جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « Medieval Ages » در نشریات گروه « علوم انسانی »

For the first time, it was in Greek that reason was recognized as the only source of knowledge in contrast to mystical views. It was by Aristotle that this approach was highlighted. For this reason, we know Aristotle as an outstanding and an ultimate instance of Greek reason. In this article, based upon the early Christian theologian views, our hypothesis is that common sense, that we know as Greek reason, was the only source for knowledge. Accordingly, we have studied some of the great early Christian theologian views to find their concept of reason. Our conclusion is that when Christian theologians had characterized reason as worldly or human wisdom, they would have meant it the very Aristotelian-Greek concept, namely, the only source for common knowledge. In contrast, according to them, there was another source of knowledge, namely, “faith” that was gained not by the reason but by the Grace.

This book is a report on some of the fundamental concepts of philosophy such as faith، revelation، God، self، transcendence and so on، from the view point of Anselm and Thomas Aquinas and other great scholars of medieval ages. The writer has mostly focused on historical roots of the phenomena and using perspectives of ancient Greek philosophers indicated how Christian scholars have applied these ideas to construct a strong rational foundation for religious teachings of Christianity. He not only does not consider the medieval ages to be an end to philosophical approaches but believes that their thoughts has brought about flourishing and nurturing of intellectual and philosophical streams of Renaissance، just like the way ancient Greek philosophers have impacted upon medieval ages. He utterly supports efficacy of studying and contemplation of philosophy of medieval ages.

Modern political theory is of great value for its inner authenticity and outer implementations; but how this theory has been formed? The hypothesis of this study is that the modernity invented and formed the forces which caused dramatically changes in foundations and implementations of modern theory. Two primary factors are important here: scientific thinking as grounding factor, and new politics (modern state), which emerged aftermath the collapse of medieval ages as outer factor. New scientific thinking prepared the context for such an evolution by transforming the concept of nature, and in the realm of politics by concentrating on power and distancing form the idea of “excellent city”. So, the modern political theory emerged as an effective and referential framework for illustrating the political life and offered solution for political problems. By separating between new and old political theories in a historical sense, this paper attend to show the formation of modern political theory in modern era and how it separated from old world; it also illustrate the characteristics of modern political theory and its new practical implementations; the results indicate that modern political theory was credible and successful for relationship between its theoretical ideas and values and its practical implementations in socio-political life; a task of modern theory which is in danger and doubt, in the ear of globalization.