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عضویت

جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "Sensitivity" در نشریات گروه "پزشکی"

  • Raha Kaviani *
    Background

    Sensitivity in the determination of the drug concentration is critical in pharmaceutical analysis. This research investigates several approaches for determining two sensitivity parameters, the Limit of Detection (LOD) and the Limit of Quantification (LOQ), in the analysis of the drug concentration using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC).

    Methods

    The study evaluates the FDA’s Lower Limit of Quantification (LLOQ) parameter, following global standards and quantitatively comparing sensitivity parameters for an established HPLC-UV method for the analysis of carbamazepine and phenytoin.

    Results

    The study found that the LOD and LOQ values obtained by different methods varied significantly. The signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) method provided the lowest LOD and LOQ values for both drugs, while the standard deviation of the response and slope (SDR) method resulted in the highest values. This highlights the variability in sensitivity depending on the method used.

    Conclusion

    The results show significant differences among calculated sensitivity values, emphasizing the influence of methodological variations on sensitivity values. It recommends following FDA criteria in chromatographic-based pharmaceutical analysis to improve the accuracy of drug concentration determination.

    Keywords: Analytical Method Validation, LOD, LOQ, Pharmaceutical Analysis, Sensitivity
  • وحید کاظمی زاده، امیرعباس منظمی*، فخرالدین صبا، اندرو جی مک اینچ
    مقدمه

    هدف از پژوهش حاضر بررسی اثر مداخله تمرینات استقامتی (هوازی) بر سطوح نشانگرهای التهابی (IL-6/ TNF-α) و برخی پارامترهای متابولیکی در رت‏های نر مبتلا به کبد چرب غیرالکلی ناشی از رژیم غذایی پرچرب، به منظور بررسی امکان سنجی استفاده از تمرین ورزشی برای کاهش التهاب بود.

    روش کار

    در این راستا، تعداد 44 سر رت نژاد ویستار به‏ صورت تصادفی در دو گروه (I) رژیم غذایی استاندارد به تعداد 22 سر رت و همچنین (II) تعداد 22 سر رت در گروه رژیم غذایی پرچرب به همراه فروکتوزمایع (HFD+HF) با دسترسی آزاد قرار گرفتند. پس از 17 هفته، دو رت در هر گروه قربانی شدند و بافت کبد برای مشاهده رنگ آمیزی هماتوکسیلین-ائوزین گرفته شد. سپس، تعداد 20 سر رت باقی‏مانده در گروه (I) به گروه کنترل (C)، گروه تمرین (T) و 20 سر رت گروه (II) به گروه کبد چرب (FL) و گروه کبد چرب+ تمرین (FL+T)، (هر گروه شامل 10 سر رت) تقسیم شدند. در مرحله بعد گروه‏ های T، مداخله تمرین استقامتی هشت هفته‏ ای را تکمیل کردند. سپس، سطوح IL-6، TNF-α، گلوکز، انسولین، مقاومت و حساسیت به انسولین اندازه‏ گیری شد.   

    یافته ها

    نتایج پژوهش حاضر نشان داد که در اثر یک رژیم غذایی پرچرب به همراه فروکتوز مایع در رت‏های گروه HFD+HF،  بیماری کبد چرب غیرالکلی (NAFLD) با عوارضی مانند: افزایش معنی‏ داری در سطوح IL-6 و TNF-α، اختلال عملکرد کبدی و اختلال پارامترهای متابولیک، ایجاد می ‏شود  (001/0> p). همچنین، تمرینات استقامتی با معکوس کردن روند بیماری اکثر این عوارض را بهبود ‏می‏بخشد (001/0> p).

    نتیجه گیری

    با توجه به نتایج پژوهش حاضر می‏توان نتیجه‏ گیری کرد که بهبود نشانگرهای التهابی، اختلال عملکرد کبدی و اختلال پارامترهای متابولیک از طریق انجام تمرینات استقامتی یکی از مکانیسم های کلیدی ورزش در درمان بیماری کبد چرب غیرالکلی است، این امر می‏تواند اهمیت تمرینات استقامتی را در درمان بیماری کبد چرب غیرالکلی نشان دهد.

    کلید واژگان: بیماری کبد چرب غیرالکلی, سندرم متابولیک, تمرین هوازی, نشانگرهای التهابی, IL-6, TNF-Α, مقاومت و حساسیت به انسولین
    Vahid Kazemizadeh, Amirabbas Monazzami*, Fakhredin Saba, Andrew J Mcainch
    Introduction

    This study aimed to analyze the effects of endurance training (Aerobic) on the levels of inflammatory markers (IL-6/TNF-α) and some metabolic parameters in male rats with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease to investigate the feasibility of using exercise training to reduce inflammation.

    Material and Methods

    A total of 44 Wistar rats were randomly assigned into two groups: (I) standard diet group of 22 rats and (II) high-fat diet group with 22 rats supplemented with free access to fructose water. After 17 weeks, two rats from each group were sacrificed, and liver tissue was collected for hematoxylin-eosin staining. Subsequently, the remaining 20 rats in the (I) group were divided into a training group (T) and a control group (C). The 20 rats in the (II) group supplemented with fructose water were divided into a fatty liver group (FL) and a fatty liver + training group (FL+T), each comprising ten rats. In the next phase, the T-groups underwent an eight-week endurance training intervention. Then, IL-6, TNF-α, glucose, insulin, insulin resistance and sensitivity levels were measured.

    Results

    The results of the present study showed that as a result of a high-fat diet with liquid fructose in HFD+HF group rats, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) with complications such as a significant increase in the levels of IL-6 and TNF-α, Hepatic dysfunction, and metabolic parameters were disturbed (p<0.001). However, endurance training improved most of these complications by reversing the disease process (p<0.001).

    Conclusion

    According to the results of the present study, it can be concluded that the improvement of inflammatory markers, liver dysfunction, and metabolic parameters through endurance training is one of the key mechanisms of exercise in the treatment of NAFLD, the consequences of which may show the importance of endurance training in treatment of NAFLD highlights.

    Keywords: Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease, Metabolic Syndrome, Aerobic Exercise, Inflammatory Markers, IL-6, TNF-Α, Insulin Resistance, Sensitivity
  • Yousef Alimohamadi, Mojtaba Sepandi*, Homeira Sedighi Nezhad
    Background

    Early diagnosis of COVID-19 can have an important role in the decrease of mortality of patients. Symptoms such as fever and cough are the first diagnostic information. Due to the importance of early diagnosis of COVID-19, the current study aimed to assess the diagnostic value of different symptoms in detecting COVID-19 cases.

    Materials and Methods

    In the current cross-sectional study, 392 COVID-19 patients were confirmed based on RT-PCR (Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction) using nose and throat swab specimens and or Chest CT scan compatible with COVID-19 infection. The diagnostic value of symptoms in detecting COVID-19 was measured using the sensitivity, specificity, false alarm rate, likelihood ratio, and area under the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve (AUC).

    Results

    The highest sensitivity and lowest false negative in the detection of COVID-19 cases were seen in Dyspnea and cough with a sensitivity of 0.59 (95%CI: 0.51-0.66) and 0.57 (95%CI: 0.49-0.65) respectively. In terms of specificity, the Loss of consciousness with specificity 0.95 (95%CI: 0.92-0.98) had the best performance so this symptom had the lowest false positive in the detection of COVID-19 cases. The most positive likelihood ratio (LR+) was seen in cough (LR+:1.41) and fever (LR+:1.21), respectively. The most positive predictive value (PPV) was seen in cough (PPV: 0.49 (95%CI: 0.41- 0.56)), and fever (PPV: 0.45(95%CI: 0.37-0.53)) respectively.

