کتابخانه ها

Main purpose of this study was to discover the impact of book reading meetings on the responsibility of 9-14 years old members of Mood public library, focusing on juvenile literature.

This research was a quasi-experimental study designed by experimental and control groups. It included pre-test and post-test. The statistical population of the research included 120 teenage members of this public library, of which 40 people were randomly appointed as the sample in two groups of 20 people by random assignment method. Analysis of covariance and independent t test were used for data analysis.

The results showed that reading meetings increased the level of responsibility and all its components in the subjects. In the follow-up phase, it was found that responsibility and all its components (except fiduciary) have changed steadily among the subjects. The average responsibility of young library members was significantly higher than the average and less than the ideal. Significant difference between responsibility and seven components (self-management, orderliness, legality, trustworthiness, conscientiousness, organization, and progressiveness) were observed in both experimental and control groups. The follow-up stage showed that the average level of responsibility and six components of self-management, orderliness, legality, conscientiousness, organization and progressiveness have been increasing, but the average level of trustworthiness has decreased.

Book reading meetings centered on juvenile literature have led to changes in the responsibility and its components, i.e., self-management, orderliness, trustworthiness, conscientiousness, legality, organization, and progressiveness in teenagers.

The aim of this study was to examine the awareness, attitudes and practices of public librarians in Qom province regarding green information literacy and their role in environmental conservation.

This applied research employed a descriptive-survey method. The statistical population includes 75 librarians working in 24 public libraries in Qom province, from whom 40 were selected through stratified random sampling and responded to a researcher-developed questionnaire. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS software with descriptive and inferential statistical methods.

The librarians had a moderate understanding of green information literacy, with more than half being unfamiliar with the concept prior to the study. However, they demonstrated a positive attitude toward environmental protection and high motivation to engage in eco-friendly activities, although limitations such as a lack of educational resources and weak institutional support hindered practical implementation. The results also indicated that public libraries can play a crucial role in raising environmental awareness among users and librarians, through information dissemination, training and awareness programs as well as contributing significantly in the promotion of green information literacy.

This study highlights the need to expand environmental education for librarians, develop supportive policies within related library institutions, and enhance collaboration between libraries and environmental organizations. Future studies are recommended to extend the research scope to other provinces and employ qualitative methods to gain deeper insights into the challenges and opportunities in this field.

The Internet platform is a very powerful source of information that can be collected with the help of various tools and techniques and used after analysis in order to make better and more efficient decisions. According to previous researchers, when it comes to automatically extracting information from the web, Selenium is always the best option, however, this library has many challenges. One of the challenges of using the Selenium library is its asynchronous and the other is the slowness of the Selenium library, which we are trying to investigate and improve in this article.

Research Question(s):

 How to improve the challenge of slowness and asynchronous of the Selenium library?

Literature Review:

Selenium library, which is one of the best web scripting tools, has been used in different studies and with different purposes. This library is a free, open-source automated testing framework used to verify web applications across multiple platforms and browsers. Various programming languages ​​such as Java, C#, and Python can be used to create Selenium test scripts (Teotia et al., 2023). But despite its many advantages, selenium also has disadvantages, including: 1. Slowness, 2. Brittleness, 3. Flakiness, 4. Maintainability, 5. Asynchronous, 6. Time-consuming, 7. Cross-browser, 8. failure analysis, 9. Infrastructure, 10. Scalability, 11. Assertability, 12. Documentation and 13. Support (Leotta et al., 2023).

The first thing we examined in the Selenium library is the lack of time management. Time management actually refers to the fact that the waiting time for downloading information from the web platform in this library is not known. To solve the problem of slowness andasynchronous of the Selenium library, we have used a solution that includes three different steps:Step 1) According to the manual checks, first we define the variable t1:t1 = 0.5 where t1 is the value used in the sleep function (time required to open the main page in normal mode).Step 2) We use the while loop and try, except inside it. If the page does not open after 3 seconds, or after 6 attempts with different sleep times, the desired page and products do not appear, the error of the site not being available or the internet being slow will be printed:t1 = 0.5 try:while t1 <= 3:try:driver.get("""The Study site""") # to open the page time.sleep(t1) # Waiting for the page to open # Code related to page scrolling time.sleep(t1) # Waiting for information to be displayed after scrolling # Information collection codes except:t1 += 0.5 Except:print('The internet speed is very slow or the intended site is down')In this code, the program with time t1=0.5 first tries to display the page information in full and if it fails, it adds half a second to t1 and this repetition continues up to 6 times. If the page is displayed in full, we use the new value of t1 for the next pages.Step 3) If the page opens, we will enter the third step, which is related to collecting the basic information of the products and we must avoid the problem of asynchronous.At this stage, according to the existence of five different types of information (such as product name, price, amount of discount, price after discount, type of discount) of each product, we first define five different and empty lists for product information.Then, with the help of commands related to information collection, we take the information about each product and put it in the corresponding list. Then we run the following script to prevent wrong items in the list: check1 =  [[product_prices], [product_off], [product _prices2], [Product_off_type] ]for j in range(0,4):if len(product_name) < check1[len[j]]:  product_name.append(‘error’)elif len(product_name) > check1[len[j]]:check[j].append(‘error’) In other words, after taking the information of a product and adding them to the predefined main lists, the program calculates the number of items in the existing lists with the help of the len function and puts them in the checklist. Then, with the help of the for loop, the length of each list is compared with the rest of the lists, and if the number of items in a list is low, the word "error" is added to it.

