general health

One of the essential issues in educational psychology is students' academic performance. It is often assumed that parents' marital compatibility positively influences their children's academic performance. On the other hand, public health is one of the most critical factors influencing family relationships and students' academic performance. One of the important issues in educational psychology is the relationship between parents' marital compatibility and students' academic performance. This relationship may have a direct or indirect effect. One of the influential factors in this relationship is students' general health, which, as a positive state of mind, can mediate between parents' marital compatibility and students' academic performance. Using the structural evaluation modeling, the present study was conducted to model the parents' marital adjustment and academic performance with the mediation of public health in secondary school students.

The present research method was descriptive–analytical of the correlation type, which was carried out by the method of structural equation modeling. The statistical population of the research was formed by secondary high school students in the city of Babol, Iran, in the academic year 2021–2022. Of them, 290 students were selected as a sample by multi–stage cluster random sampling. The participants in the research were secondary high school students of Shahid Esfahani Girls' and Imam Hussain (AS) schools in the 11th and 12th grades of Babol. The inclusion criteria were as follows: 11th– and 12th–grade students studying in the mentioned schools, interested in collaborating, not participating in similar ongoing research, and not receiving specific intervention or treatment. The exclusion criteria for withdrawing the subjects from the study included being outside the scope of the study, incomplete completion of the research process, unwillingness to participate fully, and outlier data in the questionnaire. Data were gathered via the Dyadic Adjustment Scale (Spanier, 1976) and the General Health Questionnaire (Goldberg & Hillier, 1979), and for evaluating academic progress, we analyzed students' first–semester grade point averages. Data analysis was done using descriptive statistics, including mean and standard deviation, and inferential statistics with structural equation modeling methods in SPSS version 23 and AMOS version 22 software, at a significance level of 0.05.

The results showed the direct effect of marital compatibility on academic achievement (β= 0.241, p=0.028) and general health (β= –0.327, p=0.041), as well as the direct effect of general health on academic achievement (β= –0.570, p=0.038), was significant. On the other hand, the indirect effect of parents' marital compatibility on academic achievement with the mediation of public health was significant (p=0.001, β= –0.570). The values of the goodness of fit indices indicated the good fit of the model (GFI=0.999, AGFI=0.993, CFI=0.997, χ2/df=2.675, NFI=0.998, RMSEA=0.039).

Based on the research results, the marital compatibility of parents with the mediation of public health affects students' academic performance.

The COVID pandemic imposed very adverse and irreparable effects on human societies. Meanwhile, nursing students as the future personnel of healthcare centers were facing a lot of stress on the front line of pandemics and epidemics, and maintaining their physical and mental health affects the way of providing health services and ultimately the satisfaction of patients 

The present study aimed to assess the general health of nursing students in a military university in the post-covid era. 

This descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study was conducted in 2022-23 a military nursing school in Tehran, Iran, involving 130 undergraduate nursing students recruited through a census method. Data were gathered using an individual characteristics questionnaire and the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28), then analyzed with SPSS software (version 14) using descriptive and analytical statistics, including Pearson’s test, Fisher’s exact test, and chi-square.

Most students reported moderate levels of physical complaints (57.7%), sleep disorders (49.6%), and social functioning (64.6%), while their depression levels were within the healthy range (53.8%). There were no statistically significant differences in the general health levels based on academic semester (P=0.121) or marital status (P=0.261). However, female students had a better overall health status compared to male
students (40% vs. 60%, P=0.004).

The COVID-19 pandemic negatively impacted the health of many, including nursing students. Assessing their health can offer valuable  insights for authorities to enhance their well-being by improving the educational environment, organizing health promotion workshops, and providing counseling.

Substance-related disorders are recognized as a significant health concern in all societies, with individuals facing public health challenges. This study was aimed to assess the impact of an emotion regulation-focused educational program on the overall health status of individuals undergoing methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) for addiction.

This single-blind randomized clinical trial study was conducted in 2022 on 48 patients with opioid abuse undergoing MMT at the Center for Addiction Harm Reduction in Isfahan City, Iran. The participants were randomly assigned to either the intervention group (n = 24) or the control group (n = 24). The intervention involved six training sessions focused on emotion regulation over a three-week period for the intervention group. Data analysis was performed using paired t-test, independent samples t-test, and chi-square test with SPSS statistical software. In this study, the P-value was considered significant at the level of less than 0.05.

