فصلنامه جغرافیا و پایداری محیط
پیاپی 48 (پاییز 1402)

Climate change is a global challenge that has had harmful effects on human health, the environment, and natural resources, especially rangelands and rangeland users’ livelihoods. Recognition and perception of local users of the sign’s climate change is a fundamental step in how to face and employ appropriate strategies to mitigate and adapt to the effects of climate change and environmental resources sustainability. This study assesses the awareness and perception of rangeland users on the occurrence of signs of climate change in the central part of Najafabad, including the villages of Jalalabad, Hajiabad, and Nahastabad. The statistical population of the study included 68 rangeland users, according to Cochran's formula, 58 of them were selected as a statistical sample. The perception of local communities about the occurrence of climate change in the three dimensions of rainfall, temperature, and wind was measured with 9, 9, and 5 items, respectively, in the form of a seven-choice Likert scale. After completing the questionnaire and recording the information in the Excel spreadsheet, data analysis was performed using SPSS software, and graphs were drawn in the Excel environment. The results showed that %77.59 of the respondents estimated a high level of understanding of the signs of climate change. From the set of components related to the perception of signs of changes in rainfall, temperature, and wind, the amount of water in springs, aqueducts, and deep wells (1), the intensity of temperature fluctuations in the region (2), and the wind speed (intensification of winds) in the region (3) were assigned the highest priority. In general, it can be concluded that in order to deal with the consequences of climate change and the sustainability of environmental resources, the perception and attitude of rangeland users could be effective in the success of adaptation policies and strategies.

In comprehensive waste policy and management, waste collection and processing, and disposal methods interact with each other in such a way that the three desired environmental, social and economic goals of the region are achieved. Based on this regard, the aim of the present research is to analyze the effective factors of waste management policy-making in selected rural areas in Paveh City. The current research is practical in terms of its purpose, and in terms of its nature and descriptive-analytical method, it is survey type. The statistical population of the research includes all 14 people of the Islamic councils and village heads of the selected tourism villages studied in Paveh City. The data collection method has been documentary and survey methods. The documentary method has been used to review the records and explain the problem and the survey method has been used to collect data with the tools of observation, interview and completing a questionnaire between experts and managers. Also, the reliability or trustworthiness of the questionnaire has been measured by comparing two ratios. Also, the reliability or reliability of the questionnaire was assessed by comparing the two ratios. In this research, in order to study waste management from an expert point of view, three components of leadership combined with innovation, correct use of resources and planning and organization have been used and their impact on policy-making in this field of study has been studied. The results of this study using the Chi-square test showed that the three components of leadership combined with innovation, proper use of resources and planning and organizing with waste management policy. Also, according to the results of multiple regression analysis, a total of 91 percent of the variance of waste management policy has been determined by these three dimensions.

Investigating and understanding Sand dunes is of great importance in the management of natural resources and the control of risks caused by them. The purpose of this research is to investigate the sand dunes of Darvazeh Quran, in the north of Yazd city, which is of great importance due to its proximity to Yazd city and its use for the development of tourism. In this research, in order to determine the origin of Sand dunes, from the wind data of Yazd synoptic station, during a period of 20 years (2001-2021), topographic maps 1:50000, geological maps 1:100000, TM satellite images of 1993, ETM+ year 2008 and 2017 and field studies have been used for sampling. The research method is also based on the analysis of wind characteristics (direction and speed), the mineralogy of sedimentary grains, and the use of satellite images. The results of the wind survey in the studied area showed that strong winds in the dry seasons along the northwest play an important role in the formation, development, and movement of sand. Mineralogical investigation and XRF analysis indicate that quartz minerals and then carbonates with an average of 45 and 33% are the most abundant among the sediments of the studied area and the classification based on spectral reflection of satellite images of loose sands showed that the band ratios are 4.5, 3.4 and 3.5 in TM images can be used to identify the mentioned minerals. Finally, the results showed that the alluvial and flood plains, along with alluvial deposits located in the northwestern and western part of this reservoir, are the main sources of nutrition for the sandy dunes of Darvazeh Quran.

Nowadays, sustainable development has been proposed by experts as an important strategy to improve the quality of life of citizens and the sustainability of resources due to the increase in the population of cities and the increase in pressure on resources. Meanwhile, the metropolis of Kermanshah has many social, economic, natural, and environmental issues and problems. Therefore, according to these issues, the aim of the study is to identify the most important driving forces on the sustainable development of Kermanshah with a future research approach. The purpose of the study is applied and the method is based on structure analysis. The required data and information have been collected by library methods and the Delphi method (use of elite opinions). The statistical sample of the research consists of 50 experts, managers, and relevant researchers. The key drivers were identified using MICMAC software. According to the output obtained from the software, the saturation index obtained for the variables with two times data rotations is 91.80 percent, which confirms the strong influence of the variables on each other and shows the efficiency of the information obtained from the opinions of the elites. The results show that the drivers empowering the urban infrastructure in the field of smart city and electronic city, government credits, tourism, and border location have the highest net effect on the sustainable development of Kermanshah. Also, out of 2500 valid output scenarios, 5 scenarios with the highest inertia (high validity, repeatability, and probability of occurrence) have been presented as final scenarios. Finally, according to the obtained results, suggestions were made in the direction of moving the intermediate scenarios toward the favorable and sustainable development of the Kermanshah metropolis based on the upcoming scenarios.