In order to evaluate the solutions presented in this research, we have reviewed the information related to supplementary drugs on the DigiKala site, which was almost 3000 different medicines, 13 times on 13 different dates, from September 23, 2023, to March 15, 2024. In this study, the codes written in order to retrieve information from the mentioned site were executed the first time with the proposed solution and the second time without the proposed solution, and in each execution, both the time of information retrieval and the number of information related to each list or the same column was recorded and compared with each other, and the error rate and its percentage were calculated based on the difference in the time of information collection in the first and second execution and the difference in the number of information collected for each column in the first and second execution. After the implementation and use of the proposed solution, the investigations show that the accuracy and correctness of the collected information have increased compared to not using the proposed solution, and the time of information collection has also improved.

In this article, we studied and evaluated the challenges of being slow, time-consuming and asymmetric of the Selenium library. Our studies were conducted using the Python programming language. Studies show that it is very important to use the solution of checking the list and the same length of the list at the end of the collection of each product from the web platform, so that not using it in 12 out of 13 cases of information collection from the web platform makes us encountered an error. Also, using a constant value for the sleep function significantly increases the time to retrieve information compared to using a variable value for it. In general, the findings show that the use of the proposed solution when using the Selenium library in order to extract information from the web platform helps to increase the accuracy of the information and also improves the time of complete information retrieval from the web platform.

The main objective of the research is to study and analyze the function and role of libraries during the Safavid dinasty.

According to the nature of the research, a library method based on books, manuscripts, and first-hand (primary) documents, has been used.

The present study shows that in general, two distinct periods can be considered in the life and function of Safavid libraries. The first period, which is related to the 16th century and the reign of Shah Ismail and part of the time of Shah Tahmasb, is a continuation of the role and function of the 15th century libraries, especially the Timurid libraries in Khurasan, where the main task of libraries is to produce and create exquisite manuscripts using the highest level of book design arts. The second approach was to pay attention to libraries in the position of preserving and maintaining the written works of Shiite scholars and jurists, which is considered a significant change in the role and function of important libraries of this period. In this regard, a fundamental change took place in Shia jurisprudential-theological texts, most of which were written by scholars who had migrated to Iran from the Jabal Amel region of Lebanon. The transfer of the personal libraries of this group of immigrant scholars caused many Arabic works to be transferred to Iran. In addition to this kind of texts, attention to Persian language as the language of writing jurisprudential-religious works and used by the public is one of the other features of this period. In addition to the necessity of the time and the need of the Safavid government to gain legitimacy and explain the jurisprudence principles of the Shia religion by using the books and treatises that appeared, including authoring, translating, summarizing and rewriting, another factor was also raised, which was: the negative view from some jurisprudential thoughts to the category of painting, which specifically caused Shah Tahmasb to close the art workshop of his royal library in Qazvin. The change of the capital from Qazvin to Isfahan was also formed in a context affected by these developments. In Isfahan, Shah Abbas committed himself to the establishment of the royal library, which was located in the building complex known as Dowlatkhaneh. In addition, he and his great contemporary scholar, Sheikh Bahai, by taking advantage of the tradition of endowment, gave increasing prosperity to the libraries of the holy shrines, which in particular should be the important collections dedicated to the mausoleum of Sheikh Safi in Ardabil and the library of Imam Reza Shrine in Mashhad (Astan-e Quds-e Razavi). Despite the variety of works that later influenced the collection of the Astan-e Quds library, most of the works available in that place and in other libraries of the second Safavid period, were dedicated to religious and jurisprudential texts, which are generally found in the libraries of schools, mosques, and holy shrines or personal collections were kept.

The function and position of libraries during Safavid period can be seen in two different ways. In the first, the continuation of the function of the libraries was like the previous period, in which the main task of the libraries was to create exquisite manuscripts by using the well-known painters, calligraphers, and book designers. In the second stage, more attention was paid to libraries as a place to preserve the written works of Shiite scholars and jurists, which is considered a significant change in the role and performance of important libraries of this period.

Libraries are information centers that are considered as essential elements of sustainable development and in this direction, they are evolving to respond to information needs and create a dynamic and sustainable society. The present study was conducted with the aim of evaluating the components of the green library in the libraries of Astan Quds Razavi.

The current research is of an applied type using a survey-descriptive method. The statistical population of 201 officials and experts of the Astan Quds Razavi Libraries, Museums and Documentation Center includes the central library and 59 affiliated libraries, and the data collection tool is a researcher-made questionnaire. SPSS software was used to analyze the findings.

It showed that the condition of the library building and equipment is at an average level with an average of 2.75 and is not in a good condition. The status of green management and planning in Astan Quds library is at a favorable level with an average of 3.48 and the status of education, awareness and culturalization of environmental issues to the community and employees in Astan Quds library is at a favorable level with an average of 3.49 and 3.45 respectively.

The results of the current research make libraries aware of the current situation. Libraries can achieve sustainability by adopting green building designs, green practices, literacy programs, and the use of green technologies. Considering that libraries are an important platform for achieving sustainable development and creating green culture and thinking in the society, they should be the focus of the green movement. Hence, libraries can continuously expand their programs and serve as role models for an environmentally friendly and sustainable environment. Libraries should move towards offering their information resources as green goods; that is, resources that take care of the environment and nature by saving energy, resources, or reducing and eliminating the use of toxic agents, pollution, and waste, or improving its condition, and are green consumers themselves. And, those who support businesses are using environmentally friendly practices. The library should form a green committee and take steps to increase green practices. This committee can also convey green awareness to other library staff and users. To create an environmentally friendly library, staff and users must be aware of the necessity of a balanced environment. In this regard, considering the important role and mission of libraries in educating the society, librarians should participate in preserving the environment with creativity and innovation.

This study aimed to analyze and examine the use of data mining techniques in the recommender system of digital libraries and information centers. By analyzing the behavioral patterns of digital library users and providing detailed suggestions, the data mining approach in this system makes it unnecessary for them to review unrelated data during the search. This not only leads to an increase in users' information requests but also significantly enhances their satisfaction with the provision of digital library services.