    Conclusion

    Early symptoms among patients tested for SARS-CoV-2 identified those general non-respiratory symptoms were strongly associated with test positivity.

    Keywords: COVID -19, Sensitivity, Specificity, Predictive Value
  • پرستو شفیعی، سمیرا صحبتی*، غزال منصوری، ندا نیک پور، فاطمه کرمی رباطی
    مقدمه

    با توجه به اهمیت تشخیص زودرس حاملگی خارج رحمی جهت جلوگیری از عوارض و مرگ و میر آن، مطالعه حاضر با هدف تعیین ارزش تشخیصی سونوگرافی ترانس واژینال در ارزیابی حاملگی خارج رحمی با سطح β-hCG کمتر از 1000 میلی واحد بین المللی بر میلی لیتر (mIU/ml) صورت گرفت.

    روش کار

    این مطالعه آینده نگر در سال 1400-1399 جهت تعیین ارزش تشخیصی سونوگرفی ترانس واژینال در ارزیابی حاملگی خارج رحمی در زنان مراجعه کننده به درمانگاه یا بخش زنان بیمارستان افضلی پور کرمان انجام شد. معیارهای ورود به مطالعه شامل: وجود یک یا بیشتر از علائم تریاد حاملگی نابه جا یعنی درد شکم یا لگن، آمنوره و خونریزی واژینال غیرمعمول و سطح سرمی β-hCG کمتر از 1000 mIU/ml بود. در صورت دیده نشدن ساک حاملگی داخل رحمی و یافتن توده دال بر حاملگی خارج رحمی و یا دیده نشدن ساک حاملگی داخل رحمی بدون یافته دیگری در خارج از رحم، بیماران با اندازه گیری سطح سرمی β-hCG هر 48 ساعت تا تشخیص قطعی پیگیری شدند. تجزیه و تحلیل داده ها با استفاده از نرم افزار آماری SPSS (نسخه 22) انجام گرفت. میزان p کمتر از 05/0 معنی دار در نظر گرفته شد.

    یافته ها

    میانگین سن حاملگی در افراد با تشخیص صحیح حاملگی خارج رحمی 48/1±91/5 هفته محاسبه گردید. حساسیت و ویژگی سونوگرافی ترانس واژینال به ترتیب برابر با 50% و 66% محاسبه گردید. ارزش اخباری مثبت و منفی نیز به ترتیب برابر با 26/78% و 71/35% اندازه گیری شد.

    نتیجه گیری

    در مطالعه حاضر حساسیت و ویژگی سونوگرافی ترانس واژینال در تشخیص حاملگی خارج رحمی در سطوح β-hCG کمتر از 1000 mIU/ml به ترتیب برابر با 50% و 66% گزارش گردید. در نتیجه همچنان تلاش برای یافتن یک روش تشخیصی دقیق تر برای تشخیص زودهنگام حاملگی خارج رحمی مورد نیاز است.

    کلید واژگان: ارزش تشخیصی, حاملگی خارج رحمی, حساسیت, سطح Β-Hcg, سونوگرافی ترانس واژینال, ویژگی
    Parastoo Shafiei, Samira Sohbati *, Ghazal Mansouri, Neda Nikpour, Fatemeh Karami Robati
    Introduction

    Considering the importance of early diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy to prevent its complications and mortality, the present study was conducted with aim to determine the diagnostic value of transvaginal ultrasonography in the evaluation of ectopic pregnancy with β-hCG levels lower than 1000 mIU/ml.

    Methods

    This prospective study was conducted in 2020-2021 to determine the diagnostic value of transvaginal sonography in the evaluation of ectopic pregnancy in women referred to the clinic or department of gynecology in Afzalipour Hospital, Kerman. The inclusion criteria were the presence of one or more of the triad symptoms of ectopic pregnancy, i.e. abdominal or pelvic pain, amenorrhea and unusual vaginal bleeding, and serum β-hCG level less than 1000 mIU/mL. If no intrauterine gestational sac was seen and a mass indicative of ectopic pregnancy was found, or if no intrauterine gestational sac was seen without other findings outside the uterus, patients were followed up by measuring serum β-hCG levels every 48 hours until a definitive diagnosis was made. Data analysis was done using SPSS statistical software (version 22). P<0.05 was considered significant.

    Results

    The mean gestational age in individuals with a correct diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy was 5.91±1.48 weeks. The sensitivity and specificity of transvaginal ultrasound were 50% and 66%, respectively. Positive and negative predictive values were measured as 78.26% and 35.71%, respectively.

    Conclusion

    In the present study, the sensitivity and specificity of transvaginal ultrasound in diagnosing ectopic pregnancy at β-hCG levels less than 1000 mIU/ml were reported as 50% and 66%, respectively. As a result, efforts to find a more accurate diagnostic method for early diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy are still needed.

    Keywords: Β-Hcg Level, Diagnostic Value, Ectopic Pregnancy, Sensitivity, Specificity, Transvaginal Ultrasound
  • Vahideh Mohseni, Maryam Hadji, Mina Khaki, Omid Nabavian ORCID, Kazem Zendehdel, Hamideh Rashidian *
    Background

    Underreporting bias related to opium use is a significant methodological issue that can threaten the results of epidemiologic studies, particularly when opium use is the exposure of interest. In our current study, we aimed to measure the sensitivity of opium use. among cancer patients and identify the contributing factors

    Method

    In a cross-sectional study, we examined the sensitivity of self-reported opium use among cancer cases. In this study, we avoided using urine tests as the gold standard to prevent false positive results, given that most cancer patients use opioids to alleviate their pain. Instead, we relied on their reports of use to anesthesiologists as the gold standard and compared it with their reports to interviewers to calculate sensitivity

    Results

    The sensitivity of self-reported opium use among cancer patients was approximately 63.33% (95% CI: 43.86% – 80.07%). Interestingly, this sensitivity was significantly higher among cigarette users 88.24% (95% CI: 63.56% – 98.54%) compared to non-users 30.77% (95% CI: 9.09% – 61.43%). Additionally, the sensitivity of self-reported opium use was higher among alcohol users and participants with low socioeconomic status compared to their counterparts, although these differences were not statistically significant.

    Conclusion

    The observed sensitivity of self-reported opium use among cancer patients underscores the importance of meticulous and comprehensive approaches for collecting and interpreting self-reported substance use data. Researchers and policymakers should consider contributing factors to the sensitivity of self-reported opium use.

    Keywords: Self-Reported, Sensitivity, Opium, Cancer
  • راضیه معصومی*، شادی ثابت قدم، پریسا صمدی، ملیحه نصیری
    مقدمه

    اگرچه محققان به بررسی ویژگی های روانسنجی نسخه کوتاه فارسی شاخص کارکرد جنسی زنان (FSFI-6) پرداخته اند اما حساسیت و ویژگی نسخه فارسی این ابزار مورد بررسی قرار نگرفته است. پژوهش حاضر با هدف بررسی حساسیت، ویژگی و نقطه برش بالینی نسخه کوتاه فارسی FSFI-6 انجام شد.

    مواد و روش کار

    مطالعه توصیفی - مقطعی حاضر روی 165 نفر از زنان دارای اختلال کارکرد جنسی و 131 نفر از زنان فاقد اختلال کارکرد جنسی انجام شد. ابزار مورد استفاده، کاربرگ اطلاعات جمعیت شناختی و پرسشنامه شاخص اختلال کارکرد جنسی زنان (FSFI-19) بود. حساسیت و ویژگی ابزار با استفاده از منحنی راک و نقطه برش تعیین شد.

