meta synthesis method

The appropriate location of parks and urban green spaces has always been of great importance in urban planning and achieving sustainable urban development. This research uses the meta-synthesis method to identify and classify the criteria that are effective in the location of parks and urban green spaces in Iranian scientific research articles. The unit of analysis in this research includes Persian-language scientific research articles with domestic case studies, published in databases such as Noormags, Magiran, SID, ISC, the Comprehensive Humanities Portal, and Elmnet between 2008 and 2022. By searching the aforementioned databases, 93 articles were found, which were evaluated for their validity using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP), ultimately reducing the number to 65 articles. The Sandelowski and Barroso seven-step method was used to analyze the selected articles. The results show that 81 criteria for the location of parks and urban green spaces have been used by Iranian researchers, which were condensed into 35 main criteria and classified into 6 components as accessibility and proximity to urban land uses, physical, environmental, social, economic, and legal. Among the identified criteria, the most significant ones include proximity to educational centers, accessibility to transportation networks, distance from existing green spaces, proximity to cultural-religious centers, proximity to residential areas, and population density. The findings of this research can serve as a suitable guide for researchers, planners, and managers in the field of locating parks and urban green spaces.

In the new era, various disasters have cast a shadow on the lives of societies. In fact, today no society can be immune from disaster and its short and long-term consequences. Community-based disaster risk management is used as a new method in disaster management for the participation of all sections of society and is one of the new approaches in the field of risks. From this perspective, reducing the risk of disaster is a goal, and its main strategy is to improve the capacities and resources of vulnerable groups in society and reduce their vulnerability in dealing with future disasters. Sub-approaches of community-based disaster management; include the structural approach and institutional approach. The structural approach emphasizes socio-economic structures and its planning model is supportive. The institutional approach is based on the concept of resilience and its planning model is cooperative. In this research, in order to find, identify and extract the main components of community-based disaster management, the method of qualitative content analysis was used with a descriptive approach and using the meta-synthesis method through library studies, and the purpose of that is to categorize the components and factors of community-based disaster management sub-approaches under the title of structural approach and institutional approach. For this purpose, the components and factors of sub-approaches have been identified and then classified by MAXQDA software. The statistical population of the research consists of scientific research articles published in databases, domestic and foreign publications related to the research subject, from 2000 to 2020. Based on the results, a total of 569 codes were identified in the MAXQDA software environment, of which 324 codes are related to the components of the structural approach and 245 codes are related to the components of the institutional approach of community-based disaster management.

E-business has branched off the important work models of the twenty-first century that, in addition to building strong relationships with current customers, seek to attract more and more customers in today's dynamic and complex market environment. The purpose of this study is to provide a conceptual framework for e-commerce businesses in the field of tourism. The indicators of this study are combined using the meta-synthesis method.

Design/methodology/approach: 

The meta-synthesis method was used to collect the required data. The study population was electronic databases. The research sample population in the present research included scientific sources from 2000 to 2020. The value of the Kappa index was equal to 0.712 and the articles extracted and analyzed through the hyper-combined method had a considerable and good level of reliability. The seven-step method of Sandlowski and Barroso was used to perform the meta-synthesis method.

In this study, six criteria (customer relationship, hardware network, software network, business efficiency, content (employee behavior), and business structure) have been identified, among which 29 sub-criteria were introduced as well.

Real-world managers and users have been advised to develop e-commerce businesses in the field of tourism; besides focusing on six main categories including customer relationship, hardware network, software network, business performance, employee behavior, business model, and variables, they should pay attention to related sub-sections.

Originality/value:

 The extracted new components of tourism e-commerce businesses in the northern region of the country and the categorization of codes for the final analysis and interpretation in the meta-combination method and presenting a conceptual model are innovations of this research.

Like living organisms, the regeneration of cities is done through the renewal of worn-out cells and tissues. Sometimes the process of wear and tear is faster than the process of renewal, which causes the accumulation of wear and tear to reach a critical stage and makes it necessary to accelerate the renewal of worn tissues. What is important is the level of people's participation in improving and renovating worn-out structures. The current research is of a qualitative type and the method of conducting it is a systematic literature review using a meta-composite approach to analyze data extracted from selected sources. Finally, in the systematic review process, 28 sources were selected and used for qualitative analysis and coding. For this purpose, reliable documents accessible in search systems such as Google, NOormagz, Magiran Elm-Net and SID were referred to in the time period of 2010 to 2014. Then, by collecting and categorizing the counted codes, 15 dimensions and 67 indicators were extracted. The codes include physical, social, environmental, managerial, psychological, service, infrastructural dimensions, partial participation, how people are involved, the level of learning of executive and functional levels, the motivation that creates it, the quality of people's cooperation, the executive realm and the subject. The results of the research show that the low value of land and housing with frequency (27) and non-standard buildings with frequency (23) are indicators that have played great importance in various researches. On the other hand, informing, endogenous and exogenous motivation, the quality of imposed and forced cooperation, etc. are some of the less important indicators in this field. The most important aspects of the innovation of this research are the multi-level and systematic look at people's participation in the improvement and renovation of the worn-out urban fabric and also the identification of the main elements of this issue.

The purpose of this study is practical, mixed in nature, descriptive-survey and cross-sectional. The statistical population of the study was 22 entrepreneurs and managers in the field of qualitative snowmaking in rural tourism. Stratified random sampling was performed using Morgan table of 85 subjects. In this study, a cross-linked research method was used to extract and identify factors. A researcher-made questionnaire was used for data collection. To evaluate the validity, the face validity method was used by professors and the kappa method was used to measure the reliability of the classification. Spss software was used to analyze the collected data. The findings showed that 11 factors, 35 concepts and 88 indicators were finally approved. According to the designed model, the factors are in the order of priority, the industrial factor at the lowest level followed by the political and legal factor, the institutional factor, the economic factor, the infrastructure factor, the management factor, the entrepreneurial personality factor, the social factor, the factor. Security, environmental factor and ultimately cultural factor at the highest level.