The current research was an analytical study of cross-sectional survey type and content analysis. This method collected the required data in four stages, and its output was analyzed using a data mining technique. Using content analysis, as in the first stage, a list of the number of transactions of user requests for books, including user IDs, manuscript titles, manuscript identification code numbers in the digital library system (manuscript database), the organization of libraries, Museums and Documents Center of Astan Quds Razavi were investigated. The data were arranged as a user column and an item (book) row. In the second step, the preprocessed raw data was further transformed into a user-item matrix, which is zero and one. In the third stage, the data output was implemented and executed using data mining technology and the implementation of association rules and FP-Growth  algorithm on RapidMiner software) and confidence (the confidence level in the desired result) were tested. In the fourth stage, the accuracy and correctness of the proposed system plan were presented.

The output of this research revealed that the association rules have a confidence level above 50% and can determine the user's access patterns, which is the best way to access the generated datasets by setting the minimum support level of 2% and the minimum confidence level of 95%, leading to 1081 new rules with conditional algorithms (if-then). If a user selects topics such as (the science of principles, Ijtihad, tradition, etc.) during the search in the digital library software, due to the history of repeated searches by previous users with the same topics by the recommender system, then titles related to the subject of principles of jurisprudence will be suggested. Also, the proof of the correctness of the proposed model showed that the first and last ones created from the new laws had thematic similarities with each other.

This study showed that various data mining techniques with the application of association rules and the implementation of the FP-Growth algorithm have high efficiency and accuracy and are suitable for analyzing the data of digital libraries and information centers to create recommender systems in order to predict user requests and make effective suggestions. One of its practical concepts is to provide a platform to significantly enhance the quality of two-way interaction between librarians and users, thereby providing optimal and beneficial services, and also to create a suitable opportunity to improve the attitude and perspective of managers in order to provide information resources that meet the real needs of users.

This study aims to identify, categorize and analyze the components of social responsibility in Iranian public libraries. Specifically, it seeks to determine the extent to which these components are realized within Iranian public libraries.

This research employed a mixed-methods approach, combining both qualitative and quantitative methods. In the qualitative phase, through a review of English-language research articles, the components of social responsibility in public libraries were identified and categorized into 5 primary dimensions and 11 sub-categories. A conceptual model was designed using a concept sorting method. In the quantitative phase, a questionnaire was developed based on the identified components. Content validity was established using the Content Validity Index (CVI), with a mean CVI of .80 per item. Reliability was assessed through the split-half method, yielding a Spearman-Brown coefficient of .891. Data collection occurred between January 2023 - June 2023. The sample size was calculated to be approximately 160 participants using Cochran's formula. Then, a systematic sampling technique was employed to select 80 participants from Hosseiniyeh Ershad Library and another 80 from Park-e Shahr Library, both located in Tehran. Data collection spanned a period of 45 days. For data analysis, a variety of statistical tests were utilized, including binomial tests, Mann-Whitney U tests, Kruskal-Wallis tests, and structural equation modeling.

The study revealed a complex structure of social responsibility in public libraries, composed of five primary dimensions and eleven secondary dimensions. These dimensions include popularization of critical rationality, encompassing critical thinking and historical awareness; responsiveness, characterized by reasoned argumentation and a commitment to justice; dialogical rationality, emphasizing freedom of expression and inclusive dialogue; social inspiration, fostering social art and literature; and socialization, promoting privacy, community integration, and public awareness. The findings indicated a general gap between the expected and actual levels of social responsibility in the studied libraries. While no significant differences were observed between the responses of users from the two libraries, demographic factors such as age and income influenced perceptions of social responsibility. Younger individuals (aged 31-40) were less likely to perceive social inspiration as fulfilled, while those with higher incomes (10-15 million Tomans per month) reported lower levels of satisfaction in critical rationality, social inspiration and socialization. The results of structural equation modeling indicated that the paths of critical rationality, social inspiration, and socialization were the only significant paths in the model, meaning that dialogical rationality is a factor influencing social inspiration, and the combined effect of these two factors influences socialization. Furthermore, dialogical rationality had the most powerful indirect effect on socialization, suggesting that popularization of dialogical rationality is the most prioritized social responsibility of public libraries.

Originality/Value: 

This research contributes to the field by providing a comprehensive framework for understanding the components of social responsibility in public libraries. Additionally, it highlights the significance of dialogic rationality in achieving the broader goals of social responsibility within these institutions.

School libraries, as key centers in the learning process, face significant weaknesses in engaging and involving students. Consequently, many students distance from libraries, leading to a weak learning process and a decline in the quality of virtual education. The purpose of this research is to determine the role of school libraries in fostering student engagement within the context of virtual education.

The approach of the current research is qualitative and its method is meta-synthesis. The research population consists of 95 articles about the role of school libraries in student engagement in the process of virtual education, which were published in reputable scientific journals between 2000 and 2023. The research sample includes 50 articles that were purposefully collected and selected based on thematic analysis. Data were collected from the qualitative analysis of the studied articles.