    یافته ها

    بر اساس نسخه کوتاه شده ابزار اصلی، یعنی گویه های 2، 4 ، 7 ، 11، 16 و 17، نقطه برش FSFI-6، 5/18 و حساسیت و ویژگی به ترتیب 61 % و 52% به دست آمد. با توجه به اینکه حساسیت و ویژگی محاسبه شده ابزار با این گویه های در مقایسه با حساسیت و ویژگی گزارش شده از این ابزار در متون فاصله قابل توجه ای داشت، لذا با جایگزین کردن گویه های 5، 8، 12 و 18 به جای گویه های 4، 7، 11 و 17 تحلیل تکرار شد. بر اساس گویه های جایگزین شده، نقطه برش معادل 5/20 و حساسیت و ویژگی ابزار به میزان 90% به دست آمد.

    نتیجه گیری

    حساسیت و ویژگی نسخه فارسی FSFI-6 با جایگزین کردن گویه های 5، 8، 12 و 18 به جای گویه های 4، 7، 11 و 17 به میزان 90% محاسبه شد. این یافته می تواند به علت تفاوت های فرهنگی-اجتماعی در درک ذهنی گویه های ابزار از سوی نمونه ها باشد. همچنین، هر یک از گویه های جایگزین شده از بین گویه های مربوط به بعد اختصاصی خود، بر اساس تجربیات بالینی و نظر تخصصی تیم تحقیق انتخاب شدند، لذا این جایگزینی خللی در کاربرد نهایی ابزار ایجاد نخواهد کرد. از این رو، به نظر می رسد نسخه فارسی FSFI-6 جهت بررسی تشخیص اختلال کارکرد جنسی در زنان ایرانی با گویه های 2، 5، 8، 12، 16 و 18 از حساسیت و ویژگی مطلوبی برخوردار است.

    کلید واژگان: اختلال کارکرد جنسی, زنان, پرسشنامه, حساسیت و ویژگی
    Raziyeh Maasoumi*, Shadi Sabetghadam, Parisa Samadi, Malihe Nasiri
    Objective (s)

    Although the psychometric properties of the Persian version of the short form of the Female Sexual Function Scale (FSFI-6) was studied, the sensitivity and specificity of the Persian version of this instrument have not been investigated. The present study aimed to assess the sensitivity, specificity and clinical cut-off point of the FSFI-6 in Iranian women.

    Methods

    This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 165 women with and 131 women without sexual dysfunction. In addition to a demographic questionnaire, the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI-19) questionnaire was administered. Using the Receiver-Operating Characteristic curve (ROC) analysis and indicating cut-off point, sensitivity and specificity were determined

    Results

    Based on the short form of the original instrument, which included questions 4, 2, 7, 11, 16, and 17 from the longer version, the cut-off point for the FSFI-6 was 18.5 and the sensitivity and specificity were 61% and 52%, respectively. Considering that the calculated sensitivity and specificity of the index was relatively low and had a significant difference compared to the reported sensitivity and specificity for this instrument in the literature. Therefore, questions 5, 8, 12, and 18 were replaced with questions 4, 7, 11, and 17 and the analysis was repeated. Based on the replaced questions, the cut-off point was 20.5 and the sensitivity and specificity of the tool was 90%.

    Conclusion

    The findings suggest that the Persian version of FSFI-6 with questions 2, 5, 8, 12, 16, and 18 has a better performance for diagnosing sexual dysfunction in Iranian women.

    Keywords: Sexual Dysfunction, Female, Questionnaire, Sensitivity, Specificity
  • حامد جلالی، ناصر مسعودی، علی انشائی*
    پیش زمینه و هدف

    آسیب های اندام های توخالی نسبت به آسیب اندام های توپر کمتر شناخته شده اند و تاخیر در تشخیص آن ها می تواند مرگ ومیر و عوارض را در بیماران افزایش دهد. ارزیابی دقیق بیماران ترومایی با استفاده از سی تی اسکن به عنوان یکی از روش های تشخیصی مهم در مراقبت های پزشکی بیماران با ترومای بلانت شکم و لگن است ارزش تشخیصی سی تی اسکن در آسیب اندام های توخالی کمتر بررسی شده است. ازاین رو مطالعه حاضر باهدف تعیین ارزش تشخیصی سی تی اسکن شکم و لگن با کنتراست وریدی در تشخیص آسیب احشاء توخالی در بیماران ترومای بلانت انجام شد.

    مواد و روش ها

    در ا مطالعه مقطعی-تحلیلی حاضر، 90 بیمار ترومای بلانت به شیوه نمونه در دسترس وارد مطالعه شدند. داده های بالینی بیماران مبتلا به ترومای بلانت شکمی که تحت CT اسکن و لاپاراتومی قرار گرفته بودند جمع آوری گردید. ارزش تشخیصی CT اسکن در مقایسه با نتایج لاپاراتومی به عنوان استاندارد طلائی با محاسبه شاخص های حساسیت، ویژگی، ارزش اخباری مثبت و منفی و Accuracy مورد تجزیه وتحلیل قرار گرفت.

    یافته ها

    69 بیمار (7/76 درصد) مرد و 21 بیمار (3/23 درصد) زن بودند. میانگین سنی بیماران، 51/17 ± 82/29 سال بود. بر اساس لاپاراتومی در 60 درصد بیماران (54 بیمار) آسیبی وجود نداشت و در 36 بیمار (40 درصد) آسیب اندام های توخالی تشخیص داده شد. حساسیت، ویژگی، ارزش اخباری مثبت، ارزش اخباری منفی و صحت (Accuracy) سی تی اسکن به ترتیب، 2/22 درصد، 100 درصد، 100 درصد، 8/65 درصد و 9/68 درصد بود. حساسیت سی تی اسکن برای تشخیص موارد آسیب روده (12 درصد) و برای آسیب مثانه (5/62 درصد) بود. حساسیت سی تی اسکن برای مایع داخل شکم/لگن (25/31 درصد) بیشترین مقدار را داشت.

    بحث و نتیجه گیری

    حساسیت CT اسکن در تشخیص آسیب اندام های توخالی پایین اما ویژگی، ارزش اخباری مثبت، ارزش اخباری منفی و Accuracy آن بالا و قابل قبول است. بنابراین، سی تی اسکن می تواند به عنوان یک ابزار کمکی برای تشخیص آسیب های اندام های توخالی در بیماران ترومای بلانت مورداستفاده قرار گیرد.

    کلید واژگان: CT اسکن, ارزش تشخیصی, آسیب اندام های توخالی, حساسیت, ویژگی, ترومای بلانت, لاپاراتومی
    Hamed Jalali, Naser Masoudi, Ali Enshae*
    Background & Aims

    The injuries of hollow organs are less known than the injuries of solid organs and delay in their diagnosis can increase mortality and complications in patients. The diagnostic value of CT scan in hollow organ damage has been less investigated. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of determining the diagnostic value of abdominal and pelvic CT scan with intravenous contrast in the diagnosis of hollow viscera damage in blunt trauma patients.

    Materials and Methods

    In this cross-sectional study, 90 blunt trauma patients were included in the study. Clinical data of patients with blunt abdominal trauma who underwent CT scan and laparotomy were collected. The diagnostic value of CT scan compared to the results of laparotomy as a gold standard was analyzed by calculating sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value and accuracy.

