جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « Toxins » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

The Stonefish is believed to be the most venomous, dangerous, and even fatal fish to human and animals that currently known in the worldwide. Their venom apparatus involve 12-13 dorsal ‘hypodermic’, 2 pelvic, and 3 anal spines, which contain venom, excepting the ornate pectoral spines that are not venomous. Venom with some activities contains a mixture of enzyme and non-enzyme proteins, like stonustoxin, trachynilysin, verrucotoxin and Neo verrucotoxin. They act on receptors and ion channels, with various mechanisms; and cause marked local and systemic complications in envenomed animals. Most typical envenomation management protocols consist of initial resuscitation, symptomatic relief with hot water (45ºC) therapy, antivenom for systemic or severe local signs, and surgical removal of spines or other foreign bodies. There were a lot of recommends about use of hot water immersion, early on-site, as a first aid measure. Antibiotics are proposed for deep puncture injuries, due to the high incidence of ulceration, necrosis, and secondary infections. As in everything else, prevention is better than cure; and must wear shoes and step with judgment in stonefish aqueous territories!

Immunotoxins such as pseudomonas exotoxin are Molecules with a unique structure like toxin-antibody part. These immunotoxins are two functional which crossing the cell membrane and enters the target cell and destroy the cell. Toxin-based treatments are a widespread research field and can have broad applications in the biology and public health. Immunotoxins act selectively against cancer cells and have a good potential for detecting and targeting cancer cells. Specific immunotoxins to target immune cells due to the selection type antibody and antibodies are responsible for the identification of the target cells. Cancer is becoming a major cause of death in most developed countries. In order to have a strong factor in cancer repression, that agent must target the cancer cells directly and specifically. Often, but not always, immunotoxins are produced for disabling and killing cancer cells, that this issue is one of new therapeutic approaches in recently. Clinical aims to designing and create new cancer therapies focused with this approach, a lot of information about the toxin and intracellular pathways have been obtained. So, toxins in medicine are useful for the treatment of human disease and study of professional cellular functions. So, immunotoxins have a high potential for cancer treatment. Other applications of immunotoxins, including immune system regulation and treatment of viral diseases and parasites diseases. More research is needed to improve the immunotoxin effects and to reduce their side effects. On the whole, with design creative, clever and experienced programs, many human diseases, particularly cancers can be in a short period of time and faster than other methods of treatment that the treatment of long, to be treated. Following the design and implementation of clinical trials, the effects of immunotoxins on animal tumorigenic models were performed. In fact, in this study, we focus on the use of protein-bound toxins with bacterial and herbal sources and more specifically Pseudomonas immunotoxins which attached to antibodies to target cancer cells.

Arsenic causes a variety of health effects. Arsenic is increasingly incorporated in industries and this has led to environmental contamination of arsenic. Despite this fact، there is no thorough information about human exposure to arsenic in Iran. This systematic review tries to provide a comprehensive picture of arsenic concentrations in the human body and its side effects in the Iranian population. Relevant studies were obtained through searching PubMed، Scopus، Science Direct، Cochrane، Google Scholar، SID، Magiran and IranMedex. Primary studies that had assessed arsenic concentration in biological samples or had investigated its health effects were included after quality assessment and information regarding the population under investigation، place of study، specimen type، arsenic dose، source of exposure and health effects were recorded. Eighteen studies were included. Arsenic levels were higher than standard in street children، inhabitants of some villages of Isfahan، Khorasan and Kurdistan provinces and fishermen of Persian Gulf ports. Chronic arsenic poisoning was the major type of poisoning and keratosis، hyper-pigmentation، Mee’s lines and chromosomal abnormalities was the main symptoms in this regard. Major sources of arsenic contamination were chronic exposure to contaminated water، soil، food stuff and air. Body concentration of arsenic is higher than standard in some regions of Iran. This is indicative of environmental contamination. Promotion of environmental health standards، monitoring arsenic levels in high risk populations and conducting timely public health interventions is recommended to overcome this public health problem.

Identification of lactic acid bacteria of traditional cheeses is the first step of developing new starters in order to protect from national genetical resources and to product industrial cheese with desirable texture and organoleptic characteristics same as traditional cheeses. After traditional cheeses collection (24 samples of 8 different traditional cheeses from West Azerbaijan), identification of Lactobacillus species was performed using a specific culture (MRS broth). In present study, from a total of 118 isolates of lactobacilli were determined. Lactobacillus plantarum (24%), Lactobacillus casei (20%) and Lactobacillus agillis (18%) from facultative heterofermentative Lactobacilli and Lactobacillus delbrueckii (21%), Lactobacillus helveticus (14%) and Lactobacillus salvariu s (3%) from obligative homofermentative Lactobacilli were found to be more dominant species. So for achievement to organoleptic characteristics of traditional cheeses in industrial productions, mixed starters including dominant Lactobacillus species identified in cheeses can be employed.

Clostridium perfringens are classified into five toxin types A to E, on the basis of production of Alpha, Beta, Epsilon and Iota toxins. Some strains are able to produce enterotoxin, can cause food poisoning in human. The bacteria are able to produce NetB and TpeL toxins which are virulence factors in necrotic enteritis in poultry. The aim of this study was to determine the toxin profile of C. perfringens strains isolated from packed chicken portions using Single and Multiplex PCR assays. In a crossectional study, 180 sample of chicken portions including wing (n=50), liver (n=50), neck (n=50) and gizzard (n=30) were collected randomly and examined for C. perfringens contamination. For this purpose all of samples were cultured on the 7% sheep defibrinated blood agar, TSN and TSC culture media. All of the isolates were investigated for the presence of alpha, beta, epsilon, iota toxin and virulence (tpeL and netB) genes. In the present study, 6 isolates out of 180 samples, were confirmed as C. perfringens by culture and molecular methods. All of the isolates (100%) were confirmed as cpa and cpb positive strains and belong to type C of C. perfringens. The netB gene was detected in 5 isolates (83.33%) and tpeL gene in three isolates (50%). Our findings show the majority of C. perfringens in broilers are belong to type C which produce necrotic enteritis in poultry and may be transmitted to human through poultry products.