Data analysis identified six key roles for school libraries in enhancing student engagement: accessibility of content and tools, information consultation and reference services, teaching information and media literacy, professional development for teachers, teacher collaboration and communication, and integration of new technologies. These roles are associated with educational strategies that can foster student engagement. This study found that school librarians collaborate with classroom teachers to plan student homeworks and conduct collaborative teaching and assessment. Previous research has also highlighted the importance of cooperation between school librarians and teachers. Librarians can share their expertise in emerging technologies with teachers and, through their teaching partnerships, guide educators towards tools and platforms that can be effectively integrated into lessons. Moreover, effective professional development can empower teachers to become technology leaders. Regarding the tools, knowledge and support necessary for teachers in virtual education, educators can enhance their ability to apply skills and knowledge in emerging and advanced technologies. These technologies enable them to locate, evaluate and ethically use information. To strengthen the study, specific examples relevant to educational goals should be provided. On the one hand, the present study showed that content/technology, student and teacher are the three main elements of virtual education. On the other hand, engagement is the main goal of education in the 21st century. Educational engagement is the concept of active participation of students in the education process and an important factor in educational progress, which is associated with the emotional components of passion, motivation and energy. In other words, educational engagement is the quality of effort that students spend on purposeful educational activities that lead to improved learning achievement. Also, in all educational courses, especially in the virtual education process, interaction can increase the efficiency and effectiveness of the educational process and, as a result, engage students. The school library plays an important role in creating a bridge between students and teachers and content, as well as engaging students. A school library can create a communication bridge through information literacy education. Student relationships with the library are enriched through multimedia assignments that enhance student learning. Technology creates more opportunities to deepen student engagement with the library through more and more meaningful contacts with librarians. In all the roles played by the school library, including teacher, consultant, information specialist, and leadership, the basic role of the school library is the relationship builder. Therefore, school library efforts should be focused on helping to create a supportive culture that fosters student success and learning, because active and engaging libraries play a vital role in education.

Originality/value: 

This research has comprehensively examined the role of school libraries in fostering student engagement within the context of virtual education. The findings of this study can serve as a valuable resource for administrators, teachers and librarians seeking to understand the significance and function of school libraries in the field of virtual learning. This research offers a novel contribution by comprehensively examining the multifaceted role of school libraries in fostering student engagement within the virtual education landscape. By employing a qualitative meta-synthesis approach and analyzing a substantial dataset of articles, the study identifies six key functions of school libraries in promoting student engagement, expanding upon previous research. Moreover, the research underscores the critical importance of school librarians as collaborative partners with teachers in creating the engaging and effective virtual learning environments. This study fills a knowledge gap by providing a deep understanding of the strategies and practices implemented to enhance student engagement through school library services, ultimately leading to improved educational outcomes. Given the high cost of information resources, inadequate infrastructure and limited school budgets, it is recommended that non-governmental organizations provide support to strengthen and develop school libraries.

The presence of plants around us has many benefits, including reducing stress and creating positive energy in the work environment. But in the current worrying situation that has involved all people and organizations, it has become difficult to pay attention to the environment and the conditions of their maintenance and handling. On the other hand, maintaining plants and determining the optimal conditions for their maintenance requires a lot of time, money and knowledge. The Internet of Things creates a digital identity for all objects and collects information with its sensors and shares this information with appropriate objects and people at any time and place so that necessary actions can be taken; Therefore, the use of Internet of Things in the green library can solve the problem of people's time and knowledge in maintaining and creating a green and fresh environment and be effective in its potential and actual mission. To identify the applications of Internet of Things for the growth and maintenance of plants in the green library. In this research, documentary and library methods were used to collect and complete information. In the research, the use of Internet of Things in the green library has been discussed to determine the various components of plants, and at the end, the advantages and challenges of the implementation of the Internet of Things in the green library have been pointed out. The Internet of Things actually provides the best conditions for plants, the least damage to the environment while causing the least damage to library resources and users, but still, its implementation has challenges such as cost, lack of sufficient knowledge, interference, reliability, security and privacy, and insufficient network coverage and low internet speed.

The purpose of this research is to investigate the public roles of Mashhad in promoting the library's cultural identity and developing the social culture of users. This research is of a descriptive-survey type and is considered practical in terms of purpose. To achieve the mentioned goal, five sub-questions and one main question were considered. The statistical population of this research is all the members of Mashhad public libraries who were members in these libraries in 1402, the number of these members was 408,594, which was determined using Morgan's table and 400 people were determined by the available sampling method. The data collection tool is a questionnaire. The content of the questionnaire includes two sections of demographic and specialized questions, which consists of 38 questions. A five-point Likert scale was used to answer the questions. After collecting the necessary data and information through the questionnaire, data analysis was done on two descriptive and inferential levels using SPSS and EXCEL software. The results showed that the effectiveness of public libraries in Mashhad in promoting the cultural identity and developing the social culture of users is at the average level with a mean of 2.95 and a standard deviation of 0.8. Also, the average values of other questions evaluate the role of public libraries of Mashhad in expanding social culture with an average of 2.99, cultural and social education with an average of 3.01, and expanding cultural and social exchanges with an average of 2.97. Through the identified components, the impact of public libraries on the development of social culture, cultural and social education, and the development of cultural and social exchanges at the medium level, and the effectiveness of the librarians of these libraries in strengthening the cultural identity and the development of the social culture of the users were assessed as weak from the members' point of view. It is expected that the institution of public libraries, as the supervisor of these affairs, will contribute more efforts to the librarians.

The Internet of Things is a connected network consisting of several nodes and provides tools for more convenient use of library services, which in addition to improving library processes, increases efficiency and improves library services. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to identify the advantages and challenges of Internet of Things in libraries and information centers in order to provide a coherent classification and perspective for the future research of Internet of Things in these centers using a systematic review technique.

The current research is applied in terms of purpose and in terms of research, it is a qualitative study that was conducted using a systematic review technique. The method of conducting this research is that first the research problem was formulated and then the texts related to the purpose of the research were studied and then the search strategy was determined and then the data was extracted from Scopus and Weboscience databases. After retrieving 2335 documents from the two databases in question, the data were merged with each other and overlapping items were removed. Finally, the necessary components were identified from the 42 selected studies,

In this research, the advantages, challenges and type of technology used to use the Internet of Things in libraries and information centers were selected for the final analysis. According to the concepts obtained with the objectives of the research, each of them was categorized in a similar concept. Based on the findings, it was found that the advantages of Internet of Things in three categories, online service infrastructure including 8 concepts; Complex control infrastructure including 16 concepts, physical infrastructure including 7 concepts, and the challenges of using Internet of Things were placed in three categories of online service infrastructure including 7 concepts, complex control infrastructure including 8 concepts, physical infrastructure (building smartness) including 6 concepts, and technology RFID was the most widely used technology to implement the Internet of Things.