Wetlands are vital for human survival and constitute 40.6% of the total value of global ecosystem services. This study analyzed land cover changes in the Golpayegan Shoor wetland from 1988 to 2018 and then modeled it with a combination of artificial neural network, Markov chain, and multi-objective optimization for 2030 and 2040 for obtaining environmental sustainability. To obtain the highest accuracy in transition potential modeling, four scenarios were used with various calibration periods and sub-models. The FOM index was used to evaluate the accuracy of various scenarios using the approach by overlaying three maps for the years 2008, actual 2018, and predicted 2018 maps. Effective variables in describing the changes occurred in the case study selected using Cramer's v. The highest accuracy was shown in a scenario with the calibration period of 1988-1998 and 9 sub-models in land cover change modeling 2018 year. The evidence likelihood of change map and distance from agricultural lands showed the highest impact in the changes of the study area. Residential areas and agricultural lands increased by 0.6% and 1.8% in 2030, while 1% and 2.2% grew up in 2040 compared to 2018, respectively. Dense rangeland decreased by 13.1% and 18.6%, respectively in 2030 and 2040 compared to 2018. The water bodies showed an increase of 0.18% and 0.27% due to the conversion of agricultural areas and rangeland to Lake Golpayegan and Kochery dams. Taking water from unauthorized wells, reducing the flow of water entering the wetland, and the presence of decorative ore has caused serious problems for Golpayegan Shoor Wetland, which requires managers and land planners to consider compensatory ways to restore, water requirement, and ecological sustainability for the wetland.

Improper waste management threatens the sustainability of the environment. Defining an optimal and sustainable system for waste disposal requires the examination of all processes within the system, their impact on the environment, economic aspects, implementation, and energy consumption in each part. The present study was conducted with the goal of modeling the municipal solid waste management system of Rasht County based on the life cycle assessment approach. In this regard, two existing disposal scenarios and the development plan for the future were compared. The first scenario (existing disposal) includes the sale of recycled waste, biological processing (compost production), and landfilling. The second scenario (development plan) involves the use of an incinerator in addition to previous disposal methods. After collecting data using the IWM-2 model, the environmental impacts of each scenario were assessed. The results show that if the second scenario assumptions are applied, the amount of energy consumption, pollutants, and global warming will decrease relative to the first scenario. Total energy consumption in the first and second scenarios is respectively +3891 and -1683234 Gj. In addition, the global warming potential is reduced due to the reduction of landfills, reduced transportation and fuel consumption, improved equipment, and energy recovery in the second scenario. In general, environmental performance in the second scenario will be improved if appropriate action is taken. Reducing landfill and greenhouse gases, increasing recycling, etc., are the main reasons. Although incineration reduces landfilling in Saravan, it is still the proper design of the landfill, and energy utilization from it provides a favorable life cycle of waste management based on the second scenario. Moreover, the use of waste incineration is justified only if pollution and energy recovery standards are respected. Modifying the components and capacity of each disposal option produces new results. In this context, it is suggested to use alternative models.

In the new era, various disasters have cast a shadow on the lives of societies. In fact, today no society can be immune from disaster and its short and long-term consequences. Community-based disaster risk management is used as a new method in disaster management for the participation of all sections of society and is one of the new approaches in the field of risks. From this perspective, reducing the risk of disaster is a goal, and its main strategy is to improve the capacities and resources of vulnerable groups in society and reduce their vulnerability in dealing with future disasters. Sub-approaches of community-based disaster management; include the structural approach and institutional approach. The structural approach emphasizes socio-economic structures and its planning model is supportive. The institutional approach is based on the concept of resilience and its planning model is cooperative. In this research, in order to find, identify and extract the main components of community-based disaster management, the method of qualitative content analysis was used with a descriptive approach and using the meta-synthesis method through library studies, and the purpose of that is to categorize the components and factors of community-based disaster management sub-approaches under the title of structural approach and institutional approach. For this purpose, the components and factors of sub-approaches have been identified and then classified by MAXQDA software. The statistical population of the research consists of scientific research articles published in databases, domestic and foreign publications related to the research subject, from 2000 to 2020. Based on the results, a total of 569 codes were identified in the MAXQDA software environment, of which 324 codes are related to the components of the structural approach and 245 codes are related to the components of the institutional approach of community-based disaster management.