grounded theory method

Achievement of the present with the goal of an influential factory with a monthly production of Qashm in order to look at the selection of a monthly narration. In order to understand this perspective, I have begun to examine the various dimensions of the monthly news issue and its connection with the monthly narrative rule. Reading of the type of book in the field, i.e., in the field of Buda and where it is located, reading of the type of book it contains. In order to maintain its composition and factor, it is influential in this way and is variable based on extensive investigative studies and on the basis of this, economic, environmental, physical, social, legal and administrative factors. This factory has a fixed address, and the username is imported. This is a basic method for analyzing the path of the data, as a complete statement of all the variables, such as reviewing the severity of the impact of the administrative data on a monthly basis in a monthly database in Qashm for this purpose. Here, an economic variable (EQ) determines the impact of a monthly transaction on a monthly government account. This is my administrative, social, and environmental policy. The same as the beginning (it has the order of the path tax with a percentage of 0.491, 0.453, 0.309, 0.291 and the magnitude of t=5.08, t=2.71, t=2.31 and t=1.99) in the rank of this dimension, Darand decision.

Migration is undoubtedly one of the most significant socio-economic changes in human history, especially in recent years. With the growth of technology and increased connectivity, we have witnessed an increase in the speed and volume of migration in various forms. For this reason, experts, considering the importance of this phenomenon in demographic and social transformations, have referred to migration as the "third demographic transition" and have named the era the "Age of Migration" to emphasize its significance. Like many other countries, Iran has not been immune to internal migration flows and has witnessed this trend throughout its history. Internal migration in the country has tended towards concentrated population centers and large cities such as Isfahan. A study of internal migration in Iran shows that improvements in public health and the control of infectious diseases have significantly altered Iran’s population over the past century. Coupled with declining fertility rates, internal migration has become an increasingly important factor in shaping Iran’s population dynamics. Consequently, in the current circumstances of the country, internal migration can be considered one of the most significant determinants of population growth rates at the provincial and county levels in Iran. Census data from various periods show high growth rates in large population centers, while less populated areas experience negative and sometimes rapid population decline. For instance, the urban population of Isfahan province accounted for 6.5% of the country's total population in 1996, while the rural population of the province accounted for 4.3%. In 2016, these shares changed to 6.4% for urban areas and 2.9% for rural areas, respectively. This indicates that rural areas in the province have lost their share of the country's population at a rapid pace. A similar trend is observed among Isfahan province, one of the major population centers, and its neighboring provinces, with a significant number of migrants from these provinces move to Isfahan annually. This trend has sometimes resulted in negative and accelerated growth rates in surrounding provinces. Therefore, this research seeks to answer the following questions: "What are the causes and underlying conditions of migration to Isfahan province, and what are the consequences of this migration trend from neighboring provinces to Isfahan? Finally, what are the appropriate implementation strategies that can be proposed for the local conditions of Isfahan province?"

This research employed a qualitative approach, specifically grounded theory, utilizing a systematic framework. Research data were collected through direct field observation and semi-structured individual interviews. Initially, field observations were conducted to gain a comprehensive understanding of the research area. Following preliminary analyses, semi-structured individual interviews were conducted with experts, professors, specialists, and activists in relevant fields. It is worth noting that field observations continued concurrently with the interviews throughout the study. The duration of the interviews and observations was seven months (June 2023 to December 2023). Purposeful sampling was used in this study, and ultimately, 24 individuals were interviewed until theoretical saturation was achieved. For data analysis, the three-stage coding method of grounded theory was applied. In open coding, the transcribed text of the interviews was coded line by line. In axial coding, core categories were derived based on constant comparative analysis and integrated within a paradigmatic model. In selective coding, the core category was extracted, and its linkages to other core categories were examined.

Data coding was conducted systematically following Strauss and Corbin's approach, involving open coding, axial coding, and selective coding. These coding procedures were based on causal conditions, contextual conditions, intervening conditions, strategies, and consequences. The process of data analysis and findings are presented below.Causal Conditions: Causal conditions were identified, encompassing 81 open codes, 15 subcategories, and ultimately converging into two main categories: destination attractions/narratives and networks, and push factors.Contextual Conditions: 22 open codes were identified for contextual conditions, and the categories of "changing conditions at the origin" and "expectation of a low cost of living at the destination" were considered contextual conditions.Intervening Conditions: These categories were classified into three main categories: "macro-level orientations exacerbating migration "anonymity and "a more suitable environment for the attraction and interaction of workers and employers. These categories accounted for 19 open codes.Strategies: Based on the analysis of the present research data, "policymaking and planning" "identifying the capacity for redistribution of residence" and "prioritizing migration research and education" are the migration management strategies in Isfahan province. Each of these strategies has 40 open codes.Consequences: The consequences of migration include "socio-cultural consequences "economic consequences and "environmental consequences. Each of these consequences.