Internet of Things is one of the most appropriate technologies in the current era in providing services and controlling library systems due to its high capability in facilitating, controlling and high efficiency in services and work processes in libraries. But according to the results, the application of this technology is faced with challenges such as lack of sufficient equipment, financial and administrative costs, lack of expert staff to repair the equipment when it breaks down, lack of familiarity of librarians with this technology, and high costs for its maintenance. There is no doubt that the use of Internet of Things technology in libraries will create a better future for libraries, however, the degree of acceptance by libraries and the use of this technology in the library depends on the challenges faced by libraries in using How many libraries will welcome this technology. Therefore, the use of this technology in libraries requires reflection by the authorities in this regard. Therefore, the use of this technology in libraries requires reflection by the authorities in this regard.

This study aims to identify the marketing status of the information services provided by the Central Digital Library of Allameh Tabataba'i University using the 7P marketing mix model. To assess the effectiveness of the marketing strategies, a detailed analysis was conducted following this model, which evaluates the aspects of product, price, place, promotion, people, process, and physical evidence.

This research is classified as applied research in terms of its purpose. A descriptive method was employed to assess the marketing situation of the Central Digital Library of Allameh Tabatabai University, making it a case study. Data were collected using a survey method with a checklist. The research findings are expected to provide valuable insights into the current marketing strategies employed by the library.

According to the findings and observations made by the researchers in the Central Library of Allameh Tabataba'i University, as well as interviews with the librarians of the Digital Library Department of Allameh Tabataba'i University, the following results were obtained: 58.33% adherence to product marketing principles, 46.15% adherence to location marketing principles, 100% adherence to cost marketing principles, 88.88% adherence to user marketing principles, 55.55% adherence to physical evidence marketing principles, 62.50% adherence to process marketing principles, and 61.53% adherence to marketing promotional activities.

To determine the marketing status of the information services offered by the Central Digital Library of Allameh Tabataba'i University, the researchers conducted an investigation using a checklist based on the 7 principles of the 7P marketing model, which included 82 items. The results indicate that, on average, 61% of the marketing principles were observed in the Digital Library of Allameh Tabataba'i University.

Information literacy involves a range of skills such as recognizing information needs, understanding information production and value, and using information to generate new knowledge ethically. It is essential for individuals to locate, evaluate, and utilize information effectively to become lifelong learners. This research aims to investigate how education influences the information literacy abilities of out-of-school children in accessing digital libraries and databases.

This study utilized a Semi-experimental research design and survey method. Initial theoretical studies were conducted, and five information literacy standards were compared to develop a new pattern. The population consisted of 195 dropouts from two schools - Moshtaq in Kerman and Arslan Boys in Rafsanjan. The sample size of 120 individuals was selected using a simple random method, with 100 students completing the questionnaire. Survey data was analyzed before and after information literacy training over one semester using a checklist with five components and 15 indicators. Reliability was measured using Cronbach's alpha, which yielded a value of 0.851.

The study revealed that digital libraries and databases were available to a favorable extent, with a 2.935 percent availability rate. Prior to training, students showed a 2.125 percent proficiency in locating information in digital resources, which improved to 2.45 percent post-training. Additionally, students demonstrated an average skill level of 2.38 in utilizing full-text databases within digital libraries.

The research underscored the importance of education in enhancing information literacy skills, particularly in the areas of information retrieval and selection, database usage, and critical evaluation of online sources. Recommendations included teaching students how to identify reliable information sources, conduct effective information searches, and utilize various search operators for refining search results.Value: The novelty of the research lies in its examination of the Impact of Education on Information Literacy Skills of Dropout Students in Utilizing Digital Libraries and Databases through a Semi-experimental research design.

The purpose of this study is to propose evaluation criteria for assessing the user interface of national digital libraries for Payam Noor University. Payam Noor University's libraries have long preserved human culture and civilization, playing a significant role in the transmission of this culture through generations. As the main organization for a country's libraries, they must adapt to modern responsibilities to impact the development of libraries and information in the nation. Given the significance of designing a suitable user interface and the role of digital libraries at Payam Noor University, there is a need for research in this area. The study compares the user interface of digital libraries at Payam Noor University or selected digital collections with established criteria, identifying the richest library in terms of user interface within the studied community. The research questions include:1. What is the status of each studied digital library regarding the 10 user interface criteria?2. How well do the studied libraries adhere to the 10 user interface standards?3. What is the best user interface recommendation for the digital library web pages of Payam Noor University libraries?

Methods and Materoal:

The research uses a survey and descriptive method. The Norozi checklist (2018), which comprises 10 main criteria and 114 sub-components, serves as the research tool. A Delphi panel and descriptive survey method evaluate the libraries. Data collection is achieved through direct observation and scoring each component on the desired web page. The statistical population comprises 10 digital libraries affiliated with Payam Noor University in various countries. The final list of libraries was selected from those with English web pages, found through searches in Europe, North and South America, Asia, and the Pacific. The study's statistical population includes 10 digital libraries in America, Australia, France, Switzerland, New Zealand, Netherlands, Poland, Japan, India, and Italy. The research used the Delphi method and involved interviews with 10 experts. Some digital libraries with only the home page in English or in a non-English language were excluded. Similarly, certain cases, such as databases masquerading as digital libraries, were excluded as they did not meet the study's definition of a digital library.Descriptive statistical methods have been used to analyze the data of this research. The basis of data analysis was the check list, whose scores are based on yes (1) and no (0). Also, due to the quality of some of the sub-components, it was possible that the studied libraries did not comply with them equally, or in other words, absolute presence or absence could not be applied to them. Regarding these components, in addition to two levels of zero and one, 50% of the average score has also been used. The score obtained by each of the studied libraries in relation to each of the components is multiplied by the average of the coefficients obtained (weighted average) by the components from the Delphi panel. It should be noted that the weighted average of each of the components is given in the relevant tables in front of the sub-components related to each of the ten criteria. In the selection of tools, after reviewing the researches, the research of Norozi (2008) was chosen as the basis and it was adapted for the current research by using other researches. In preparing the desired list, he first extracted the most frequent criteria and components after studying the available texts and sources in this field, and then using the opinions of experts and using the method of list verification. This list was used for the present study because it was more complete and comprehensive in terms of the number of criteria to be evaluated and the components mentioned in the field of user interface of digital libraries.

In the first question, the issue was addressed to what extent is the status of each of the studied digital libraries in terms of the 10 user interface criteria. Out of 10 libraries under review, 8 libraries have managed to get more than 50% points. Digital Library of America with 598/68 points (70.42%), France with 573.56 points (62.09%) and Switzerland with 569.07 points (61.59%) are in the first three positions respectively. have The digital library of Italy is in the last place with 50.366 points (40.14%).In the second question, it was addressed to what extent each of the 10 criteria of the user interface is observed in the studied libraries. From the obtained information, it has been determined that among the 10 investigated standards, the standard of the user interface language has the highest level of compliance among the standards by obtaining 98.35% of the points of the standard. Another criterion that is in the next position is the criterion of simplicity. Compliance with the components of this standard also seems necessary in terms of facilitating the user's communication with the library in question. The criterion that has received the lowest possible score is the user control criterion, which has received only 6.70% of the score of this criterion. Due to the characteristic of digital libraries in eliminating human factors, there is a need for more consideration in this field. To answer this question, the average of all countries in compliance with each criterion is used.In the third question, it was discussed that what is the optimal user interface proposal for the digital library web pages for Payamnoor University libraries. However, by looking at the observed components, it is clear that most of the libraries have been successful in complying with the general criteria and most of the points obtained are related to the compliance with the general criteria that are of interest on the website pages and special attention is paid to the criteria that are in the scope of the duties of digital libraries. is not included due to the definitions. As seen in the previous questions, the standard of interface language has had the highest level of compliance. One of the reasons for observing the components of this standard in all libraries could be the fact that the language of these countries is not English, and for this reason, for the convenience and interaction of the user, we have tried to observe the writing notes related to the pages. Also, observing the writing points and brevity of the sentences is one of the important and main categories in the design of web pages. A successful digital library is a library that, despite the complexity of its system, can provide information to users simply and with the least amount of time. Also, by providing different options and facilities, it makes the user unnecessary to go to the library and provides the maximum amount of information for his community. More than half of the studied digital libraries, in the design of their user interface, have observed the evaluated criteria at a level of more than 50%, which should be taken into consideration by the digital libraries of Payam Noor University.

Digital libraries should be able to improve and accelerate information access methods. The existence of various components of search functionality facilitates this possibility. The existence of different search capabilities is effective in more user interaction. The interaction steps should be in such a way that the loading of the memory is low and short. Due to the fact that the information society is developing rapidly, the time validity of the information may also change rapidly, so one of the important things is to mention the date of updating on the pages of digital libraries. The non-activation of library links is another reason for the library not being up-to-date. Therefore, it is recommended to include the update date on all pages. One of the characteristics of digital libraries is self-service expansion, so appropriate library guidance helps in this goal. Another feature of digital libraries is the elimination of human factors. As a result, it is necessary to have options to ask the librarian. The digital library should be able to provide appropriate guidance to users to enable them to obtain the information they need in the desired formats. The use of a suitable combination of color, font, shading options to distinguish them from nearby options, the use of clear images and symbols, etc., all affect the user's understanding of the system, which has been observed relatively well in the studied libraries. But some options require more attention. Determining mandatory information entry fields allows the user to easily get the desired results, which, based on the findings of this research, has not been observed by any of the libraries. The use of graphics, sound and images is effective on the user's understanding and makes the environment more enjoyable. Personalization, because it identifies the user's needs and successfully solves them, establishes a satisfactory relationship between the user and the system, so in the design of digital libraries, one should be taken into account Users of a computerinformation system may be different in terms of physical and cognitive abilities, personality characteristics and cultural factors, and these differences should be considered in the design of user interface elements and features so that different groups of users can be satisfied with the computer system. None of the mentioned cases have been taken into consideration in the interface design of the studied libraries, which requires more consideration. Error correction criteria, although they are important for the user's interaction with the system and reducing the user's error during work, are very few in the interface design of the libraries. study, have been considered. The method of writing, announcing and designing error messages to attract the user's attention should be taken into account, considering the elimination of human factors.Users turning to the Internet due to the lack of enough time to visit libraries was one of the reasons for creating digital libraries. Digital libraries have facilitated and accelerated users' access to the required information in order to provide various facilities. But what realizes this goal is a suitable architecture and design in creating a digital library. If the needs of users, the type of society and other factors are taken into consideration in the design of digital libraries, it can be said that the library will reach the desired goals. Due to the fact that in the design of digital libraries, the discussion of user interface is very important in order to eliminate human factors, digital libraries should consider the features related to the user interface in their design. Due to the importance of this discussion, the user interface of different digital libraries need to be continuously evaluated. The present research also aimed to investigate this issue by: "Evaluating the user interface on the English web pages of selected national digital libraries based on the criteria found in the texts and sources". Conducting the research needed criteria so that the evaluation could be done through it. After examining the history related to the research in the field of digital library and user interface, it was observed that despite the studies conducted in the field of user interface, these studies were not conducted in a complete and comprehensive manner and different researchers each have only one or a limited number of criteria. had investigated in the field of different information systems. The only comprehensive work done was Norozi's doctoral thesis (2008) and the researcher finally decided to use his model in the current research. Then, all 114 desired components were evaluated by direct observation on the web pages of the libraries under review. By looking at the observed components, it is clear that most of the libraries have been successful in complying with the general criteria and most of the points obtained are related to the compliance with the general criteria and more than half of the national digital libraries under study, in the design of their user interface, have evaluated the criteria. At a level of more than 50%, it is suggested that the digital libraries of Payam Noor University also use these criteria for more success. Based on the findings of the research, in order to improve the user interface of digital libraries, suggestions are provided for Payam Noor libraries:1. In addition to observing the general components of the search, it seems necessary to observe the specific components such as proximity search, related keyword suggestion, marking of the search results, in order to save the user's time. And this should be seen in the libraries of Payam Noor University.2. The existence of the site map facilitates the use of the library for the user.3. Information display criteria should be given more attention in order to make system information accessible.4. Reducing the time spent by the user and attracting and maintaining the user need attention. Users expect the elements on the first page to be important, so the existence of a site map, and access to pages with many visitors, are among the necessities.5. In the design of the user interface of digital libraries, in addition to the criteria that are considered in the design of public websites, special criteria should be given special attention.

