جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « Addiction » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of aerobic training and consumption of three herbs (barberry, chamomile, nasturtium) on changes in inflammatory factors (TNF-a, IL-1b) and POMC gene expression in the brain of C57BL/6 mice withdrawing from morphine.

For this purpose, 54 male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into nine groups. Morphine was added to water with sucrose in concentrations of 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, and 0.4 to create dependency, and the symptoms of addiction were investigated. The interventions of aerobic training and consumption of three plants were carried out for four weeks. The real-time PCR method was used for behavioral evaluation of open field tests and investigation of inflammatory factors and gene expression.

Morphine addiction increased the expression of inflammatory factors and decreased POMC gene expression and motor activity time in rats (P < 0.0001). In the group of drug addicts who are withdrawing methadone, a supplement of three plants, and aerobic exercise, the number of inflammatory factors did not increase in addiction compared to the healthy control group (P > 0.05). There was no decrease in addiction in the amount of POMC and motor activity time of this group (P > 0.05). Methadone consumption, the supplement of three plants and aerobic exercise, and the combination of all three decreased the expression of inflammatory factors TNF-α and IL-1β and increased the expression level of POMC genes in the brain of rats (P < 0.0001), the supplement of three plants, Aerobic exercise and the combination of methadone consumption, supplement of three herbs, aerobic exercise increased the amount of motor activity time (P < 0.0001).

Aerobic training and consumption of three herbs can be effective in reducing addiction symptoms, reducing inflammatory factors, and improving central nervous system function.

A healthy and vibrant society depends on the presence of citizens with a positive and motivated spirit. Achieving such a society requires that social well-being be realized as a form of mental, individual, and social health in today's communities. Given the novelty of the concept of social well-being, there is yet to be full consensus among researchers on its dimensions and indicators. The widespread interest in social well-being in Iran and globally stems from its conceptual attractiveness as it can delineate prevailing social conditions and serve as a valuable analytical tool for scholars and policymakers in this field. Disorders in social health, such as anxiety, depression, addiction, divorce, and suicide, are crucial issues in contemporary society that warrant extensive study. By investigating their causes and consequences, strategies can be proposed for their prevention and reduction. This study begins with defining the key concepts of social health and the abnormalities resulting from disorders within it. It proceeds to provide statistical insights into these disorders worldwide and in Iran, utilizing keywords such as social health, social disorders, depression, anxiety, addiction, divorce, and suicide, as found in recently published books and articles. The components and indicators of social problems are reviewed, and solutions are proposed for the prevention and mitigation of each social disorder. Research findings indicate that among mortality and disability factors in Iran, depression ranks 4th and anxiety 7th and there is a close relationship between the occurrence of depression, stress, and anxiety in individuals. Globally, 2% of the population suffers from substance use disorders, and the daily smoking rate in Iran is estimated at 10.7%. Moreover, the divorce rate in Iran is reported at 14%, with the highest rates in Alborz, Mazandaran, Semnan, Tehran, and Markazi provinces. Suicide rates in Iran show Ilam, Hamadan, and Kermanshah provinces as having the highest rates. Ilam province is one of the most dangerous regions in Iran, where 28.94 deaths occur due to suicide in every hundred thousand cases. The results indicate significant overlap among these social harms in many aspects, where the occurrence of one can pave the way for another. Thus, preventing social problems such as anxiety and depression can effectively contribute to preventing other social issues such as addiction, divorce, and suicide, thereby enhancing social Health. Therefore, conducting national surveys in this area and making evidence-based decisions can substantially aid in preventing social harm.

Quitting drugs causes growth and change in different areas of life, including the career path. The present study was conducted with the aim of explaining the career path development and its obstacles one year after addiction rehabilitation.

This study was a qualitative content analysis. The statistical population was all people suffering from substance abuse one year after drug addiction rehabilitation in Shahrekord city in 1400. Based on purposeful and snowball sampling, semi-structured interviews were conducted on the participants and 15 people were selected until saturation was reached. Data analysis was done by content analysis based on the steps suggested by Granheim and Lundman.

The mean and standard deviation of the participants was 9.8 ± 42.6 years. Data analysis led to the emergence of 3 main categories of career development, stability of recovery, barriers to career development and 15 sub-categories including treatment of addiction, determination and determination, compensation for the past, gaining job confidence, job learning, job development, internal motivation, effectiveness and Application of the Narcotics Anonymous program, specific location, external support, financial problems, physical problems, lack of confidence, lack of self-confidence in starting the career path, criminal record.

Therefore, it is necessary to provide special services for skill training and training of necessary job skills for disabled people, and special financial facilities for starting a business should be allocated to these people by banks.

Addiction, as a complex psychiatric disorder and one of the major problems of societies, can lead to suffering and psychological distress for addicts and those around them. This research was conducted with the aim of determining the effectiveness of dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) in reducing psychological distress and increasing mental health literacy among men who were members of Narcotics Anonymous in Kermanshah.

This study was a quasi-experimental design with a pretest-posttest design and a control group. The statistical population included all men who were members of the Narcotics Anonymous Association of Kermanshah in 2022. Thirty people were selected by convenience sampling and randomly assigned into two equal groups. The experimental group received 8 sessions DBT (90 minutes session per week), but the control group did not receive any interventions. Demographic information checklist and Kessler et al psychological distress questionnaire and Ekonor & Casey's mental health literacy scale were used to collect data. Data were analyzed by multivariate analysis of covariance MANCOVA.