Migration is one of the three primary drivers of demographic change, and in recent years, with a relative decrease in birth and death rates, it has played an increasingly significant role in the redistribution of population within regions. This redistribution and population displacement often have consequences that can challenge the security of both the host community and migrants. Accordingly, this research aims to investigate the factors and causes of migration and its consequences in Isfahan province, one of the major destination provinces for migrants. The findings indicate that migration to Isfahan province continues due to destination attractions, push factors from surrounding areas, and narratives and networks. This trend is exacerbated by other factors, ultimately leading to an increase in migration and a mismatch with the capacity and infrastructure of Isfahan province, resulting in numerous crises and challenges due to this population increase. Crises such as urban poverty, crime, prostitution, smuggling, insecurity, ethnic conflicts, social exclusion, and enhance can be categorized into three broad dimensions: economic, socio-cultural, and environmental. Each of these issues and challenges can threaten the security of both the host community in Isfahan province and the migrants. Therefore, we need a comprehensive overhaul of internal population redistribution based on environmental capacities at the national level. This redistribution can be achieved through various policies such as providing necessary incentives and penalties to achieve population sustainability and environmental sustainability at both the national and regional levels.

Today, managerial decentralization in urban development processes through the formulation of laws and processes in developed or developing countries is seriously discussed.Attention to participation in urban management has a major role in solving many problems and urban issues, and accordingly,one of the high priorities of urban management is to create opportunities for public participation.

Objective of the research:

The aim of the present study is to study the Grounded Theory,Organizing urban management through citizen participation(Case study:Zahedan city).

The present study in terms of purpose, Applied research and has a descriptive-analytical nature, also in terms of method, is in the group of qualitative research.Data collection method was interview and grounded theory method was used to analyze the data. Sample size for interviewing experts in the framework of theoretical saturation and using Targeted Sampling,20experts (specialists, university professors and Zahedan city managers), was selected.

Geographical area of research:

Includes the city of Zahedan in the province of Sistan and Baluchestan.

From the results of the interviews, 16 categories and 50semantic units were extracted, which were divided into three categories of conditions(Causal, contextual and intervening).The results showed that these three conditions along with each other have caused citizens not to participate in urban management.

The general results show that in order to deal with the lack of citizen participation in urban management, strategies should be used(use of mass media,creating new opportunities in the field of communication with urban management, economy with a plan or strategic economy,etc.)should be used.

 The importance of social capital in recent decades has led the theoretical literature of urban planning to research the physical factors affecting social capital in urban environments. However, relatively few studies have been carried out concerning this concept in Iran`s urban planning field. Considering the neglect of this concept in the theoretical literature in the past decades, it seems necessary to pay attention to and redefine it in current urban planning studies. Discovering and understanding the factors affecting social capital can lead to the introduction of urban planning tools that will help create and promote social capital in urban neighborhoods of Iran in today's conditions.

 In order to answer the research questions in the studied area, the qualitative method of grounded theory has been used. This method focuses on understanding reality within the research situation and building a situated theory. Based on research method and in response to the "what" question of the research, it has tried to discover the physical components of the studied location that impact the processes of social capital production in local communities. To answer the "how" question of the research, the relationship between the physical components and the constructive components of social capital in the context of the study has been interpreted.

 The findings show that the existence of public spaces, major activity centers, streets, and special pedestrian spaces and paying attention to the characteristics and role of paths can be considered the most effective physical tools for promoting social capital in the Rudaki neighborhood. Finally, the main result of this research confirms that the creation and promotion of social capital are closely related to the improvement of the physical structure of the neighborhoods in the direction of creating a platform for providing physical and mental needs and facilitating the social actions of the residents.