Future libraries may be significantly different from what is currently observed. The concept of a "smart library" could serve as a new and appropriate name for them. A smart library is an option to stay in the game and defend the essential assets of the library in the future smart society. The aim of the present study is to explore the dimensions and components of smart libraries by examining and analyzing texts in the field of smart libraries.

This qualitative research was conducted using the meta-synthesis method based on the seven-step model of Sandelowski and Barroso. Relevant scientific articles and publications on smart libraries were searched in reputable scientific databases without time and language restrictions, and a total of 1800 articles were retrieved. After removing duplicate titles and irrelevant articles, 194 articles were finally analyzed to identify the dimensions and components of smart libraries. Content analysis of texts was also performed using the MAXQDA software.

A total of 4336 codes were identified based on the content analysis of 194 articles. The identified codes were categorized into 8 dimensions and 76 components. These dimensions include technology, services, people, resources, space, governance and management, legal, ethical, social, cultural, political, innovation and creativity.

Although technology serves as the main factor and infrastructure of smart libraries, attention should be paid to other dimensions such as services, people, space, resources, governance and management, legal, ethical, social, cultural, political, innovation, and creativity in the design of smart libraries. However, it should be noted that in the design and implementation of a smart library, attention should be paid to the existing needs, facilities, equipment, and budget required. Each library may have different needs and resources that need to be considered. Therefore, the implementation of smart libraries requires a multidimensional approach that encompasses various key components.

The aim of the present research examine the researches related to digital libraries and distance and digital education services to identify the basic issues of this field and to introduce the digital library reference model for the development of a collaborative model in digital libraries.This research is a review type that was conducted using the library method and the articles on this topic were studied in the English and Persian databases. The findings showed that the three main policy concepts, content and architecture, are considered critical success factors for the implementation of digital libraries in distance and digital open education, which are strategic planning and policy development, digital content and information services, and infrastructure. Technology and skills development have been adapted.According to the findings, it is concluded that the collaborative model for implementing digital libraries in open distance and digital education (ODDE) can ensure that digital libraries are jointly designed, which leads to wider adoption and use in open distance and digital education. Also, digital libraries can increase the sense of cooperation and culture of knowledge sharing to improve learning and teaching and communication between learners and teachers.

The present research with the aim change the mission of public libraries from "book lending institutions" to "social centers" and provide personalized intelligent services to users by applying data mining methods. The current research has been carried out with the aim of identifying the applications of data mining in public libraries with regard to different dimensions, including service analysis, quality analysis, collection analysis and application analysis, as well as determining the functions and techniques of data mining. The search algorithm for this scoping review is designed based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) flowchart following the steps of the methodological framework of Arksey & O'Malley. Using Endnote, as the information resources management software, 32 duplicate articles and 395 articles as a result of (non)compliance with the purpose or inclusion and exclusion criteria of the research were removed from the total number of 438 studies. Ten main articles in English and two related main articles in Persian were finalized and finally 13 articles have been selected. The application of data mining in public libraries is very wide and can be used as a powerful tool in the fields of management, reference services, organization, storage and retrieval, information, marketing, budget and collection building. In general, the findings of the current research indicate that the subject of data mining applications in providing services and functions of public libraries has received little attention in researches. Data mining of users' data, makes it possible to identify the resources and topics with the highest demand and, as a result, prepare a set of desirable books and resources for delivery to users. Therefore, by recognizing the needs and preferences of users, it is possible to prioritize library information resources and improve the services provided to users, including the borrowing process, fast and effective search system, personalization and customized provision of services, and the entire process of communicating with users. As a result, the necessity of data mining in public libraries is recognized as an important tool for identifying the library's strengths and weaknesses, improving management processes and improving the performance and upgrading of library services consistent with the needs of users, optimizing resources and identifying the needs of diverse users. The current research debuts a point for future researchers to use appropriate data mining functions and techniques for evaluation purposes in public libraries according to their specific needs.

The purpose of this study is to design a conceptual model for the application of semantic-social technology in digital libraries in Iran.

This applied research was conducted using Delphi and analytical survey methods. The tool used was a researcher-made questionnaire, which included three parts: the structure of semantic-social technology architecture, semantic-social technology tools, and the function of semantic-social technology. Descriptive statistics, structural equation modeling and partial least squares modeling (PLS-SEM) were used to analyze the statistical data.

