development model

The current research was conducted to design and explain the development model of creative rural tourism in the target villages of Kermanshah province. The research is of a qualitative type and based on database theorizing. The studied community comprised villagers of tourism target villages, managers of ecotourism houses, village councils, local experts, university professors in the field of tourism, and key informants. Sampling has been done using targeted and snowball methods. Based on this, 23 interviews were conducted with the research participants, and theoretical saturation was achieved in 19 interviews. Data were collected using in-depth semi-structured interviews and analyzed using Strauss and Corbin's strategy. In order to measure the validity and respect the qualitative features of the research, accreditation, and data during the interviews, Lincoln and Goba's four criteria (credibility, transferability, reliability, and verifiability) were used. The reliability of the research was calculated using Holstein's reliability formula (82%). The results of the inductive content analysis identified 120 primary codes, 32 central codes, and six factors during three open, central, and selective coding procedures. Finally, the model of creative rural tourism was designed and presented, in which "creative rural tourism" was selected as the central phenomenon affected by the causal factors of the research. Contextual and intervening factors, together with the central phenomenon, shaped creative rural tourism development strategies and consequences such as increasing private sector investments, driving income from cities to villages, preventing migration to cities, increasing employment rates, returning to villages and cultural development, and a sense of cooperation were identified in the area.

Developing and selecting a business model is one of the most vital decisions of managers and business owners in order to survive, grow and be profitable in the competitive scene. Since this decision is associated with uncertainties and complications, the development of practical tools is necessary. On the other hand, most of the existing tools are presented only from an economic point of view and pay less attention to solving social problems. Hence the purpose of the current research is to design a model for the development and selection of a business model based on social innovation.

The current research is a qualitative research that is a multiple case study terms of  the objective and a in terms of the method. In order to identify the development process and choose the business model, the interview protocol was compiled using the 5w1h method. Then, a semi-structured interview was conducted with 11 business owners active in the field of social innovation who had experience in business model development with a targeted judgment method. After coding the interviews and analyzing them, based on the results of a multiple case study and the existing literature, the proposed tools were designed, including the business model development matrix based on social innovation and the business model selection matrix based on social innovation. Also, the focus group method including 10 business owners who had experience in business model development and social innovation was used to validate and confirm the model.

The findings of the multiple case study showed that business owners generally use brainstorming sessions in the business model development phase, and in the new business model selection phase, they use expert surveys based on business strategic information. They choose the right business model. Based on this, the proposed model includes 2 stages of development and selection of a business model based on social innovation, in the first stage, possible options for business model development are created with a tool designed as a Development Matrix (DM), and in the next step to prioritize and choose the right business model with the Business Model Selection Matrix (BMSM) .

The model and tools proposed in this research are designed based on the results of the case study and the existing literature. Business model development matrix in order to use the dimensions of innovation in the business model and structuring the ideation sessions and business model selection matrix considering strategic business information are suitable tools for business model development and selection They are aimed at increasing benefits and reducing economic/social costs.

Religious tourism, a branch of cultural tourism, can stimulate development, especially in rural areas. This research was conducted to conceptualize a religious tourism development model emphasizing the holy sites of Kermanshah province. The research approach was of qualitative and Grounded Theory type; the research sample comprised experts in the field of religious tourism. Accordingly, 16 semi-structured and in-depth interviews were conducted with key informants using the purposeful sampling method. The four criteria of Lincoln and Guba, including credibility, transferability, reliability, and verifiability, were used to measure the validity and comply with the qualitative research features, validation, accuracy, and robustness of the data. The reliability of the research was also assessed using the test-retest reliability method, with 77% reliability. Strauss and Corbin’s systematic approach analyzed data. Through three open, central, and selective coding procedures, the content analysis results yielded 71 concepts, 14 sub-categories, and six main categories. Finally, the paradigmatic religious tourism development model was presented, in which the development of religious tourism was chosen as the central phenomenon affected by the causal conditions of the research. Contextual and intervening conditions and the central phenomenon formed religious tourism development strategies, and economic, cultural, and social development outcomes were obtained. In the end, practical suggestions were presented for developing religious tourism in Kermanshah province.

Environmentally friendly marketing, which is emerging due to increasing environmental concerns and awareness, has been hailed as a popular advertising strategy In addition, in order to gain a better understanding of a particular nation's environmental movement, it is important to experiment how that  consumers view environmental issues and, consequently, how they behave. The aim of this study was to design a green marketing development model for organic products of live Nature Company with the brand (Cinere) in Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Provinces. The research method was based on the applied purpose and was been qualitative in terms of data collection. The statistical population in the qualitative section were marketing experts. Experts were identified by targeted sampling and snowball sampling, which according to the adequacy of the data, a total of 10 experts were interviewed. Interviews were used to collect data. Ground data theory approach was used to analyze the data. The results confirmed that clean label, environmental concern, green advertising, green packaging and green price have an impact on customers' environmental behavior. In the quantitative part of the statistical population of the research, the sellers of stores in Kohgoluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad provinces with an appropriate level of sales of Cinere products that were 40 people, that all of whom were evaluated. The analysis of the findings was performed using the structural equation method and the results showed that the environmental concern was 0.807, green packaging was 0.804, green advertising was 0.90, green price was 0.79 and clean label was 0.29 that affects consumer behavior.

Iran’s tourism development has undergone extreme changes due to its taking effect of global space and also the level of its abilities in tourism – related areas; and its development does not correspond with its potential power properly. On the other hand, considering Iran’s economic conditions in  new international space and increasing economic sanctions against Iran, the researcher of this thesis aims to answer the question that how Iran’s tourism development sample with emphasizing foreign tourists arrival is possible? Regarding this issue, this study is surveying- exploratory research and uses the combined approach of qualitative and quantitative research methods to reach the mentioned samples. administrators and tourism activists were selected as statistical society. The final sample of research determined the developmental dimensions of the country’s tourism with the aim of international tourists in three aspects: Those foreign countries which send tourist, Transportation, Domestic destinations for tourists. The included the factors and variables affecting the development of Iran's tourism industry in a hierarchy with primary and secondary factors and indices related to them. This hierarchy was obtained by analyzing and prioritizing the influential factors in the tourism industry of Iran.