    Results

    69 patients (76.7%) were male and 21 patients (23.3%) were female. The mean age of the patients was 29.82 ± 17.51 years. Based on laparotomy, there was no injury in 60% of patients (54 patients) and in 36 patients (40%) damage to hollow organs was diagnosed. In general, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and accuracy of CT scan were 22.2%, 100%, 100%, 65.8% and 68.9%, respectively. The sensitivity of CT scan was 12% for bowel damage and 62.5% for bladder damage. The sensitivity of CT scan for intra-abdominal/pelvic fluid (31.25%) was the highest and the specificity and positive predictive value for other CT scan findings were similar (100%).

    Conclusion

    While the sensitivity of CT scan in detecting hollow viscera injuries is low, its specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy are high and acceptable. Therefore, CT scan can be used as a complementary tool along with other diagnostic methods to diagnose hollow organ injuries in blunt trauma patients.

    Keywords: CT Scan, Diagnostic Value, Hollow Viscera Injury, Sensitivity, Specificity, Blunt Trauma, Laparotomy
  • Maryam Ghelichli, Abdolhalim Rajabi, Niyayesh Mirsaeedi, Masoud Mohammadi, Sina Sohrabi, Niloufar Darabi

    Clinical decision‑making and biomedical research heavily rely on imaging techniques to visualize tissue morphology. To examine tissues in detail, it is necessary to use special histochemical stains to enhance contrast. This meta‑analysis aimed to assess the sensitivity and specificity of these stains in diagnosing oral pathologic specimens. We conducted a search in 8 databases, including EMBASE, PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, ProQuest, Ovid, Cinahl, and Cochrane, up to June 2022. Of 87,393 studies, 41 articles were selected for inclusion in our study. The results revealed that the specificity and sensitivity of the special histochemical stains were 86% with confidence interval (CI) 95%: 80%–90% and 83% with CI 95%: 75%–89%, respectively. Among the stains evaluated, toluidine blue, Papanicolaou, silver stain, Giemsa, Gram, feulgen, and periodic acid–Schiff (PAS) were the most frequently used for the detection of malignancy, premalignant lesions, dysplasia, and candidiasis. The specificity and sensitivity of each stain were analyzed individually, considering the type of specimen. Toluidine blue was the most commonly utilized special histochemical stain, particularly effective, for detecting malignancy, with a specificity of 97% with CI 95%: 88%–99% and sensitivity of 76% with CI 95%: 56%–89%. In conclusion, special histochemical stains are effective in diagnosing oral lesions, exhibiting reasonable specificity and sensitivity, especially in cases of premalignant and malignant lesions. Based on the reviewed articles in our study, the silver stain was identified as highly sensitive, while Giemsa and Papanicolaou stain exhibited the highest specificity

    Keywords: Accuracy, Oral Pathology, Sensitivity, Special Histochemical Stain, Specificity
  • اکبر غربالی*، رضوان گلستانی، سورنا نظرباغی
    پیش زمینه و هدف

    تشخیص به موقع در توان بخشی بیماران با زوال عقلی ناشی از بیماری آلزایمر اهمیت بسزایی دارد. مطالعه توصیفی - کاربردی حاضر کوششی است برای کمک به بهبود دقت تشخیص و تفکیک به موقع بیماران آلزایمری از سالخورده سالم بروش آنالیز کامپیوتری ویژگی ساختار بافتی تصاویر ام آر ای مغزی.. بررسی متون نشان می دهد تحقیقات گسترده آنالیز کامپیوتری ساختاری داده های پیکسلی تصاویر دیجیتالی انجام شده در تشخیص افتراقی بیماری های مختلف نویدبخش است.

    مواد و روش کار

    با رعایت اخلاق پزشکی, تصاویر ام آر ای مغزی 13 بیمار آلزایمر و 13 بیمار سالمند مورد تفکیک کامپیوتری با نرم افزار مزدا MaZda قرار گرفتند. از طریق مارکرهایی در ناحیه هیپوکامپ هر تصویر مغزی, ناحیه موردنظر (region of interest=ROI) انتخاب و صدها پارامتر ویژگی ساختاری بافت هریک از نواحی ROI استخراج و مقادیر کمی شان برآورد و نهایتا دو مجموعه ده تایی از بهترین پارامترهای توصیف کننده تمایز مشخصه های بافتی آلزایمر از سالخورده سالم با محاسبه ضریب فیشر ماکزیمم و یا مینیمم احتمال خطا + ضریب متوسط همبستگی تخلیص و سپس استاندارد شدند. تشخیص افتراقی آلزایمر از سالخوردگی سالم با کاربرد آنالیز مولفه اصلی (PCA), آنالیز تفکیک خطی (LDA) و آنالیز تفکیک غیرخطی ((NDA انجام گرفت. کارایی روش های کاربردی از طریق راست آزمایی و آنالیز منحنی راک ROC cure ازنظر حساسیت, ویژگی, و دقت مورد تحلیل و مقایسه قرار گرفتند.

    یافته ها

    در تشخیص و تفکیک افتراقی بیماران آلزایمری از افراد سالخورده سالم, در کل کارایی روش LDA در مقایسه با PCA با حساسیت 92.85درصد ویژگی 100درصد از اطمینان 0.96 برخوردار بوده است. از طرفی در مقایسه با LDA, آنالیز ساختاری بافت بروش NDA از حساسیت 100درصد, ویژگی 100درصد و دقت 100 درصد برخوردار است.

    بحث و نتیجه گیری

    تحقیق حاضر نشان می دهد تشخیص کامپیوتری اتروفی بافت مغزی در تصاویر ام آر ای می تواند به عنوان ابزار دقیق کمکی در تشخیص زودهنگام و توان بخشی به موقع بیماری آلزایمر موثر باشد.

    کلید واژگان: اتروفی, زوال عقل, تصویربرداری رزونانس مغناطیسی, حساسیت, ویژگی
    Akbar Gharbali*, Rezvan Golestani, Surena Nazarbaghi
    Background & Aim

    Early detection and reliable differentiation of the Alzheimer’s diseases from normal aging dementia provide optimal rehabilitation. MRI is a convenient imaging method for interpreting dementia caused by brain atrophy. Visual interpretation of brain MRI for atrophy is a qualitative procedure which un able to discriminate Alzheimer atrophy from aging brain atrophy. In recent years, Quantitative texture analysis of the medical imaging represent important biological information from pixels of the digital imaging for differential diseases discrimination. Quantitative texture analysis of the brain atrophy is not yet available for routine clinical use. The aim of this study is to evaluate performance of the applied automated texture analysis methods in discrimination Alzheimer versus normal aging by brain MRI.

    Materials & Methods

    In this approach, a total of 26 brain MRI (13 Alzheimer and 13 normal aging) images were analyzed By MaZda software. About 26 suitable regions of interest (ROI) were selected from hippocampal on MR images. Up to 270 texture features parameters were computed per ROI. The sets of 10 features parameters as a best differential descriptor are selected by applying Fisher and or POE+ACC algorithms. Under two standard / nonstandard states, both sets of features were discriminated by PCA, LDA and NDA. The confuse matrix applied for determination sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of applied texture analysis methods. The ROC cure analysis was used for examining the discrimination performance of the applied texture analysis methods.

    Results

    In comparison with PCA and LDA, in general, NDA has the best result for discriminating Alzheimer from normal aging dementia with sensitivity 100%, specificity of 100% and accuracy 100%.

    Conclusions

    our results indicate that the computerize brain atrophy discrimination in MR image can be an auxiliary tool in diagnosing Alzheimer's in early stages.