The results of the paired samples t-test showed that in the intervention group, the average scores of the general health level decreased significantly after the intervention (P < 0.001), while the changes in the control group were not significant. The results of the independent samples t-test showed that the average scores of the general health level in the intervention and control groups were not significantly different before the intervention, but were significant after the intervention (P < 0.001).

According to the results of the present study, the educational program based on emotion regulation plays a crucial role in enhancing the overall health of patients receiving MMT. Therefore, it is advisable to implement this educational program for patients undergoing MMT.

The purpose of this research was to investigate the relationship between mental health, eating attitudes, and the amount of weight loss in obese and overweight individuals.

The design of the study was cross-sectional. The statistical population consisted of obese and overweight individuals who visited nutrition clinics in Rasht City, Iran. A total of 420 participants were included in the study, comprising 378 women with an average weight of 79.99 ± 15.91 kg, height of 161.67 ± 5.98 cm, age of 39.59 ± 11.15 years, and body mass index (BMI) of 30.88 ± 3.06 kg/m2, as well as 42 men with an average weight of 100.31 ± 23.59 kg, height of 175.07 ± 9.75 cm, age of 38.45 ± 11.35 years, and BMI of 32.75 ± 4.20 kg/m2. The participants were selected using convenience sampling method. Data were collected using online questionnaires that included Carner's Eating Attitudes Test (EAT) and Goldberg's General Health Questionnaire (GHQ). Data analysis was conducted using Pearson's correlation coefficient test and regression modeling in SPSS software.

There was a significant relationship between mental health (r =- 0.18, P < 0.001) and eating attitude (r = 0.10, P = 0.030) with the success rate in weight loss. The relationship between mental health dimensions, including physical condition (r =- 0.19, P < 0.001), anxiety (r =- 0.11, P = 0.018), and social function (r = -0.16, P = 0.001) was significant with weight loss. The relationship between the components of eating attitude, including oral control (r = 0.21, P < 0.001) and desire to eat (r =- 0.12, P = 0.009) with success in weight loss was significant.

Higher mental health, as well as a better level of eating attitude, was associated with greater weight loss success in obese and overweight people referred to nutrition clinics. Therefore, paying attention to these factors will increase the probability of success in weight loss.

In today's era, with the advances made in science, it has been shown that most cancer patients survive more than 5 years after diagnosis and many of them rely on their caregivers during this time. Health, quality of life and survival of cancer patients depend on the ability and characteristics of their caregivers; but studies have shown that caregivers of cancer patients receive little support. The aim of the current research was to evaluate the effectiveness of the implementation of supportive care program on mood states, general health, competence of caregivers and supportive care needs of caregivers of cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy.

Methods & Materials: 

The current study was a double-blind randomized controlled trial that was conducted in the chemotherapy center of Peymaniye Hospital in Jahrom. Random sampling was determined for the participants and then the caregivers were randomly assigned to two groups of intervention (30 people) and control (30 people). Participants in the intervention group, in addition to usual care, also received the supportive care program. Data collection was done by the scale of supportive care needs, characteristics of mood states, general health and caregiver competence scale at the beginning, immediately and one month after the intervention; Also, the questionnaire, supportive care needs were completed by the patients at the beginning, immediately and one month after the intervention. The data was analyzed by IBM SPSS 16.0 and repeated measurement tests, chi-square, Friedman, Man-Whitney and independent t tests were used.

The results of the present study showed that the implementation of the supportive care program was effective on mood states, general health, competence and supportive care needs of caregivers of cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. It can be said that having the role of a caregiver for a person causes new needs to arise, and if these needs are not met, we will witness anxiety, fatigue and a decrease in the quality of life of the caregiver; Therefore, it is recommended that the nurses of the oncology and chemotherapy departments receive the necessary training and be empowered in this field, and on the other hand, the decision makers of the health system and managers pay more attention to the caregivers of cancer patients.

Various factors can have a role in predicting police forces’ mental and spiritual health. This study aims to assess whether the general health and spiritual well-being of police forces in Iran can be predicted by metacognitive beliefs with the mediation of cognitive emotion regulation (CER) strategies.

