). Conversely, the use of advertisements had the lowest percentage (2.02%). In terms of users' tendencies towards different book subjects, specialized books (27.7%), general information (22.6%), and fiction/poetry (20%) were the most preferred categories.

The study identified several factors that have contributed to a decrease in the number of library visitors, including a lack of suitable reading resources, inadequate facilities, an unappealing environment, and traditional library management practices.Value: This research provides valuable insights into the strengths and weaknesses of public libraries in Kermanshah when it comes to attracting users. This knowledge can aid library officials and trustees in identifying the information needs of their users.

Digital transformation is a relatively new concept in the university library environment and has become one of the key concepts of success and sustainability for university libraries in the competitive information environment. Based on the reviews conducted on the subject literature, no research was found that could present the construction requirements and the factors affecting the digital transformation of university libraries. Therefore, the purpose of the current research was to identify the components of the digital transformation of university libraries.

The approach of this research was qualitative and the Sandelowski and Barroso's seven-step meta-synthesis method (2007) has been used. The statistical population of the research includes all the scientific publications related to the foundations and dimensions of the digital transformation of university libraries, counting the scientific publications retrieved from 12 scientific databases in the period from 2004 to 2022 (corresponding to the solar Hijri years of 1383 to 1401), which is based on the Critical Appraisals Skills Programme (CASP) and screening process.

Therefore, 32 works were selected for further review and analysis. In this research, first, a separate code was considered for all the factors extracted from the selected publications, and then considering the concept of each of the codes, they were categorized in a similar concept. In this way, the concepts of the research were determined. Based on the analysis done with the help of content analysis method, there are a total of 7 main categories and 24 concepts, including digital culture (digital attitude, user-oriented, agility, participation and cooperation, creativity and innovation, learning digital skills of employees), digital librarian (individual competence, knowledge competence, communication competence, skill competence), digital manager (individual competence, knowledge competence, skill competence), digital services and resources (optimally reorganizing library resources, providing digital services to users, providing digital services to the organization mother), digital technologies (digital infrastructure, technological readiness, use digital technologies), support and cooperation of upstream institutions and the mother organization (to provide human resources, to provide technological resources and equipment, to make macro policies), and Work process and development of digital strategy (digitalization of processes and development of library digital strategy).

The discussion of the digital transformation of organizations, including the digital transformation of university libraries, is complex, and managers and librarians cannot be expected to be familiar with these concepts without training or study and be able to move in the right direction towards the digital transformation of libraries. This research is the first research inside and outside of Iran that identified the components of the digital transformation of university libraries. The results of this research can be a good guide for an easy understanding of the effective factors and requirements of digital transformation of libraries and the importance of understanding it for managers and librarians.

The present research was conducted with the aim of identifying the impact of the gamification component (reward) on the external and internal motivation (based on Herzberg's theory) of the librarians of the specialized library of the Information Technology and Agricultural Information Center.

The current research is applied and conducted with a descriptive survey method. The statistical population of the current research is the staff of the specialized library of the Information Technology and Information Center of Tehran. M. Markovski with 4 factors of game mechanics, emotions, behavior, motivation. In this questionnaire, the reward component of gamification and job motivation was investigated. In the current research, its content validity and reliability were determined with Cronbach's alpha coefficient, and its value is 0.75, which is reliable. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used in SPSS 23 statistical software for data analysis

The gamification component of rewards based on Herzberg criteria of extrinsic motivation including salary and wages, environmental policy, communication, job security, working environment conditions, supervision and supervision in the specialized library staff of Tehran Agricultural Information and Information Technology Center with an average of 4.4, significant effect has it. The reward gamification component has a significant effect on internal motivation criteria including recognition and appreciation, career progress and development, nature of work, job responsibility, job position with an approximate average of 4.2.

The results of the research show that the gamification component of rewards has an effect on external motivation and internal motivation in the specialized library staff of the Information Technology and Agricultural Information Center, and it is suggested that the specialized working group of gamification in the specialized library of the Agricultural Jihad Information Center and the use of active people In the field of gamification to create positive changes in the human resources sector.