    Keywords: Atrophy, Dementia, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Sensitivity, Specificity
  • Hadi Behzad, Reza Gharibi, Mahmood Rezvaniamin, Setareh Kafashan, Ali Kamrani *
    Introduction
    Meniere's disease is an inner ear disorder not associated with central brain structure involvement. Although the ECochG test has been commonly used to diagnose Meniere's disease recently, it has not demonstrated high sensitivity. Therefore, it is recommended that other complementary tests alongside the ECochG test be used to diagnose Meniere's disease. The SVV test has gained popularity recently for this reason, and in this study, it was decided to use the SVV test in both static and dynamic modes, along with the ECochG test, as a tool for diagnosing Meniere's disease and evaluating its diagnostic features.
    Materials and Methods
    The study was conducted on 53 patients with confirmed unilateral Meniere's disease and a normal group. Means were calculated with a 95% confidence interval for the groups, and the corresponding graphs were plotted. Independent t-tests were used to examine the difference in SVV results between the normal and Meniere's groups. The ROC curve was then used to determine the cutoff point and calculate.
    Results
    After investigating the cutoff point for the three SVV conditions (tilted towards the lesion), a cutoff point of 2.1 degrees with a sensitivity and specificity of approximately 0.7 was identified as the best condition for distinguishing the Meniere's group from the healthy group.
    Conclusion
    Finally, based on the findings, it can be concluded that the SVV test has relatively low sensitivity for diagnosing Meniere's disease. Therefore, more than relying solely on its results to identify Meniere's disease is required, and it is suggested that other measures alongside the ECochG and SVV tests be included in future studies for further investigation.
    Keywords: Cutoff Point, Ecochg, Meniere's Disease, SVV Test, Sensitivity
  • Nasrin Ahmadinejad, Amirreza Taherkhani, Ramtin Hajibeygi, Mahmood Gorjizad, Shirin Yaghoobpoor, Reihaneh Mortazavi Ardestani, Mobina Fathi*, Hamed Ghorani, Mohammadreza Tahamtan
    Background

    Approximately 8% of breast cancers originate within the central ducts near the nipple-areolar complex(NAC), which has revealed higher rates of occult involvement than previously thought. Precise preoperative imaging to assess NAC and subjacent tumor involvement has become critical to identify candidates for nipple-sparing mastectomy (NSM) while ensuring oncological safety. The aim of our study is to determine whether Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) could be used for the detection of subtle neoplastic infiltration.

    Method

    Electronic databases including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and EMBASE were systematically searched to identify all relevant studies published before 2024 on diagnostic performance of MRI in malignant extension to the nipple. The keywords included MRI, NAC, breast cancer, NSM, True Positive (TP), True Negative (TN), False Positive (FP), False Negative (FN) were extracted for analysis. Finally, 5 articles were selected for our meta-analysis. STATA version 15 was used to analysis data.

    Result

    Our meta-analysis showed a pooled sensitivity of 85%(95% CI: 77%-91%)with low heterogeneity(I2 = 00.00%), and a pooled specificity of 82% (95% CI: 49%- 95%), with significant heterogeneity(I2 = 98%). The pooled positive diagnostic likelihood ratio(pDLR) was 4.6(95% CI: 1.3-16.6, I2 = 96.66%), and the negative diagnostic likelihood ratio(nDLR) was 0.18(95% CI: 0.10-0.33, I2 = 50.06%).

    Conclusion

    Diagnostic MRI characteristics such as NAC enhancement, non-mass enhancement (NME) type, mass size (greater than 20 mm), and tumor-to-nipple distance (TND) were assocaited with the presence of NAC involement. Because of high diagnostic accuracy, MRI imaging can be used as a helpful tool for NAC diagnosis.

    Keywords: Breast MRI, Sensitivity, Specificity, Breast Cancer (BC), Meta-Analysis, Nipple Areola Complex
  • سیده زهرا اسلامی راد*، زهرا صفی
    مقدمه

    بررسی کیفیت دستگاه اسپکت نقش مهمی در تفسیر و گزارش تصاویر دارد به همین منظور آزمون های ارزیابی کنترل کیفیت برای تعیین عیوب موجود در دستگاه، قبل از تاثیر منفی در تصاویر پزشکی صورت می گیرد. برای پی بردن به معایب دستگاه، آزمون های کنترل کیفیت و شبیه سازی های متفاوت حیاتی و موثر است.

    مواد و روش ها

    در این مطالعه، ابتدا به منظور ارزیابی کیفیت دستگاه، اسپکت Symbia T  با کد مونت کارلوی SIMIND شبیه سازی شده و پارامترهای قدرت تفکیک فضایی و حساسیت مطابق با شرایط تجربی اندازه گیری گردید. سپس نتایج حاصله با نتایج تجربی تحلیل، مقایسه و اعتبار سنجی گردید.

    یافته ها

    قدرت تفکیک فضایی بصورت شبیه سازی و تجربی در مرکز میدان دید به ترتیب برابرmm  4/4 وmm  73/4 اندازه گیری شد. همچنین حساسیت محاسبه شده بصورت شبیه سازی و تجربی برای پنجره انرژی keV 154-126 برابر cps/MBq 47/98و cps/MBq 46/27 گردید. خطای نسبی برای رزولوشن فضایی و حساسیت به ترتیب برابر 7% و 3% شد.

    بحث و نتیجه گیری

    خطا بیانگر توافق خوب بین داده های تجربی و شبیه سازی است. با استفاده از این شبیه سازی، پارامترهای کنترل کیفیت را می توان قبل از انجام آزمایشات تجربی پیش بینی کرد. بنابراین، هزینه، ایمنی تابش، الزامات حفاظت و خطا در تصاویر سیستم به طور قابل توجهی به حداقل می رسد.

    کلید واژگان: اسپکتSymbia T, کنترل کیفی, ارزیابی, شبیه سازیSIMIND, رزولوشن فضایی, حساسیت
    Seyedeh Zahra Islami Rad*, Zahra Safi
    Introduction

    The quality control of the SPECT system plays an important role in the interpretation and reporting of images. For this purpose, evaluation tests of quality control are performed to detect problems in the scanner, before the negative impact on medical images. Performing quality control tests and various simulations are vital and effective to determine the defects of the system.

    Methods and Materials:

     In this study, first, the SYMBIA T scanner was simulated with SIMIND Monte Carlo code, and spatial resolution and sensitivity parameters were measured based on experimental conditions. Then, the acquired results were analyzed, compared, and validated with experimental results.

    Results

    The spatial resolution as experimental and simulation in field of view (FOV) were measured 4.73 mm and 4.4 mm, respectively. Furthermore, the sensitivity calculated by simulation and experiment for 126-154 keV energy windows was equal to 46.27 cps/MBq and 47.98 cps/MBq. The relative errors for spatial resolution and sensitivity were measured 7% and 3%, respectively.

    Discussion and Conclusion

    The error quantity indicates a good agreement between the experimental and the simulation data. Using this simulation, the quality control parameters can be predicted before performing the experimental quality-control tests. Thus, the cost, radiation safety, shielding requirements and error in the system images are significantly minimized.

    Keywords: SPECT Symbia T, Quality Control, Evaluation, SIMIND Simulation, Spatial Resolution, Sensitivity
  • Arun Sachu, Sanjo Sunny, Philip Mathew, Ajeesh Kumar, Alice David
    Background and Objectives

    Early diagnosis of candidemia is of vital importance in reducing mortality and morbidity. The main objective of the study was to determine the TTP (Time to Positivity) of different species of Candida causing bloodstream infection and to see whether TTP can help differentiate Candida glabrata which is frequently fluconazole resistant from Fluconazole sensitive Candida.