Regional development is a multi-dimensional event that has been affected by many factors and components. This event can have a plenty outcome at different territorial and sectoral dimension. As a practical and research objective of this study, on the one hand pattern exploration development and regional balance and on the other hand explore factors, strategies and effect of explored pattern, are the main objectives of this study. Moreover, the methodology of this study is based on inductive approach and qualitative analysis of data with usage of data gathering tools such as questionnaire, interview, observation, and it contains one hundred and eleven codes, thirteen concepts and four categories with use of open, axial and optional coding. The result of this study shows that fundamental phenomenon of pattern exploration and analyzed regional balancing of Selseleh plan, contain integrated development patterning and its localization. This phenomenon is national and regional spatial reflection will, in this regard integrated development patterning and its factor with adapting empower spatial strategy of local workforce leads to place-spatial evolution in society, economy, framework and institutional different aspect.The result of this study shows that fundamental phenomenon of pattern exploration and analyzed regional balancing of Selseleh plan, contain integrated development patterning and its localization. This phenomenon is national and regional spatial reflection will, in this regard integrated development patterning and its factor with adapting empower spatial strategy of local workforce leads to place-spatial evolution in society, economy, framework and institutional different aspect.Key word: Exploration, Non-Governmental, Endogenous Integrated Pattern, Regional Development, Grounded Theory Method, Selseleh Plan

 

 Religious-historical tourism is considered an important factor in urban development; because it has a high potential to attract tourists and is considered one of the most important and prosperous types of tourism, which has significant effects on various dimensions of society. This study aimed to investigate the indigenous requirements set for the development of religious-historical tourism in Zanjan.

 This descriptive-analytical research is applied in terms of purpose and qualitative in terms of method, which was conducted in Zanjan, Iran, in 2021-2022. 17 experts (specialists, university professors, and Zanjan city managers) were selected for interviews in the framework of final theoretical saturation, using purposive sampling. Data were analyzed using the Grounded theory method.

 39 concepts, 12 semantic units, and 8 categories (advertising, integrated tourism management, infrastructure development, strengthening the culture of tourism, utilization of specialized forces, rules and regulations, development of a strategic plan, and tourism crisis management) were extracted from the interviews with experts using contextual theory.

 Religious-historical tourism has been effective in Zanjan city development in terms of developing an indigenous model. The proposed suggestions in the form of categories are important to the sustainable development of religious-historical tourism in Zanjan city.

Today, due to the transformation of the form of life and the proliferation of quantitative, gradually the qualitative and semantic concepts of the spirit of neighborhood in the minds of residents are dimmed. Factors such as immigration, Changes in the social composition of the population, Continuity of residence and persistence in neighborhoods have diminished. With the lack of infrastructure refinement, due to the lack of local community in the process of identifying problems and accurately measuring their needs, has led to a sharp divide between the efficiency of the neighborhoods and the needs of the inhabitants of the establishment and the neighborhoods have led to inefficiencies. While some modern neighborhoods are planned in a short time. On the contrary, the process is moving traditional neighborhoods. The main question is that the standards of a lasting Iranian neighborhood are up to date, from the point of view of the main inhabitants? The purpose of this paper is to answer the question that, What are the criterias of Up-to-date of persistent Iranian neighborhood, from the perspective of the main inhabitants? This analytical-qualitative study uses the Grounded theory method, Purposeful sampling of 5 neighborhoods with the statistical population is 86 people (until theoretical saturation) from the main residents. By means of position analysis, the final criteria were fixed. The parameters of security, sense of place, social status, spirituality and modern technology are one of the most important criteria for the survival of residents. The results show that the neighborhood, from the point of view of the inhabitants, goes beyond the broad concepts of elitist rigidity, more often than not, in simple mental and intriguing indicators, which require the recognition of the social reality of the people and the real needs of their daily lives with the collaborative interactive planning approach The dialectical relationship is between the opinion of experts and the views of residents in order to refine and update the neighborhood. The manifestation of the concept of Persistent Iranian Neighborhood is updated on the basis of principles: efficiency, persistence, dynamism and continuity in the form of conceptual model.