Today, in addition to their traditional role in accessing books, and providing a place for reading and other recreational and recreational purposes, public libraries are considered as spaces of society that also have important social roles and functions. This research was conducted with the aim of identifying and ranking cultural factors affecting the role of Iran's public libraries as community centers, and in order to provide a conceptual model in this field, based on Jürgen Habermas' theory of the public sphere.

This research is applied in terms of its purpose; In terms of data collection, survey; And in terms of the nature of the data, it is a mixed research of an exploratory type, which was carried out with a systematic approach of database theorizing. In the qualitative part, effective factors were identified by conducting 33 interviews and 2 focus groups (each group has 4 people and a total of 8 people). The validity of these factors was confirmed by using the content validity ratio (CVR) index, and their reliability was confirmed through the Fleiss' kappa coefficient test. In the quantitative part, the reliability of the tool was confirmed using a questionnaire consisting of 16 items and with Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.91. Finally, factors were ranked by Shannon's entropy method.

The findings showed that three cultural factors, including local discourse, the arena of understanding and cultural diffusion, are effective in playing the role of public libraries as community centers. Meanwhile, the field of understanding is considered the most important factor and cultural diffusion has the least effect in this field. All factors had content validity higher than 0.33 and Kappa coefficient higher than 0.7, so all of them have the necessary validity and reliability. Finally, the conceptual model of the research was designed and drawn in six sections.

Jürgen Habermas' theory of the public sphere is one of the sociological theories, which is close to the goals and mission of public libraries. On the other hand, the culture factor is a fundamental factor for playing the role of public libraries as community centers. In this regard, many people may still think that public libraries are a place only for reading, but a review of the various actions and activities of public libraries shows that these places carry out various activities that advance the cultural development of societies. In this way, public libraries play a prominent role in carrying out cultural activities. In order to fulfill its role as a community center, public libraries need to promote the native discourse of the society, be a safe arena for free discussion and understanding of different sections of the society, and spread culture in local communities.

Volunteers to serve in the library are among the capacities that can be used to improve the organization of libraries. This research seeks to determine the factors and challenges of using volunteers in libraries from the point of view of the librarians of Astan Qods Razavi.

This applied research has been done through grounded theory as a qualitative research method. The statistical population of this research is all librarians of the Organization of Libraries, Museums and Astan Qods Razavi Document Center who have 5 years of experience in librarianship. Sampling was done in a non-probability and purposeful way. The number of members of the sample community was determined based on the criteria of theoretical sampling and considering the theoretical saturation of 36 people. The data collection tool was a structured interview. The collected data was analyzed by content analysis method, Barouch, Strauss and Corbin three-step coding and using MAXQDA software.

The results show that the librarians of Astan Qods consider the presence of volunteers in the organization as essential and this necessity is not only an organizational need but also a social necessity resulting from the desire of the community members to work and be active. They don't know about volunteering and they believe that the presence of volunteers will increase the society's awareness of the organization's goals and, as a result, influence the society on the one hand and improve the knowledge and skills of graduates and those interested in participating in scientific and cultural activities. Also, the results of the research showed that the employees face professional and organizational challenges to support and cooperate with the volunteers and the challenges that are related to the nature of the volunteer activity. Choosing candidates with appropriate academic status and academic resume and involving employees and middle managers will reduce the professional and organizational challenges of employees. Challenges such as considering volunteer work as futile and the temporary presence of volunteers in the organization depend on the nature of volunteer work and need to change the organizational culture, which can be improved by training, communication and holding friendly meetings between employees and volunteers.

Libraries can attract interested and talented volunteers through proper information. Retaining volunteers in the library requires systematic planning to overcome the challenges faced by volunteers, administrators, and staff.