    Materials and Methods

    TTP (Time to positivity) and AAT (Appropriate Antifungal therapy) were noted for Blood cultures becoming positive for Candida. Presence of Risk factors for candidemia like prolonged ICU stay, neutropenia, Total Parenteral Nutrition (TPN), use of steroids , broad spectrum antibiotics, use of Central Venous Catheter, Foleys catheter were also analyzed.

    Results

    The most frequent isolates were Candida parapsilosis, Candida tropicalis and Candida albicans. The median TTP for all Candida isolates in our study was 34 hours. The diagnostic sensitivity of TTP for detecting C. glabrata and C. tropicalis in patients with candidemia was 88% and 85% respectively. TTP showed that there was no difference in survival between TTP <24 hrs. and > 24hrs. Initiation of antifungal therapy <24 hours and > 24hrs after onset of candidemia had no association with survival.

    Conclusion

    Longer TTP maybe predictive of C. glabrata while shorter TTP may be predictive of C. tropicalis. In our study we found that fluconazole resistant Candida causing blood stream infection is quite unlikely if the TTP of the isolate is <48hrs.

    Keywords: Candida, Fluconazole, Susceptibility, Resistance, Sensitivity
  • Rohollah Fallah Madvari, Mahdi Jafari Nodoushan, Faezeh Abbassi Balochkhaneh, Gholamhossein Halvani, Farzan Madadizadeh, Azam Esmaeili, Ahmadali Kheirandish, Seyedeh Zahara Hosseini Sangchi*
    Background

    Noise pollution is one of the known harmful factors in workplaces. Noise can have different psychological consequences. Noise annoyance (NA) and noise sensitivity (NS) are seen as mediators in the study of noise impacts. The present study was conducted to investigate the association between NA and NS with psychological distress (PD).

    Materials and Methods

    This cross-sectional study was conducted among 115 textile workers. The sampling method was stratified random sampling. Noise exposure (NE) was determined by a noise dosimeter. NA, NS, and PD were assessed using Noise Annoyance Scale (NAS), Weinstein's Noise Sensitivity Scale (WNSS), and Kessler Psychological Distress Scale, respectively. Data analysis was performed in SPSS-22 software.

    Results

    The median (interquartile range) of NA was equal to 7 (3). The mean (standard deviation) of NS was equal to 66.33 (15.76). The results showed that there is a positive and significant association between equivalent sound level, and PD (P=0.01, r = 0.23). The results of our study showed that PD had a significant difference in diverse levels of NA (P=0.01) and NS (P<0.001).

    Conclusion

    In general, the annoyance caused by NA and NS can affect people's PD. Therefore, it is suggested to pay attention to these factors in studying the consequences of noise exposure.

    Keywords: Noise, Sensitivity, Mental health, Psychological Distress, Textile Industry
  • مقدمه

    اندومتریوز یک اختلال ژنیکولوژیک مولتی فوکال طی دوره باروری است. MRI یک روش تشخیصی ارزشمند برای بیماران اندومتریوز است که می تواند هم به تنهایی و هم به صورت همراه با TVS استفاده شود.

    هدف

    این مطالعه با هدف مقایسه دقت تشخیصی MRI لگن در اندومتریوز عمقی با یافته های جراحی در بیماران مراجعه کننده به بیمارستان شهید صدوقی یزد در مدت یک سال انجام شد.

    مواد و روش ها

    این مطالعه مقطعی بر روی 40 زن مشکوک به اندومتریوز مراجعه کننده به بیمارستان شهید صدوقی یزد از آبان 1399 تا 1400 انجام شد. بیماران بر اساس علایم بالینی، سابقه ی جراحی و یا درمان طبی به بخش رادیولوژی جهت مطالعات تکمیلی MRI ارجاع شدند. در نهایت پس از انجام اقدامات تشخیصی لاپاروسکوپیک، یافته های مشاهده شده در MRI با نتایج پاتولوژیک لاپاروسکوپی مقایسه شد.

    نتایج

    بر اساس یافته های تصویربرداری MRI و مقایسه آن با یافته های لاپاروسکوپیک به عنوان استاندارد طلایی تشخیصی، MRI حساسیتی برابر با 8/94%، و اختصاصیتی برابر با 20% در ارتباط با ضایعات مرتبط با اندومتریوز داشت. همچنین ارزش اخباری مثبت (PPV) تصویر برداری MRI برابر با 2/90% و ارزش اخباری منفی (NPV) آن برابر با 3/33% است.

    نتیجه گیری

    با وجود تلاش های مستمر برای بهبود روش های تشخیصی و پیشنهادات جدید مانند اضافه کرده سکانس به مدالیته های تشخیصی MRI، همچنان لاپاروسکوپی به عنوان بهترین و قابل اعتمادترین روش تشخیصی اندومتریوزیز قرار دارد.

    کلید واژگان: اندومتریوز نفوذی عمیق, MRI, تشخیص, لاپاراسکوپی, حساسیت, ویژگی
    Reza Nafisi Moghadam, Fatemeh Tamizi, Seid Kazem Razavi Ratki, Amin Nafisi Moghadam, Atiyeh Javaheri, Nasim Namiranian *
    Background

    Endometriosis is a multifocal gynecologic disorder during the fertility period in women. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is an important diagnostic modality for this disease and can be used either alone or along with transvaginal ultrasonography.

    Objective

    This study aims to compare the accuracy of pelvis MRI in pelvic deep endometriosis with laparoscopic findings in women referred to Shahid Sadoughi hospital in one year.

    Materials and Methods

    This cross-sectional study was conducted on 40 women suspicious of endometriosis who referred to Shahid Sadoughi hospital, Yazd, Iran from November 2020-2021. Based on clinical findings and history, participants were referred to the imaging center for pelvic MRI. Finally, the results of MRI and diagnostic laparoscopy were compared with pathologic findings.

    Results

    The sensitivity and specificity of MRI for pelvic endometriosis were 94.8% and 20%, respectively. Also, the positive predictive value and negative predictive value of MRI were 90.2% and 33.3%, respectively.

    Conclusion

    Laparoscopy is still the gold standard of endometriosis diagnosis, but MRI with susceptibility-weighted imaging sequence is the best noninvasive diagnostic method.

    Keywords: Deep infiltrating endometriosis, Magnetic resonance imaging, Diagnosis, Laparoscopy, Sensitivity, Specificity
  • راضیه شاه نظری، سمانه ثقفیان لاریجانی، حسنا میرفخرائی، مریم مظلومی، نیکو امتیازی *
    زمینه و هدف

     ضایعات آندومتر چالش های مهمی در تشخیص و مدیریت ایجاد می کنند و به تکنیک های تصویربرداری پیشرفته برای ارزیابی دقیق نیاز دارند. در میان این تکنیک ها، تصویربرداری تشدید مغناطیسی با کنتراست پویا (DCE) و تصویربرداری بر وزن انتشار یا تصویربرداری دیفیوژن (DW) به عنوان ابزار ارزشمندی پدیدار شده اند. مطالعه حاضر با هدف بررسی نقش DWI-MRI و DCE-MRI در ارزیابی ضایعات آندومتر انجام شد.