This is descriptive/correlational study using structural equation modeling (SEM). The study population includes all the employees of the Tehran Police Commands in 2023. Participants were 294 employees of the police headquarters in Tehran, Iran, in 2023, who were selected using a convenience sampling method. Spiritual well-being scale (SWBS), general health questionnaire (GHQ), metacognition questionnaire (MCQ), and cognitive emotion regulation strategies questionnaire (CERQ) were used to collect data. SPSS v.22 and Amos v.24 were used for data analysis.

Based on the fit indices, the fit of the initial SEM model was not acceptable (RMSEA=0.07, CFI=0.88, GFI=0.87), because the path between metacognitive beliefs and spiritual well-being was not significant (P>0.05). After removing this path, the model’s fit was acceptable (RMSEA=0.06, CFI=0.90, GFI=0.91). The direct and indirect paths between metacognitive beliefs and general health were significant (P<0.01). Also, the indirect path between metacognitive beliefs and spiritual well-being through CER strategies was significant (P<0.01).

The metacognitive beliefs in Iranian police forces can significantly predict their general health and spiritual well-being directly or indirectly through CER strategies.

As demands on healthcare professionals rise, understanding nurses' mental health is essential. Job burnout, marked by emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and diminished personal accomplishment, can heavily impact a nurse's ability to deliver quality care. This research intends to examine the relationship between job burnout and nurses' mental health in Kashan, highlighting a vital aspect of occupational health.

This descriptive-analytical study surveyed 182 nurses from various departments in Kashan, comprising 49 males and 133 females, who were randomly selected in 2019. Participants completed the Goldberg General Health Questionnaire and the Maslach’s Job Burnout, in addition to providing demographic information. The data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical methods, specifically employing ANOVA and T-tests using SPSS software.

The analysis revealed significant correlations between demographic variables and burnout subscales. Notably, years of employment were positively associated with personal accomplishment, while emotional exhaustion levels were higher among female nurses. Additionally, age correlated with physical symptom frequency and overall anxiety levels, with    p-values indicating significance at p<0.05. Furthermore, the study found important relationships among general health, gender, occupation type, number of children, and night shifts-highlighting that female nurse experience higher rates of burnout and associated mental health challenges.

The findings suggest that nurses in Kashan experience moderate levels of mental health concerns and job burnout, with pronounced effects among women. These results emphasize the need for comprehensive management strategies aimed at mitigating job burnout and enhancing mental well-being in the nursing workforce. Implementation of support systems and interventions could prevent the progression of burnout, ultimately benefiting both healthcare providers and patients.

The COVID-19 pandemic was a stressful event, especially for the elderly. This study aims to determine the relationship between resilience and general health of Iranian older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic.

This is a descriptive-analytical study with a cross-sectional design that was conducted in 2021 on 271 older adults aged >60 years referred to the health centers in Ahar county, East Azerbaijan Province, Iran, who were selected using a random cluster sampling method. After recording their demographic characteristics, the general health questionnaire and the Connor-Davidson resilience scale were completed by them. The collected data were analyzed in SPSS software, version 23 using descriptive statistics and chi-square, Mann-Whitney U test, Kruskal-Wallis test, and Spearman correlation test.

The mean total scores of resilience and general health were 64.38±16.42 and 24.56±10.05, respectively. There was a significant relationship between resilience and general health (r=0.25, P<0.001). There total score of resilience was higher in older adults with higher educational level (P<0.05).The general health and its dimensions of somatic symptoms and social dysfunction were higher in older adults who were living with others (P<0.05).

There was a significant relationship between resilience and general health in Iranian older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic. It is important to pay attention to these areas in them. Therefore, it is recommended to evaluate the resilience of older people during providing routine elderly care for improving their general health. It is also recommended to design appropriate educational programs during pandemics to increase resilience and general health of older adults.

 Following the spread of the COVID-19 and the subsequent increased hospital visits, healthcare workers underwent psychological pressure. This situation could have had negative effects on the organization's performance. The present study was, therefore, conducted with the aim of analyzing the general health and work-related quality of life of hospital employees in post-Corona.

 This is a descriptive correlational study conducted cross-sectionally in 2022. Herein, 344 employees working in hospitals under the auspicious of Zabol University of Medical Sciences were selected through stratified random sampling method. The tools of data collection were demographic information, as well as general health and work life quality questionnaires. Data analysis was conducted using descriptive and inferential statistics in SPSS (v.22). Ethical considerations were observed in all stages of the study.

