Movements and uprisings of transition period from Qajar dynasty to Pahlavi dynasty

Transition period from Qajar dynasty to Pahlavi dynasty is the period when Iranian Constitutional Revolution, shelling of the parliament, beginning of World War I and Iranian Constitutional closure is formed. With the closure of the Parliament, failure of Constitutional Revolution, creating chaos and insecurity and increase in the influence of the foreigners in the country, uprisings and movements began in reaction to the failure of constitutional revolution, corruption and incompetence, mismanagement of the country and foreign domination.Jangal (Jungle) movement, uprising of Khiābāni, Pessian and Lahouti are among the uprisings with such characteristics. There are two different perspectives for the reasons of the emergence of these uprisings and movements”1. Some people considered these uprisings and movements as separatism and ambitious2. Some others considered these uprisings somehow as the continuation of constitutional revolution and in line with patriotism and nationalism of their leaders.The main question of this research is that what was the main reason for the emergence and appearance of the movements of Jangal (Jungle), Khiābāni, Pessian and Lahouti? After mentioning the situation of the first decade of constitutional revolution and reviewing the four mentioned movements and looking at the historical context, the leadership personality of the each of the uprisings, the opinions of experts in this regard and the aims of these movements, the writer came to the conclusion that these movements occurred in reaction to the failure of the constitutional revolution, insecurity, incompetence, mismanagement of the country and domination of the foreigners.