The resources of the organization are the main assets and skeleton of the organization. The most successful organizations are those that use their intangible assets faster and better; Among the important organizational intangible assets are knowledge and information. Knowledge and information drive the life of today's organizations more than factors such as capital, land or labor. Knowledge is the most important or strategic production factor; Knowledge is the most basic capital of organizations, including university libraries, and knowledge management is one of the important tools for the success of organizations in the information age. Knowledge audit is defined as the examination and measurement of knowledge used in the knowledge management system, as well as a tool for valuing knowledge and determining the opportunities and problems of knowledge management. Knowledge audit is a systematic evaluation of organizational knowledge health. Considering the importance of medical sciences libraries in the dissemination of health information and the role of knowledge management audit in the optimal implementation of knowledge management, the present study intends to identify the indicators of the conceptual model of knowledge management audit in the libraries of medical sciences universities in Iran.

The current research is a combination of quantitative and qualitative types and analytical survey. After formulating and setting the research questions and with the determination of the research objectives as well as the determination of the statistical population and statistical samples, the necessary data were collected with the help of smart PLS software and the questions were tested by analyzing them. In the use of library resources, the resources available in the library of the Program and Budget Organization, Islamic Council Research Center, Faculty of Management of Tehran University and Tarbiat Modarres University were used. In order to use electronic resources, the scientific information resources of the university were also used and the databases of electronic scientific journals in English, such as Science Direct, Scopus, Thomson Reuters, ProQuest, Wiley, Springer, OCD, Emerald, etc., were used. In addition, all Persian databases of scientific research publications of the University of Tehran, Namametn publications, the country's publications database, Noor specialized magazines, the scientific information database of academic Jihad, knowledge reference (articles of conferences and seminars) and most importantly the website of the Research Center of the Islamic Council and the organization of the budget program has been reviewed and an effort has been made to monitor all the issues worked in this field with a comprehensive view and use of them if they are related to the research topic. In order to identify the indicators of the conceptual model of knowledge management audit, the fuzzy Delphi method was used in two stages by 12 experts, of which 6 (50%) were men and 6 (50%) were women. All the people in the statistical population of the research had a doctorate degree, 58.3% had the scientific rank of assistant professor, and 66.7% had more than 15 years of experience in working with the university library. Second-order confirmatory factor analysis was used to validate the identified indicators. In order to validate the model, a questionnaire was conducted among 122 managers and librarians of medical sciences universities in Tehran, Shahid Beheshti, Iran, Isfahan, Mashhad, Kerman, Tabriz, Hamedan, Gilan, Hormozgan, Shiraz, Shahid Sadouqi of Yazd, Lorestan, Arak, Jundishapur of Ahvaz. It was distributed in Birjand where 111 people answered the questionnaire.

The conceptual model of knowledge management audit was obtained in three dimensions, 13 indicators and 55 sub-indices. The dimensions of the stage after the knowledge management audit with (0.8550), before the knowledge management audit with (0.8460) and during the implementation of knowledge management with (0.8430) were the most important.Discussion and

Internal researches have less discussed the knowledge audit and have mostly been done on knowledge management in different statistical populations. Often, in several areas, they have used the method of documentary study and with an analytical approach to comparative study and analysis of existing models and methodologies in the field of knowledge audit. In general, all models and methodologies are somewhat general and static in nature, and in order to be used in Different organizational environments do not have the necessary flexibility and agility; Limited researches have been done in the field of identifying dimensions and audit indicators of knowledge management. The main focus of researches outside of Iran includes examining the audit indicators of knowledge management in the evaluation of organizations and expressing the challenges of using quantitative methods to evaluate the quality of research in this field, investigating and identifying quantitative and qualitative indicators for evaluating research in different dimensions, introducing and expressing the importance of audit in knowledge management in the evaluation of organizations. In order to measure the importance of each of the knowledge management audit indicators, after analyzing the indicators with the help of factor analysis, a fitted factor model was designed to present a conceptual model of knowledge management audit in the libraries of medical sciences universities. The results showed the approval and acceptable fit of the conceptual model of knowledge management audit in the libraries of medical sciences universities.