 A statistically significant relationship was observed between the quality of work life and the general health of employees (P=0.0001). The mean score of the general health questionnaire was 1.49±0.62 (that was considered average) and the mean score of the quality of work life questionnaire was 2.49±0.71 (that was seen as relatively average). In the components of the quality of work life, the lowest and highest points were assigned to the component of fair payment (2.19±0.76) and general life environment (3.1±0.7), respectively. Moreover, in the components of general health, the lowest and highest scores were attributed to depression (1.09±0.55) and social functioning (1.76±0.76), respectively.

 Considering the relationship between general health and the quality of working life, hospital managers are required to constantly examine these two factors, especially during critical situations and the subsequent periods.

 This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a healthy lifestyle promotion educational package based on Iranian and Islamic culture on treatment adherence and health in diabetic patients.

 This quasi-experimental study employed a pre-test and post-test design with a control group and a two-month follow-up period. The statistical population included all visitors to a psychotherapy center in District 5 of Tehran. The sample consisted of 30 individuals (15 in the experimental group and 15 in the control group) selected through purposive sampling. Research instruments included the Diabetes Treatment Adherence Questionnaire and the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ). The experimental group participated in ten educational sessions covering topics such as healthy nutrition, physical activity, stress management, medical care, religious teachings, and family and social relationships.

  Results from repeated measures ANOVA indicated that the educational package significantly improved treatment adherence and general health in diabetic patients. The experimental group showed substantial improvement in treatment adherence and general health scores in the post-test and follow-up phases, while the control group did not exhibit significant changes. The educational package based on Iranian and Islamic culture positively impacted treatment adherence and health in diabetic patients. These results highlight the importance of designing educational interventions that consider local culture and values (P<0.001).

 Implementing such programs can aid in better diabetes management and reduce its complications.

It is necessary to carry out urgent interventions to improve the general health of pre-hospital emergency personnel. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of virtual stress management training on the general health of pre-hospital emergency personnel.

In this semi-experimental study conducted in 2022 in Jiroft City, Iran, 160 pre-hospital emergency personnel were randomly selected and divided into two intervention and control groups by simple random allocation (lottery). The educational content of stress management was held for eight sessions of 45 minutes (two sessions per week) for the intervention group virtually and online via the Adobe Connect application. The General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) was completed in two stages, before the intervention and one month after the completion of the intervention, in both groups. Using SPSS software (version 20), descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (ANCOVA) were used for data analysis.

The post-test results indicated a significant difference between the two groups in the overall score of general health (46.13±15.10 in the control group versus 34.50±12.63 in the intervention group). Moreover, after the intervention, the overall score of general health and its subscales decreased significantly only in the intervention group (P<0.001).

The implementation of the stress management virtual training program helps to improve the general health of pre-hospital emergency personnel. Therefore, it is recommended to be used as an effective method for empowering human resources.

One of the undesirable consequences of the aging process is the feeling of loneliness and decrease in general health. Nowadays aging people are one of the most problems of sustainable development in each country in the world. Therefore, current research was aimed to determine the impact of loneliness on elderly health in west health care center of Tehran.

This was descriptive- analytical research conducted cross- sectionally in 2020-2021. The research population was elderly people over 60 years old covered by west health center of Tehran. Determining the sample size was conducted by Krejcie and Morgan table to the number of 300. The list of elderly people extracted from Sib system, and selected by random table of numbers. The research tool were two questionnaires including GHQ-28 of Goldberg and loneliness feeling of elderly population (SELSA- S) that confirmed their validity and reliability. Descriptive results were reported by frequency, average, and also analytical results reported using by Pearson and variance analysis, and also linear regression.

Increased feeling of loneliness and poor mental health and social function were observed elderly people. Negative and significant feeling of loneliness and its components impacted on mental health among elderly people. There was no significant relationship between feeling of loneliness and gender.

Decreased feeling of loneliness among elderly people might lead to improved mental health among elderly people. Therefore, due to the increasing elderly population in Iran, it is so important to design interventions and trainingprograms in order to create supportive conditions forelderly people.

Health literacy is one of the most important indicators of health knowledge. This study aims to evaluate the relationship of health literacy with general health in Iranian patients with heart disease in Iran.

This descriptive-analytical study was conducted in 2022-2023 on 254 patients with heart disease hospitalized in the coronary care unit of Khatam Al-anbiya Hospital in Shoushtar County. The data collection tools included a demographic form, the health literacy instrument for adults (HELIA), and the general health questionnaire (GHQ-28). Data were analyzed in SPSS software, version 20 and AMOS software, version 18 using independent t-test, analysis of variance, Pearson correlation test, and structural equation modeling.

