Callus Production and Plant Regeneration in Three Iranian Cumin Landraces

Cumin (Cuminum cyminum) is an annual plant from Umbliferus family that is cultivated in Iran as landraces. This plant is one of the oldest plants with pharmaceutical and economical importance. In this experiment cumin seeds were collected from Khorasan، Kerman and Fars provinces of Iran. Explants were cultured in Gamborg media with hormonal components. Factorial experiment with four factor based on completely randomized design (CRD) was conducted. Factors that used in this experiment consist of three hormones، i. e. NAA with three levels 0. 2، 0. 4 and 0. 6 mg/L، IAA with two levels 0. 2 and 0. 4 mg/L and BAP with two levels zero and 0. 1 mg/L concentrations، and cultivar with three levels (three cumin landraces). The results showed that each of landraces produced hard، compact and white greenish color calli. After subculturing، embryogenesis stages consist of globular، turpido، heart and cotilidonary shapes were observed. Then thiny shoots were produced by embryos. Elongated shoots were cute from callus and transferred to rooting media with 1/2 MS salt and 0. 2 mg/L IAA. All of the shoots produced roots successfully. Fully developed plantlets with well-developed root and shoot systems were transferred to pots containing sterile sandy soil. After 20-30 days، the plantlets started to flowering. No albino or abnormal plants observed. The analysis of results showed that Khorasan landrace at hormonal component with 0. 4 mg/L IAA+ 0. 2 mg/L NAA + 0. 1 mg/L BAP had the maximum callus production and plant regeneration.