In the final research model, most items had a high factor loading and in the main components of the research, including the architecture structure of semantic-social technology, tools of semantic-social technology and the function of semantic-social technology, important items from the perspective of the research community were identified. Accordingly, in the architectural structure of semantic-social technology, the use of RDF schema to describe and describe RDF-based resources, the use of SIOC technology to link blogs, forums and mailing lists had the highest factor loading. Also, in the part of semantic-social technology tools, in the final conceptual model research, video mashups and map mashups had a higher factor loading than others. In the functional part of semantic-social technology, using the URL standard to identify and locate a resource in digital libraries and retrieval function, using RDF tools and using Sub and Super techniques between concepts to retrieve information faster has the highest factor loading. Moreover, in the parts of data and resources and content, the use of RDF tools to exploit multimedia and non-textual resources due to the diversity of available information and in the function of organization and storage, the use of ontology to manage digital resources had higher factor loading. In addition, in the interaction function, the items of communication between the chain of information producers, collectors and users through social semantic web tools had the highest amount of factor loading.

Concusion: 

Considering the results obtained in the proposed model of this research and the items that have gained a high factor loading in the proposed conceptual model, shows that in semantic-social technology in digital library software, what makes this technology progress and success is the correct creation of digital library software. The basis of digital library standards, attention to the XML markup language, Dublin Core, etc. and its integration with semantic tools such as Web 2.0, hashtags and folksonomy, metadata, etc. in line with social technologies such as social networks, mashups, etc.

Considering the importance of small businesses in the economy and the role and extent of public libraries in providing services, this research was conducted to design a model and examine the level of readiness of public libraries in Khouzestan province in facilitating and developing small businesses.

This research is applied in terms of purpose, in terms of the method of data collection, it is a survey-type descriptive research, and in terms of the nature of the data, it is an exploratory-type mixed study, which was carried out with the thematic analysis technique. In the qualitative section, factors were first identified using snowball sampling and conducting 14 interviews. The validity of these factors was confirmed with the content validity ratio (CVR) index and their qualitative reliability was confirmed through Felice's Kappa coefficient test. In the quantitative part, a questionnaire consisting of extracted qualitative factors was distributed among 173 public library librarians in Khuzestan province. Then, using the SWOT matrix analysis model, the factors were categorized into two internal categories (strengths and weaknesses) and external factors (opportunities and threats).

This research shows results in 4 dimensions of internal factors including "resources and services", "manpower", "marketing and advertising" and "technology and space"; and 4 dimensions of external factors including "laws and regulations", "management attitudes", "training" and "communications and interactions". From the total of 17 components that were examined in 4 dimensions of internal factors, 1 strength point and 9 weakness points were observed, and the remaining 7 factors were in an average situation, which gives an average of 2.389. On the other hand, the public libraries of Khuzestan province are faced with 2 opportunities and 9 threats out of 19 investigated factors in 4 dimensions of external factors and the other 8 factors have an average status and an average of 2.482 for external factors. It turns out that the situation is relatively favorable, and the overall average obtained for all components and dimensions under investigation is 2.438, which indicates a relatively favorable situation.

Small businesses can use the services of public libraries to start and develop. However, the public libraries of Khuzestan are in relatively favorable conditions to support and facilitate small businesses. For this reason, to support these businesses, first and foremost, this should become part of the mission and goal of Khuzestan public libraries. If business support becomes part of the value system and mission of public libraries, a dynamic and business-supporting library may be created in that system and mission.

In spite that Iran's law has undergone changes throughout the history, its connection with jurisprudence is as strong as in the past, as it refers to jurisprudential rules in searching and processing legal rules. Due to the fact that voluntary activities in libraries are new topics, therefore, in the legal examination of it, the mentioned rules will definitely be referred to, but how to apply these rules in legal examinations in general and in the examination of voluntary activities in libraries in particular, has not been studied so far. The present research tries to show that jurisprudence rules can be used in legal examination only with a certain framework.

The required data was collected using the library method and analysis with jurisprudential and legal logic and balanced use of rational perceptions. The scope of legal studies is limited to Iranian law and the scope of jurisprudence studies is limited to Imami jurisprudence.

The activity of the "rule of beneficence", was concluded that voluntarily activities in libraries means that a person who undertakes such an activity cannot be blamed for the results of these activities, since his work is beneficial. The "rules of action" indicates that since the person has denied the right of receiving salary with his own will, the library will not be responsible for the denial of salary entitlement.

Application of the two mentioned rules in the legal review is not absolute and includes religious and rational framework. Its religious framework is derived from the relevant rational that if these two rules cause harm, they are not attributed to the religious legislator. The rational framework is the result of rational perception that does not allow the application of these two rules to have unfair results. Therefore, it cannot be considered responsible for a person conducting voluntary activity in one hand and the library organization on the other hand in the legal review of voluntary activity in Iranian libraries, referring to the above jurisprudential rules. The lack of a framework for jurisprudential rules in their legal use, especially in new matters such as voluntary activities in Iranian libraries, causes their implementation without any restrictions, while this application and lack of restrictions may not be intended by the Sharia and customary legislators. It is not intended by the parties for voluntary activities in libraries and may cause violation of Sharia, moral, human and rational principles. If the mentioned framework is taken into consideration, we will not have any shari'a and moral inconsistency in the use of jurisprudential rules in legal review. Iranian law researchers believe that all dimensions of jurisprudential rules are predetermined and no longer require research. But the fact that, this is not the case, and an important matter such as how to use them and their frameworks has not been researched so far. The present research is the first research regarding the application of jurisprudential rules in Iran's legal reviews and the legal review of voluntary activities in Iranian libraries. Therefore, the continuation of research in this direction is strongly suggested.