The mean age of the participants was 45.27±16.47 years. The health literacy of 101 patients (41%) was at a good and sufficient level, while 58 patients (23%) had low and insufficient literacy. The general health of 100 patients (39.37%) was at a moderate level, while 78 patients (30%) had low general health. With the increase in health literacy, the score of general health domains decreased (improved) (P<0.001). Older age and low educational level had a significant relationship with low health literacy (P<0.05).

The health literacy of the patients with heart diseases admitted to the study hospital is sufficient, and their general health is moderate. With the increase in health literacy, their general health can be improved. Understanding the relationship between health literacy and general health in cardiac patients can provide useful information to policymakers and health planners in Iran to promote the patient’s health literacy and general health.

Thalassemia is a common disorder in Iran and the world. The progress in the field of diagnosis and treatment of thalassemia made these people able to live for a longer period. In these patients, frequent blood transfusions are associated with numerous complications such as depression, anxiety, stress, etc. These problems are associated with a decrease in the quality of life. Therefore, this study was carried out to investigate and compare the quality of life in beta-thalassemia major patients with and without blood transfusion.

In this study, which was cross-sectional and descriptive-analytical in nature, a total of 170 patients with thalassemia major, aged 18-60, who were referred to the Thalassemia Center of Bo Ali Sina Hospital in Sari during the summer of 2014, were examined. The study was conducted with the ethical code IR.MAZUMS.REC.1402.18665 of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences. According to the inclusion criteria, education level, and age range of the studied population, 116 patients out of 170 thalassemia major patients were studied. Considering that the number of thalassemia major patients with and without blood transfusions referring to the thalassemia center of Bo Ali Sina Hospital in Sari is almost equal, out of 116 patients with inclusion criteria, 58 patients are treated with periodic blood transfusions and 58 patients are under control without the need for transfusions. Blood was studied. Thalassemia patients are treated with blood transfusion every 15-30 days for injection and patients who do not need blood transfusion every 1-3 months to the thalassemia center for control. SF 36 standard questionnaire was used to check the quality of life. The reliability and validity of the Persian questionnaire were reported with Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.77 to 0.90 and vitality scale of 0.65. To analyze the variables, frequency indices, percentages, independent t-test, and chi-square test were used.

Among the thalassemia major patients studied, 52 (44.8%) were male and 64 (55.1%) were female. The average age in the group with and without blood transfusion was 34.75±8.35 and 39.33±8.18 years, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference in the average age between the two groups (P=0.128). There was no significant difference in the marital status, occupation, and level of education between the patients with and without thalassemia major injection. Among the investigated clinical complications, diabetes was significantly higher in the blood transfusion group (P=0.001). From the average coefficients of the eight indices of the SF 36 test, the subscale of general health (GH) was significantly better in patients with blood transfusion with a mean and standard deviation of 55.79±19.20 than in the non-injection group, 44.05±21.59 (P=0.002).

It is suggested that in patients with thalassemia, especially thalassemia major, with or without blood transfusion, like other periodical control measures and medical treatment, evaluation of general health and quality of life should be carried out at regular intervals, to improve the quality of life of these patients, timely psychological or psychiatric interventions to be done at the required time.

Timely assessment of health status and the adoption of preventive measures, especially among the military, reduce health injuries and minimize complications. Accordingly, the present study was conducted to determine the general health status of military forces in different countries of the world.

In this review study, articles published between (2005-2020) were reviewed. In order to obtain relevant scientific documentation, the references were searched in credible databases. Persian and English databases, including Academic Database of Academic Jihad (SID)), Magiran Database, Iranian Medical Science Database (IranMedex), PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, ProQuest, Ovid, Science Direct and Elsevier were searched. The selected keywords used in the search strategies, after examination in MeSH, were “General health”, “mental health” and “Military force”, finally 48 articles were included.

Studies have shown that the state of general health, especially mental health in soldiers and military forces has been considered. In most studies, this group general health was low and had more health problems (mental and physical) than the general population. Discussion and

Since military forces are at risk of losing their health according to their job position and duties, therefore, obtaining information on physical and mental health is very important for them, and this requires educational interventions, counseling and workshops.