During recent decades, rural settlements in developing countries have undergone significant changes in global development and in pursuit of development, in accordance with the geographic conditions governing them. The intensity and direction of these changes have been different. The study of functional changes of rural settlements located in the central district of Ravansar County is the main objective of this study.
Design/methodology/approach: This applied research is a qualitative research that has been carried out using Grounded Theory Method. The methodological approach of the dominant theory in this research is the Glaser’s (1978) approach.
Finding: The findings of the research indicate that during a systematic process, rural subsistences have progressed towards gradual economic development through the two concepts of agrarian reforms and mechanization of the agricultural sector.
This positive trend, with institutional interferences and inefficient rural development policies, the economic downturns of villages have finally provided the ground for the functional development of villages through the implementation of inheritance law, poor management of environmental resources, cross-sectoral supportive policies, and targeted subsidies.
This functional development of villages has many symbols, including a strong tendency towards service activities, the prevalence of consumerism, the formation of affiliated villages, a strong market dependence, and so on. It should be noted that in the present research, "inefficient rural development policies" have been identified as a central issue.
Research limitations/implications: Low familiarity of the rural population with Persian language (due to the fact that the inhabitants of the study area are Kurds), the high cost of commuting to the villages, the difficulty of establishing trust with villagers, and the lack of welcoming support from institutions related to rural affairs for the researchers in the various stages of the research were the most important limitations of this research.
Practical implications: A fundamental revision of rural development policies in view of the changes that have taken place in rural settlements, in accordance with the geographic conditions governing them, is the most important scientific solution of the present research.
Originality/value: In the current research, for the first time in Iran, functional changes in villages have been deeply studied through Grounded Theory Method.

Protect and preserve the environment like forest ecosystems are a very important public duty. And being concerned about the people forced to migrate and resettle to protect valuable ecosystems is necessary. So finding the ways that can Put reasonable and efficient both of these categories together، is only possible through the systematic researchs. In recent years، many international requirements and native protests from the environmental activists And higher knowledge of the people and the governments، has forced the governments to more pay attention to forest ecosystems. In this context، the main challenge that governments are always faced with is the choose between current needs and economic prosperity and gaining more popularity and giving priority to the protection and maintenance of natural resources and the environment for future generations. One of the main causes of deforestation is the forest villagers that lived in the forest for many years and use trees for building، fuel and livestock grazing. Native، traditional and local forest exploitation of the natural resources in forest ecosystems in recent decades، gradually has been changed to the mode of industrial use case، and has become non - standard. In 1986 Studies are began for regulate findings and rules to out rural households from forests and resettle them in new regions. In addition، its operations began in 1990. Failure to cooperate foresters، social، economic and cultural problems in previous migrated shortage of habitable lands، lack of funds allocated، inconsistencies in the agencies، lack sufficient clarity of rules and regulations، Two contrasting economic perspective (using wood، livestock and employment) and environmental use of forests among policymakers and… shows that more careful Researches and planning is necessary. Although the governments were bound to exit all forest villagers until 2010، out of the woods and migrate them to other zones but so far (2014) because of that problems that work is not done. The main mechanism of the development process improvement projects mades in the studies about Actions that have already taken place and the exposure to a variety of conditions have shown their strengths and weaknesses. In a country like Iran، where every year hundreds of small and large development projects are carried out; study of previous designs is necessary. To be repeated strengths and avoid weaknesses of that projects. Because of forest conservation in 1992، four adjacent villages in the forest of outskirt of Galykesh city in Golestan province (Iran) about the 50 rural households exited and were resettled in Yanqaq village. Governments gave every family two acres (20000 m2) of farming land (approximately 30% of previous asset) and a house 450 square meters area instead of their farming lands and homes in forest. This study has the following these purposes. First: describe the significant social changes resulting from migration and resettlement، and its positive and negative effects. Second: Identifying the types and causes of social discontent has emerged because of the impact of this kind of development and Third: Solution to improve the situation and resolve possible defects in future similar projects. This research is formed in the framework of sustainable development outlook and one of its most important branches; social empowerment and using the social impact assessment (SIA) approach to find out most important beneficial and harmful social impacts in that migration and Resettlement. Firstly، social، economic، cultural and political effects has been identified and after consultation with experts in social science and ecology، economic impact specified as most important impact of the project and selected to comprehensive review. Next step was a qualitative research study (Grounded theory method) to descript resettlement people attitudes about this project and its economical problems. The results show that the infrastructure services (like drinking water، safe house، school، hospital، the fire department، police etc) are the most important factor to empowering the resettlement people. And family''s new income is relatively sufficient. However، the government''s failure to adhere to their promises، particularly on the establish of industrial livestock، rural cooperatives and loss of self-sufficiency and lack of planning for the employment of second-generation have inconvenienced them. The problems like Lack of participatory management of resettlement، lack of adequate training for entering a new lifestyle and not a Continuous monitoring of resettlement rural people has created «Horror suspense» sense in Newcomers to new location. That sense as the central category can Interpret most Actions of The first generation Resettlement rural people. In addition، at the end of the study، by using the discovered central category، Suggestions are presented for better implementation of similar projects.