The results of this research showed that the educational intervention reduced psychological distress (F=7.506, Eta=0.231, P=0.011), increased mental health literacy (F=12.619, Eta=0.375, P=0.002) of men who are members of Narcotics Anonymous has been significantly effective.

Based on the results of the current research and the effectiveness of dialectical behavior therapy on reducing psychological distress and increasing mental health literacy of the participants, it is recommended to use this new generation behavior therapy method in addiction-related interventions.

There are claims regarding the fact that the damages caused by using social media are rather similar to those caused by using drugs. Researchers think that although the behavioral symptoms and consequences of using drugs vary by type of substance, there are several common aspects regarding drug symptoms in all types; which are hence in line with social media harms. Furthermore, during recent years, neuroscientists have examined the structures in the brain that are associated with addiction to social media and have discovered several similarities and differences about drug addiction. The main purpose of the present study was to compare addiction to drugs with addiction to social media.

Methods and Materials:

 In this paper, we will initially describe the behavioral components of addiction to drugs and addiction to social media and then indicate the difference between "addiction" and "dependence".

We will later support the hypothesis that addiction to social media is not to be considered as a dependence. Hence, we will discuss the areas of the brain which are involved in recent addiction to social media and addiction to drugs along with providing neuroimaging and experiments regarding these two fields.

In the end, as well as enumerating the neurological similarities and differences between addiction in both fields, we suggest that instead of dividing people into the two categories of "addicted" and "non-addicted", it is better to consider "various degrees of addiction". This being the case, we can accept the addiction to social media as a special type of addiction and as a degree of addiction and thus, categorize the common characteristics and differences between this type of addiction and other types of addiction and present treatment approaches which are ideally appropriate for this certain degree of addiction

The present research was conducted with the aim of explaining the views of teenagers-the adults and their parents regarding the prevention of drug addiction based on the mixed elements of the marketing model (audience needs, access to services, cost, and communication).

This research was conducted based on a qualitative research method using an exploratory method. 14 teenagers-adults and 10 parents, 24 participants were selected through targeted sampling, from the marginal neighborhoods of Yazd in 2019; the neighborhoods included Maryam Abad, Hassan Abad, and Skan. In  total, 2 semi-structured in-depth interviews with parents and 3 focused group discussions were conducted with the presence of teenagers and young people in the neighborhood. In this study, the information, including demographic characteristics, and the results of market analysis were obtained with elements of Communication for Behavioral Impact (COMBI) social marketing model; they were investigated using focus group discussions (FGD) and semi-structured face-to-face interviews. Data were analyzed based on the content analysis method.

The qualitative study resulted in 63 codes, 26 subcategories, 4 categories, product, location, cost, and promotion according to the COMBI model structures. Product category or behavioral characteristics, having peace of mind, and seeking independence were mentioned by both groups of parents and the youth as the factors of addiction tendency. But, regarding the cost of addiction, while teenagers and the young people considered the social side effects of drug use, such as losing friends, more important, parents were more concerned about the physical side effects of drugs. Location or environmental and social conditions were important for both groups of parents and the youth.

The results showed that although both groups of teenagers-the youth and their parents pointed to the social, environmental, and individual factors of addiction, their intended examples were different in many areas. Parents considered the most important factor in the tendency to drugs addiction to be the structure of the audience's need, having peace of mind, compensating for the sense of deficiencies and the need for independence, and the youth suggested the use of virtual space and creating motivation and awareness campaign to prevent addiction as a suitable method. Perceived costs according to the young people were loss of friends, feeling of rejection, loss of self-confidence, and negative view of others towards addiction. One of the reasons for the tendency towards addiction was mentioned by the young people as the location and easy access to drugs, and the parents said that the suitable place for the tendency towards addiction was having a risky and inappropriate family.

Cancer pain creates negative thoughts and beliefs in patients, which can affect the level of functioning and pain tolerance in these patients. In recent decades, the use of drugs for pain relief in cancer patients has increased dramatically. The present study investigated the mediating role of pain acceptance and pain self-efficacy in the relationship between the perception of social support and readiness for addiction.

The statistical population of this descriptive-correlation study was men and women with cancer in Arak city in 2020-2021. A total of 201 cancer patients referred to Arak hospitals were selected by available sampling method (97 women and 104 men). Perceived Social Support Questionnaire of Zimet et al. (1988), Pain Self-Efficacy Questionnaire of Nicholas (1980), Chronic Pain Questionnaire of Vowels et al. (2004) and Addiction Readiness Questionnaire by Wade and Butcher (1992) were completed by all the samples. For data analysis, path analysis method was used using SPSS 25 and Amos 24 software.

Two hundred and one patients with an average age of 53.46 ± 10.38 years participated in this research. The results indicated the optimal fit of research model. The results showed that there is a significant negative correlation between the perception of social support, pain acceptance and pain self-efficacy with readiness for addiction (p<0.001) and there is a significant positive correlation between the perception of social support with pain acceptance and pain self-efficacy (p<0.001). In the indirect path, the mediation model of social support perception between pain self-efficacy and pain acceptance with addiction readiness was significant witg the significant level of 0.001 and the standard coefficient (- 0/30).

Strengthening the social support network of individuals, along with developing a sense of self-efficacy and acceptance of uncontrollable aspects, can be considered as preventive treatment goals and plans for patients’ tendency to use drugs for pain relief.