    روش کار

     پایگاه های اطلاعاتی بین المللی (Web of Science، PubMed، Scopus و Embase) جست وجو گردید و مطالعاتی که نقش DWI-MRI و DCE-MRI را در ارزیابی ضایعات آندومتر را بررسی می کردند استخراج شدند. داده های جمع آوری شده با استفاده از مدل اثرات تصادفی در STATA (نسخه 15) مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفتند.

    یافته ها

     از مجموع مطالعات جمع آوری شده، 16 مورد معیارهای واجد شرایط بودن را داشتند که شامل حجم نمونه کل 754 نفر بود. میانگین سنی افراد مورد مطالعه 03/10±58 سال بود. نتایج نشان داد که حساسیت  DWI-MRI در ارزیابی ضایعات آندومتر 83% (79% تا 86%)، ویژگی 87% (84% تا 90%) و دقت آن 88% (83% تا 94%) می باشد. همینطور حساسیت DCE-MRI 86% (80% تا 91%)، ویژگی 87% (83% تا 90%) و دقت 85% (80% تا 90%) به دست آمد.

    نتیجه گیری

     به طور خلاصه، نتایج این مطالعه از کاربرد DWI-MRI و DCE-MRI به عنوان ابزارهای ارزشمند در تکنیک های تشخیصی برای ارزیابی ضایعات آندومتر حمایت می کند.

    کلید واژگان: تصویربرداری تشدید مغناطیسی, تصویربرداری تشخیصی, نئوپلاسم های آندومتر, حساسیت, ویژگی
    Razieh Shahnazari, Samaneh Saghafian Larijani, Hosna Mirfakhraee, Maryam Mazloomi, Nikoo Emtiazi *
    Background & Aims

     The endometrium, the inner lining of the uterus, is a place for the formation and growth of various lesions that can be detected by medical imaging. Accurate and timely diagnosis of endometritis is essential because these lesions may cause serious complications such as infertility and severe pain. In this context, medical imaging plays a very important role in the diagnosis and evaluation of endometrial lesions. An abnormal appearance of the endometrium is possible. On magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the pelvis, it can be identified as an incidental finding in the absence of associated symptoms. However, characterizing an endometrial abnormality on MRI as benign or malignant is challenging. It is a variable secondary to imaging of both benign lesions such as endometrial polyps, hyperplasia, and intracavitary fibroids, and malignant lesions including endometrial adenocarcinoma, carcinosarcoma, and endometrial stromal sarcoma. Magnetic resonance imaging with dynamic contrast (DCE-MRI) and diffusion-weighted imaging (DW-MRI) as two advanced methods in the field of medical imaging, are of great importance in the evaluation of endometrial lesions. These two imaging methods, by providing detailed and comprehensive information on the morphological and physiological characteristics of the lesions, allow doctors to make better decisions regarding diagnosis, determining the clinical stage, and managing patients with abnormal endometrium and related lesions. This review aims to investigate the role of DCE-MRI and DW-MRI in the evaluation of endometrial lesions, highlighting their strengths, limitations, and clinical applications in the field of gynecological imaging.

    Methods

     The present study was conducted based on the checklist of selected reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA). International databases (Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, and Embase) were searched and studies that examined the role of DWI-MRI and DCE-MRI in the evaluation of endometrial lesions were extracted. After removing duplicate studies, the titles and abstracts of the remaining articles were reviewed to find eligible studies based on the following inclusion and exclusion criteria. Inclusion criteria include: 1- Case-control studies on the role of DCE-MRI and DW-MRI in the evaluation of endometrial lesions with extractable data, 2- Studies with similar objectives and statistical methods, as well as sufficient published data to estimate the odds ratio. (OR) and the confidence interval was 95%. Exclusion criteria included review articles, meta-analyses, congress abstracts, and studies in languages other than English. Eligible studies were selected by two authors and reviewed and approved by all authors. Data were extracted from selected studies by two different authors and included author name, location, publication date, sample size, age, study design, and sensitivity, characteristics of DCE and DWI methods. The Newcastle-Ottawa scale was used to evaluate the methodology and quality of the studies (9). Articles with scores of 0-3, 4-6, and 7-9 were considered as low, medium, and high quality. None of the studies scored <4. Begg's plots and Egger's test were used to evaluate data publication bias, and P values less than 0.05 were considered significant. Effect sizes and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using Stata version 15. We measured the heterogeneity of each group using the index of incompatibility (I2). I2 greater than 50% or a P-value less than 0.05 is considered significant heterogeneity. If heterogeneity was high, a random effect model was used to calculate the pooled effect and 95% CI. Otherwise, the fixed effect was used. The diagnostic value of dynamic contrast-enhanced and diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging in the evaluation of endometrial lesions was determined by calculating specificity, sensitivity, PPV, NPV, and accuracy, with a 95% confidence interval (CI).

    Results

     After removing duplicate and irrelevant studies, finally, 16 articles aligned with the inclusion criteria, published between 2014 and 2022, were included in the study. This meta-analysis includes six prospective articles, eight retrospective articles, and two cross-sectional articles. A total of 754 people were examined. The mean ± standard deviation of the age of the subjects was 58.10 ± 3 years. The results showed that the sensitivity of DWI-MRI in evaluating endometrial lesions was83% (79% to 86%), the specificity was 87% (84% to 90%) and the accuracy was 88% (83% to 94%). Similarly, DCE-MRI sensitivity was 86% (80% to 91%), specificity was 87% (83% to 90%) and accuracy was 85% (80% to 90%). The publication bias was shown symmetrically in the funnel plot and the P-value was calculated as 0.092, which means there is a publication bias.

    Conclusion

     In summary, the results of this study support the use of DWI-MRI and DCE-MRI as valuable tools in diagnostic techniques to evaluate endometrial lesions. The demonstrated sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy emphasize their potential to aid clinical decision-making and patient management in the field of endometrial pathology.

    Keywords: Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Diagnostic Imaging, Endometrial Neoplasms, Sensitivity, Specificity
  • مریم قدرتی*

    در دهه ‎های اخیر، شیوع بیماری ‎های انسانی به طور پیوسته افزایش یافته است، این امر محققان را به سمت طراحی زیست حسگرهایی با فناوری ‎های جدید سوق داده است. تحقیقات نشان می‎دهد که ترکیب نانومواد دوبعدی با فلزات نجیب نقش بسزایی در توسعه پارامترهای عملکرد حسگرها همچون حساسیت، ضریب شایستگی و دقت تشخیص دارد. نانو مواد دوبعدی مانند گرافن، فسفر سیاه، مکسین‎ ها و دی کالکوژنیدهای فلزات واسطه پارامترهای عملکرد را به طور قابل‎ ملاحظه ای بهبود می ‎دهند و از لایه های فلزی در برابر اکسیداسیون نیز محافظت می ‎کنند. حسگرهای تشدید پلاسمون سطحی مبتنی بر منشور مزایای قابل توجهی نسبت به سایر حسگرهای نوری دارند، از‎جمله می‎توان به حساسیت قابل ملاحظه، دقت و سرعت پاسخ بالا، تشخیص بدون برچسب، مقاومت بالا در برابر تغییرات دمایی محیط و امکان تشخیص مولکول ‎های زیستی با غلظت و حجم کم اشاره نمود. در این مقاله مروری، تاریخچه و وضعیت فعلی زیست ‎حسگرهای پلاسمونی مبتنی بر پیکربندی کرچمان با تمرکز بر مواد دو بعدی بررسی شده است و کاربردهای بالقوه آنها در حوزه ‎های مختلف به ویژه پزشکی ارزیابی شده است. علاوه بر این به معرفی پدیده تشدید پلاسمون‎ سطحی و روش ‎های تحریک پلاسمون ‎ها برای اهداف حسگری و زیست حسگری پرداخته شده است. رویکردهای جدید عددی و تحلیلی برای مدل‎سازی زیست حسگرهای پلاسمونی و تعیین پارامترهای عملکردشان نیز بررسی شده است. این مقاله مروری می‎تواند برای جامعه علمی که علاقه مند به پژوهش در حوزه زیست حسگرهای پلاسمونی هستند، مفید باشد.

    کلید واژگان: مواد دوبعدی, زیست‎حسگر, تشدید پلاسمون سطحی, حساسیت, پیکربندی کرچمان
    Maryam Ghodrati*

    In recent decades, the prevalence of human diseases has increased continuously, this has led researchers to design biosensors with new technologies. Research shows that combining two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials with noble metals significantly develops sensors' performance parameters such as sensitivity, figure of merit, and detection accuracy. 2D nanomaterials such as graphene, black phosphorus (BP), MXenes, and transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs), significantly improve performance parameters and protect metal layers against oxidation. Prism-based surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensors have significant advantages over other optical sensors, including remarkable sensitivity, high accuracy and response speed, label-free detection, high resistance to environmental temperature changes, and the possibility of detecting molecules biological with low concentration and volume. In this review paper, the history and current status of plasmonic biosensors based on the Kretschmann configuration are investigated, focusing on 2D materials, and their potential applications in various fields, especially medicine, are evaluated. Moreover, the phenomenon of surface plasmon resonance and plasmons stimulation methods for sensing and biosensing purposes has been introduced. New numerical and analytical approaches for modeling plasmonic biosensors and determining their performance parameters have also been investigated. This review paper can be useful for the scientific community who are interested in research in the field of plasmonic biosensors.

    Keywords: Two-dimensional material, Biosensor, Surface plasmon resonance, Sensitivity, Kretschmann configuration
  • ShuMei Cai, Xia Lian, Yichu Liu, ShuiliangWang, Aiwen Huang, Meng Zhao, Shenghang Zhang *
    Background

    Vibrio vulnificus can cause serious infections in human beings associated with the consumption of rawoysters or cuts exposed to seawater. The traditional method for culturing V. vulnificus is time-consuming and has a high failure rate.

    Objectives

    This study aims to detect V. vulnificus using an AMCA-modified specific DNA aptamer.

    Methods

    Common pathogenic microorganisms present in the seawater of the Fujian Sea area were collected, cultured, and identified. The samples were found to contain mainly V. vulnificus, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, V. alginolyticus, V. parahaemolyticus, and V. cholerae. AMCA was conjugated with 5’ ends of the aptamer using N-hydroxysuccinimide ester (NHS ester) to target V. vulnificus and produce a fluorescent signal upon binding. The aptamer was screened and optimized for rapid detection of V. vulnificus.We collected the 50 bacterial strains isolated from clinical secretion samples and used a fluorescence microscope to determine whether the sample contained V. vulnificus or not. We compared these results with those obtained from VITEK MS (considered the gold standard) to test the sensitivity and specificity of the AMCA-modified aptamer using IBM SPSS Statistics 22.

    Results

    In this experiment, the sensitivity and specificity of the modified aptamer for detecting V. vulnificus were determined to be 100% [95% CI (0.39, 1)] and 93.4% [95% CI (0.81, 0.98)], respectively. The positive predictive value was 57% [95% CI (0.20, 0.88)], and the negative predictive value was 100% [95% CI (0.89, 1)]. These findings indicate that V. vulnificus specimens can be rapidly detected via fluorescence reaction within 30 minutes.

    Conclusions

    Our results suggest that this modified DNA aptamer has the potential to be used for diagnosing V. vulnificus. Further research is needed to explore the application of aptamers in pathogen infections.

    Keywords: DNA Aptamers, Vibrio vulnificus, Fluorescence, Rapid Detection, Sensitivity, Specificity
  • Farzad Fatehi*, Parisa Khaghani, Ali Asghar Okhovat, Kamyar Moradi, Farzad Teimouri, Mahsa Mortaja, Mahsa Layegh, Akram Panahi, Shahriar Nafissi
    Introduction

    Muscle biopsy is commonly used to diagnose inflammatory myopathies. We evaluated the ability of muscle ultrasound, a non-invasive and simple tool, to distinguish between healthy subjects and patients with inflammatory myopathy.

    Methods

    This study was conducted on 17 patients recently diagnosed with biopsy inflammatory myopathies (12 dermatomyositis, 5 polymyositis) compared with 17 age- and gender-matched healthy control adults. All patients underwent clinical assessments, including manual muscle testing, hand-held dynamometry, and muscle ultrasound evaluations, including thickness and echo intensity in predefined muscle groups. 

    Results

    The disease duration was seven months (interquartile range: 3 to 11 months). Except for the biceps and gastrocnemius, patients’ muscles had significantly higher echo intensity and lower thickness than the control group. The echo intensity sum-score manifested the highest area under the curve compared to the sum-scores of other variables (echo intensity vs manual muscle testing: Area under curves-difference=0.18, P<0.01; echo intensity vs dynamometry: Area under curves-difference=0.14, P=0.02; echo intensity vs thickness: Area under curves-differences-difference=0.25, P<0.01). 

    Conclusion

    The echo intensity of muscles differed significantly between healthy individuals and patients with inflammatory myopathies and may serve as a useful diagnostic biomarker.

    Keywords: Ultrasonography, Myositis, Case-control studies, Sensitivity, specificity
  • Naik Shraddha Dinkarrao*, Ghogare Harish Subhashrao, Kulkarni Smita Sitaram, Mulay Manjushree Vijay
    Introduction

    The emergence of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) poses a significant public health concern due to its potential for increased mortality and morbidity. The limited availability of effective antibiotics further exacerbates the dissemination of carbapenem-resistant bacteria. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of carbapenem resistance and carbapenemase production in Enterobacteriaceae isolates using the Modified Hodge Test.

    Methods

    This observational study was conducted at the Department of Microbiology, MGM Medical College & Hospital, Aurangabad, Maharashtra, from November 2015 to November 2017. 171 Enterobacteriaceae isolates from various clinical samples were comprehensively tested for carbapenem resistance and carbapenemase production. This involved the use of carbapenem discs (ertapenem, meropenem, and imipenem), E-test strips for ertapenem and meropenem, and the Modified Hodge Test (MHT) for carbapenemase identification.

    Results

    Among the 171 tested Enterobacteriaceae isolates, a substantial proportion (40%) displayed resistance to carbapenems, as determined by disc diffusion and E-test methods. Among the carbapenem-resistant isolates, 13 were positive for the MHT.

    Conclusion

    Our study revealed a notable prevalence of carbapenem resistance in Enterobacteriaceae isolates from a tertiary care hospital. The MHT, following Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines, demonstrated high sensitivity (> 90%) and specificity (> 90%) for detecting KPC-type carbapenemases in these isolates. Treatment options for CRE infections are limited, with tigecycline and colistin identified as potential options. Our study highlights the importance of promptly diagnosing different carbapenemases using PCR techniques. Consequently, we strongly advocate for implementing robust antimicrobial stewardship programs and infection control practices in healthcare settings to prevent CRE spread effectively.

    Keywords: Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE), Modified Hodge Test (MHT), E-test, Clinical isolates, Tertiary care hospital, Prevalence, Sensitivity, specificity
نکته
  • نتایج بر اساس تاریخ انتشار مرتب شده‌اند.
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